Attachment-Focused EMDR

www.braynework.comwww.emdrfocus.com

Mark BrayneLeeds

May 2017

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Key

MP is EMDRBasic Procedural Steps

What is EMDR? EMDRIA def1. Unique standardized set of procedures and clinical protocols which incorporates dual

focus of attention and alternating bilateral visual, auditory and/or tactilestimulation

2. Based on available relevant research, treatment fidelity to the 8 phases (Shapiro,2001) produces the best results. However, in certain situations and for somepopulations, […] procedures may be implemented in more than one way as long asthe broad goals of each phase are achieved.

3. […] relationship sufficient to give the client a sense of safety and foster […] ability totell the therapist what s/he is experiencing throughout the reprocessing. The clientdevelops mastery of skills in self-soothing and in affect regulation as appropriate tofacilitate dual awareness during the reprocessing sessions and to maintain stabilitybetween sessions.

4. It may be important, especially for those clients with complex trauma, to enhance theability of the individual to experience positive affect through promoting thedevelopment and expansion of positive and adaptive memory networks, thusexpanding the window of affect tolerance, and stimulating the development of thecapacity for relationship.

Flexibility• Innovation, Flexibility and Clinical Judgment as

Applied to Particular Clients or Special Populations• BVa. To achieve comprehensive treatment effects

a three-pronged basic treatment protocol is generallyused so that past events are reprocessed, presenttriggers desensitized, and future adaptive outcomesexplored for related challenges. The timing ofaddressing all three prongs is determined by clientstability, readiness and situation. There may besituations where the order may be altered or prongsmay be omitted, based on the clinical picture and theclinician’s judgment.

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Adaptation• BVb. As a psychotherapy, EMDR unfolds according to

the needs, resources, diagnosis, and development ofthe individual client in the context of thetherapeutic relationship. Therefore, the clinician, usingclinical judgment, emphasizes elements differentlydepending on the unique needs of the particular clientor the special population. EMDR treatment is notcompleted in any particular number of sessions. It iscentral to EMDR that positive results from itsapplication derive from the interaction among theclinician, the therapeutic approach, and the client.

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What is EMDR 1

1. Activation of the disturbingmemory network

2. Bilateral stimulation of the memorywithin a Dual Attention context

3. Moving the memory network fromepisodic to narrative memory

Derek Farrell 2015

What is EMDR 2

1. Safety2. Fire up the Networks3. BLS4. Safety

Laurel Parnell 2007

Five Essential Elements of AF-EMDR• Foster client safety• Develop and nurture the

therapeutic relationship tofacilitate healing

• Use client-centred approach• Create reparative neuro-

networks through the use ofResource Tapping

• Use modified EMDRwhenever client needsnecessitate.

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Five Main Themes

• Resourcing• Target Selection• Phase Three• BLS/DAS• Interweaves

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Five Main Themes

• Resourcing• Target Selection• Phase Three• BLS/DAS• Interweaves

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ResourcingMP

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SP

Tapping Them In

• Special/Peaceful/Calm (Safe?) Place• Nurturing Figures

– kindness, support, gentleness, love, warmth. Ableto soothe and hold.

• Protector Figures– Determination, strength, courage, solidity, even

ferocity. Able to fight your corner.• Wisdom Figure(s)• Also, perhaps a Magical Figure? (kids love it)

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Metaphors

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Tapping Them In

• Special/Peaceful/Calm (Safe?) Place• Nurturing Figures. Usually 3

– kindness, support, gentleness, love, warmth. Ableto soothe and hold.

• Protector Figures. Likewise 3– Determination, strength, courage, solidity, even

ferocity. Able to fight your corner.• Wisdom Figure(s). Generally one will do• Also, perhaps a Magical Figure? (kids love it)

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Five Main Themes

• Resourcing• Target Selection• Phase Three• BLS/DAS• Interweaves

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Target Selection(Float/Affect/Bridge)

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The Bridge

Distress/Event

Image (Moment)

Emotion

Body

Self-belief

The Bridge

Distress/Event

Image (Moment)

Emotion

Body

Thoughts/Belief

• Trace it back in time

• As far as you can

Without censorship

• WDYG

The Bridge

Distress/Event

Image (Moment)

Emotion

Body

Thoughts/Belief

Event

Image (Moment)

Emotion

Body

Belief

• Trace it back in time

• As far as you can

Without censorship

• WDYG

Bridge FROM

• Symptom, issue or current problem• Behaviours

– e.g. procrastination, overeating, bingeing, cutting,and drinking (just before the urge, cf Knipe LOU)

• Emotion(s)• Physical Sensation(s)• Negative Cognition/Thought/Belief• Dreams (though also in themselves)

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The Bridge

Distress/Event

Image (Moment)

Emotion

Body

Thoughts/Belief

Event

Image (Moment)

Emotion

Body

Belief

• Trace it back in time

• As far as you can

Without censorship

• WDYG

Five Main Themes• Resourcing• Target Selection• Phase Three Activation• BLS/DAS• Interweaves

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NUMBERS!!!!

1-70-1024

AAAAGGGHHH!!34

Spot the Difference

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Phase 3 Firing Up/Activation• Standard Protocol (The Works)• DeTUR (Popky)

– Desensitisation of Triggers and Urge Reprocessing

• Blind to Therapist (Blore et al)

• Feeling State (Miller)

• LOUA & LOPA (Knipe)– Level of Urge to Avoid– Level of Positive Affect

• Recent Traumatic Events (E Shapiro)

• Early Trauma Protocol (O’Shea)

• Children generally…• “Modified Protocol”

SP Phase 3 vs Parnell’sSimplified

• Event ……………• Image …………..• NC ………………..• PC (same

domain etc) ……• VoC (1-7) ………..• Emotion ………….• SUDs (0-10) …….• Body ……………….

• Event ……………..• Image …………….• Emotion …………• Body ………………• Thought/Belief

(about self) …...• (SUDs) optional

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R/LRLL

LRLR

R/LRRR

L/RL/R

Farrell Research Iraq 2016• First quasi-experimental design study using Blind 2 Therapist

Protocol• Research took place during a intensive 6 day EMDR Therapy Level 2

Training (May 2016)• 6 Month follow-up November 2016 during EMDR Therapy Level 3

training ( 6 days)• Participants – Jiyan Foundation for Human Rights - Therapists

during Self-experience Practicum: Highly Traumatised Population• Client – self selecting: STANDARD or B2T• Each EMDR Therapy session supervised live by EMDR Europe

Accredited Consultant• Control Group [N=59] – Standard Protocol• Experimental Group [N=39] – Blind 2 Therapist Protocol• Null Hypothesis

Target Issues using B2T Protocol

• Rape• Witnessing a

murder• Recent Trauma• Sports injury• Bereavement• Road Traffic

Collision• Bullying

• War-relatedconflicts &incidents

• Torture• Dog attack• Imprisonment• Vicarious trauma• Gender-based

violence

Iraq Project 1: Kurdistan – Blind 2 TherapistsResearch

(Farrell, Keenan, Ahmed & Scott, 2016)

0123456789

Pre Post 6 month Pre Post 6 month

Control Group - Standard Protocol[N=59]

Experimental Group - B2T Protocol[N=39]

SUD (0-10) VOC (1-7)

Research Findings• 90% of the research participants would NOT have

worked on their trauma experience without usingthe B2T protocol

• 95% Disclosed their trauma after EMDR Therapy• B2T Protocol was SAFE• Omission of C-, C+ and VOC still proved effective• Script of Protocol had to be adapted slightly to make

more specific• Clear definition of what was meant by ‘CHANGE’

during processing

Five Main Themes• Resourcing• Target Selection• Phase Three Activation• BLS/DAS• Interweaves

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EMs - Left Brain Right Brain

BLS / DAS

Forms of BLS

Five Main Themes• Resourcing• Target Selection• Phase Three Activation• BLS/DAS• Interweaves/Session

Structure

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Interweaves

• Use only when the processing is stuck or tohelp in session closure

• Offer the interweave, then move out of theway

• Don't interpret, inquire• Use simple language, few words• When processing a childhood memory use

language and concepts a child wouldunderstand

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Inquiry Interweaves

• Socratic method• "I'm confused"• “If this were your child . . . best friend, client,

sponsee . . .”• Open-ended question (“Why did you do

that?”, “Is that true?”)• “What happened next?”

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Truth Interweaves

• Validating personal reality: “What Do YouUnderstand Now?” Or “What Do You KnowNow to Be True?”

• Facilitating a broader perspective: “Look at thescene. What do you see?”

• Holding the opposites with a nondualinterweave

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Imagination Interweaves

• What does the child need? Who can do that?Imagine that.

• Creating an imaginary scenario or solution to aproblem

• Rewriting the scene: Knowing what you knownow, what would you do differently? Or, If youcould redo this scene, what would you do?

• Expressing forbidden impulses

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Sorting InterweavesSplit-screen interweaveTwo-hand interweave

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Education InterweavesProviding information the client lacks (e.g., "It is normal for the body

to experience pleasure when it is touched a certain way”)

Using imagination interweaves – let’s get youout of there. Esp towards end of session.

Rescue Interweaves

Reminder - What IS EMDR

1. Safety2. Fire up the Networks3. BLS4. Safety

And Special Thanks to….

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Attachment-Focused EMDR: HealingDevelopmental Deficits and Adults

Abused as ChildrenWith Dr Laurel Parnell

London Sept 26-27 2017

EMDR & the TranspersonalSheringham Nfk June 23-25

mark@emdrfocus.comwww.emdrfocus.com