assigment ethics and fiqh for everyday life (ungs 2050)

8/17/2019 Assigment Ethics and Fiqh for Everyday Life (UNGS 2050)

1/10

ETHICS AND FIQH FOR

EVERDAY LIFE

(UNGS 2050)

LECTURER : BRO HABIB

SUBJECT : ETICHS AND FIQH FOR EVERYDAY LIFE

(ISLAMIC VALUES RELATED TO

DIFFERENTPROFESSIONS)

COURSE CODE : UNGS 2050

PREPARED BY: ROFISAH MOHD SADRI

DL1310!!


2/10

Islamic Values Related to Different Professions

Introduction to professional ethics

Professional ethics encompass the personal, organizational and corporate standards of behaviour

expected of professionals. Professionals, and those working in acknowledged professions,

exercise specialist knowledge and skill. How the use of this knowledge should be governed when

providing a service to the public can be considered a moral issue and is termed professional

ethics.

Professionals are capable of making judgements, applying their skills and reaching informed

decisions in situations that the general public cannot, because they have not received the relevant

training. One of the earliest examples of professional ethics is the Hippocratic oath to which

medical doctors still adhere to this day.

ome professional organizations may define their ethical approach in terms of a number of

discrete components. !ypically these include"

• Honesty

• #ntegrity

• !ransparency

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professionalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocratic_oathhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honestyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_(behavior)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocratic_oathhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honestyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_(behavior)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional


3/10

• $ccountability

• %onfidentiality

• Objectivity

• &espectfulness

• Obedience to the law

• 'oyalty

Implementations

(ost professionals have internally enforced codes of practice that members of the profession

must follow to prevent exploitation of the client and to preserve the integrity of the profession.

!his is not only for the benefit of the client but also for the benefit of those belonging to the

profession. )isciplinary codes allow the profession to define a standard of conduct and ensure

that individual practitioners meet this standard, by disciplining them from the professional body

if they do not practice accordingly. !his allows those professionals who act with conscience to

practice in the knowledge that they will not be undermined commercially by those who have

fewer ethical *ualms. #t also maintains the public+s trust in the profession, encouraging the public

to continue seeking their services.

Internal regulations

#n cases where professional bodies regulate their own ethics, there are possibilities for such

bodies to become selfserving and to fail to follow their own ethical code when dealing with

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accountabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confidentialityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objectivity_(journalism)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respecthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loyaltyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accountabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confidentialityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objectivity_(journalism)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respecthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loyalty


4/10

renegade members. !his is because of the nature of professions in which they have almost a

complete monopoly on a particular area of knowledge. -or example, until recently, the nglish

courts deferred to the professional consensus on matters relating to their practice that lay outside

case law and legislation. Professional means a person who has a knowledge of some specific

fields.

Statutory regulation

#n many countries there is some statutory regulation of professional ethical standards such as

the statutory bodies that regulate nursing and midwifery in ngland and /ales. -ailure to comply

with standards can thus become a matter for the courts.

Example

-or example, a lay member of the public should not be held responsible for failing to act to save

a car crash victim because they could not give an appropriate emergency treatment. !his is

because they do not have the relevant knowledge and experience. #n contrast, a fully trained

doctor 0with the correct e*uipment1 would be capable of making the correct diagnosis and

carrying out appropriate procedures. -ailure of a doctor to help in such a situation would

generally be regarded as negligent and unethical. $n untrained person would not be considered

to be negligent for failing to act in such circumstances and might indeed be considered to be

negligent for acting and potentially causing more damage and possible loss of life.

$ business may approach a professional engineer to certify the safety of a project which is not

safe. /hilst one engineer may refuse to certify the project on moral grounds, the business may

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statutory_bodyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwifehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_crashhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_crashhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_crashhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statutory_bodyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwifehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_crash


5/10

find a less scrupulous engineer who will be prepared to certify the project for a bribe, thus saving

the business the expense of redesigning.

Separatism

On a theoretical level, there is debate as to whether an ethical code for a profession should be

consistent with the re*uirements of morality governing the public. eparatists argue that

professions should be allowed to go beyond such confines when they judge it necessary. !his is

because they are trained to produce certain outcomes which may take moral precedence over

other functions of society. -or example, it could be argued that a doctor may lie to a patient about

the severity of their condition, if there is reason to think that telling the patient could cause them

so much distress that it would be detrimental to their health. !his would be a disrespect of the

patient+s autonomy, as it denies them information on something that could have a great impact on

their life. !his would generally be seen as morally wrong. However, if the end of improving and

maintaining health is given a moral priority in society, then it may be justifiable to contravene

other moral demands in order to meet this goal. eparatism is based on a relativist conception of

morality that there can be different, e*ually valid moral codes that apply to different sections of

society and differences in codes between societies 0see moral relativism1. #f moral

universalism is ascribed to, then this would be inconsistent with the view that professions can

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_relativismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_universalismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_universalismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_universalismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_relativismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_universalismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_universalism


6/10

have a different moral code, as the universalist holds that there is only one valid moral code for

all.

Student ethics

$s attending school after high school graduation becomes a standard in the lives of young

people, %olleges and 2niversities are becoming more business like in their expectations of the

students. $lthough people have a differing opinion of if it is effective, surveys state that it is the

overall goal of 2niversity administrators. etting up a business atmosphere helps students

become adjusted from the more relaxed nature of high school towards what will be expected of

them in the business world upon graduation of %ollege.

Codes of conduct

%odes of conduct such as the t. 3avier %ode of %onduct are becoming more a staple in the

academic lives of students. /hile some of these rules are based solely at academics, others such

as detailing the level of respect expected towards staff and gambling are more in depth than in

previous years.


7/10

4ot only do codes of conduct apply while attending the schools at home, while studying abroad

schools also implement a code of conduct for international study abroad programs which carry

over many of the same rules found in most student handbooks.

$s a mankind, particularly (uslims, we have been created by $llah /! only for one

purpose, i.e. ibadat 0worship1 to $llah /!. !hat means, the purpose of our life is only to

worship $llah /! in every single of our life. !his ultimate life purpose has substantial

implications because every thing we do, it has to be in line with the rules of $llah 0hari5ah1.

!his cannot be viewed as a burden, because if we do follow $llah /!, we are not making H#(

as 6a greater 7od6, but we are making ourselves as a better human being in front of $llah /!

or in another word, we become !a*wa. -urther, as (uslims, we also believe in the life after the

worldly life 0al $khirat1 that we will be responsible and be asked for everything we do in this

life, whether we are doing good things or bad things.

!his has relation to the professional life of human being. $llah /! has created us

differently from animal, because $llah /! gives us a mental ability to think 05a*l1. 8y utilizing

the 5a*l, a mankind can think, create, innovate, work with others, and do everything that animal

and other creatures of $llah cannot do. -urther more, as have been mentioned earlier that #slam

is not a religion which is only applied in (asjid, but #slam is comprehensively governed every

single aspect of human5s life, including human5s professional life. #slam encourages us to work

and participate in all permissible profession. However, the problem nowadays is many


8/10

professions available in the working place are somewhat contradict with #slam. $s being

mentioned, example, by telling lies in order to secure votes, twisting the truth in order to defend

one+s client, exposing one+s 5awrah 0parts of the body that should be covered1 in order to look

smart, professional9 etc: these are totally not in line with the hari5ah.

)ealing with this issue, we are facing the dilemma of whether we just accept and tolerate

these 6modernistic professional life style6 or we still have to set our #slamic values in our

professions that is obviously difficult to be implemented in today5s life.

$s we all know, in #slam there is clear about Hallal 0permissible1 and Haram 0forbidden1.

Hallal is something good, permissible, virtue, and compliance with hari5ah. #f we do Hallal

things, it means we do observing the obligations enjoined $llah /! and those acts

recommended by Him to be performed, and refraining from those acts and sayings that are

prohibited by Him. /hereas Haram is something bad, unlawful, evil, and against the hari5ah.

6...He commands them what is good and forbids them what is evil: He allows them as lawful

what is good and forbids them from what is bad: He releases from their heavy burdens and from

the yokes that are upon them.60;ur5an, surah al$5raf"1

&egarding to this issue, obviously it is Haram to tell lies, because it means we are not

trustworthy and amanah. $s !he Prophet 0pbuh1 said" 6!he person who does not keep trust has

no iman 0faith1 and the person who does not respect his covenant 0promise1 has no religion.60al

Hadith1. #f we compete in an election, we compete to win so that we need to secure votes.

However, we should compete in the right way, i.e. just, transparent, and fair, not by telling lies to

others. #f we start to hold the amanah 0power and authority1 by dishonesty, we will not be


9/10

trustworthy leader and might create chaos and disorder to the society. !he Prohphet 0pbuh1 was

asked" 6How will the honesty be lost?6, !he Prophet 0pbuh1 said" 6/hen the power or authority

comes in the hands of unfit persons, then wait for the Hours 0doomsday1.6 0Hadith1.

#t is also not permissible for a lawyer to twist the truth in order to defend our client,

because it means that he does not secure justice toward people, i.e. engaging ourselves in tactics

that defeat the fair administration of justice, hiding the truth, and fabricating evidence. $s a

lawyer, we should defend our client to the best of our abilities with honesty and sincerity, fulfill

the contract and promises, and disclose confidential communications.

-urther more, #slam encourages people to dress properly. !hat means, we have to cover

our 5awrah properly, that is not expose the 5awrah to others. !he Prophet 0pbuh1 said" 6$ man

should not look at the 5awrah of another man, nor a woman of a woman, nor should a man go

under one cloth with another man, nor a woman with another woman,6 0Hadith, (uslim1. Our

dress must not be transparent as well 0revealing what is underneath1, and it must be loose and not

tightfitting so as to define the parts of our body. # believe, in order to look smart and

professional, we do not need to expose our 5awrah to others. 8ecause being professional is

measured by our knowledge, skills, and abilities: not judging by our physical appearance. /e

still can look smart and professional by dressing and covering 5awrah properly along with

showing our professionalism.

-inally, following what $llah has asked and avoiding what $llah has forbade will bring

benefits to us in this worldly life and Hereafter as well. $s (uslims, it is our role and obligation

to be moral and ethical person in our society by setting up our #slamic values in our selves as


10/10

well as in our professional working life. 8ecause good moral character is the spirit of #slam and

the validation of our #man. -urther more, it is also our obligation to enjoin what is right and

forbid what is evil 0alamru bil alma5ruf wa alnahyu 5an almunkar1. $s mentioned in the

;ur5an, 6!he believers, men and women, are protectors one of another: they enjoin what is right

and forbid what is evil: they observe regular prayers, practice regular charity, obey $llah and His

(essenger. On them will $llah our His mercy: for $llah is xalted in power, /ise.6 0at!aubah"

>

assigment ethics and fiqh for everyday life (ungs 2050)

Documents