Assessment of Vietnam’s Policy and Assessment of Vietnam’s Policy and Legal Framework on Contaminated Legal Framework on Contaminated

Soil MonitoringSoil Monitoring

Strengthening Contaminated Soil Monitoring in VietnamAECEN Twinning Partnership: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of

Vietnam and Ministry of Environment of Korea

Regional Consultation Workshop, 29 – 30 November 2011, Hanoi, Vietnam

Outline Outline

Assessment of policy & framework for contaminated soil monitoring in Vietnam:

• Quick analysis & assessment of the existing legal documents • Implementation efforts for issues related to contaminated soil remediation

and management• Major challenges, gaps

Technical guideline of contaminated soil monitoring

Recommendations for future collaborations (Office 33, AECEN, KMOE and other relevant organizations)

Introduction: Environmental issues Introduction: Environmental issues related to soil contamination in Vietnamrelated to soil contamination in Vietnam

Open landfill dumping sites in Asian developing countries Open landfill dumping sites in Asian developing countries

including Vietnam: potential sources of dioxins and other including Vietnam: potential sources of dioxins and other

persistent organic pollutants (POPs), heavy metals. persistent organic pollutants (POPs), heavy metals.

Agent Orange/Dioxin from former US Army Bases during Agent Orange/Dioxin from former US Army Bases during

US-Vietnam War: heavy dioxin contamination in soils, US-Vietnam War: heavy dioxin contamination in soils,

sediment, biota & human. sediment, biota & human.

POPs pesticides & their stockpiles: widespread POPs pesticides & their stockpiles: widespread

contamination throughout the countrycontamination throughout the country

Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Chennai, India

Open landfill dumping sites for municipal wastes in major Open landfill dumping sites for municipal wastes in major cities from Asian developing countries including Vietnamcities from Asian developing countries including Vietnam

CountryCountry Area Area

(ha)(ha)Capacity Capacity

(ton/day)(ton/day)

Quezon,

Philippines2323 200200

Phnom Penh, Phnom Penh,

CambodiaCambodia33 200200

Chennai, IndiaChennai, India 140140 13001300

Hanoi, VietnamHanoi, Vietnam 55 13601360

Hochiminh, Hochiminh,

VietnamVietnam 3030 40004000

- Uncontrolled burning of wastes (burning by low temperature & waste pickers - Located near human habitats

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

10000

Philippines

CambodiaIndia

Vietnam-Hanoi

Vietnam-Hochim

inh

TE

Q c

on

cen

trat

ion

(p

g/g

dry

wt.

)

(1)

(2)

(3)

50 pg TEQ/g dry wt: ATSDR

250 pg TEQ/g dry wt: Japanese Government

1000 pg TEQ/g dry wt: Japanese Standard and ATSDR, VN standard

ATSDR: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

(1) ATSDR for bioavailability, ingestion

rates, ect.

(2) Japanese Government, for continuous

monitoring necessity

(3) Japanese Standard and ATSDR

guidelines for stronger action

& research on exposure and health

studies

Dioxin residues in soils from dumping sites in Asian Dioxin residues in soils from dumping sites in Asian countries exceeds environmental guideline values countries exceeds environmental guideline values

Source: Minh et al. (2003). Environ. Sci. Technol. 37, 1493

Heavy dioxin contamination in soils, sediment, Heavy dioxin contamination in soils, sediment, biota & human from Agent Orange/Dioxin hotspotsbiota & human from Agent Orange/Dioxin hotspots

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

Former s

torage

Former lo

adingBuffe

r

Former w

ashing

SE Airbase

Sediment ta

nk

Lake ALake B

Lake C

SW Airbase corner

Pacer Ivy site

Z1 Area

Perimeter Z

1

Pond & Lake sediment

Sen Lake se

diment

Canal sedim

ent

Soil near S

en Lake

Former s

torage

Former m

ixing & lo

ading

Landfill

TE

Q C

once

ntra

tion

(pg/

g dr

y w

t)

Phu Cat, 2008 Bien Hoa, 2008 Da Nang, 2010

POPs pesticides: elevated contamination POPs pesticides: elevated contamination of DDTof DDT

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000

South Korea, urban soilVietnam, Hanoi, rural soil

Vietnam, Hochiminh, rural soilVietnam, Hanoi, dumping site soil

Vietnam, Hochiminh, dumping site soilCambodia, rural soil

Cambodia, dumping site soilIndia, rural soil

India, dumping site soilIreland, urban soil

Russia, agricultural soilSlovak Republic, waste site soil

United States, general soilUnited States (Alabama), agricultural soil

Argentina, agricultural soilEgypt, urban soil

PCBsDDTs

Concentration (ng/g dry wt)

PCBs and DDT residues in soils from different regionsin the world

Sources: Minh et al. 2008. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 193, 213-285

IntroductionIntroduction

Soil contamination remediation and management is one of Soil contamination remediation and management is one of priorities of Vietnamese Government priorities of Vietnamese Government

Contaminated soil/sedimentin Agent Orange/Dioxin at hotspots: former US Airbases,Bien Hoa, Da Nang & Phu Cat

POPs pesticides stockpiles: old storages & sites including contaminated soils: throughout the countries

Examples of major issues related to soil contaminationExamples of major issues related to soil contamination

MONRE-KMOE Twinning partnershipMONRE-KMOE Twinning partnership

Asian Environmental Compliance & Enforcement Network (AECEN): 16 Asian Countries including Vietnam

USAID

ECO-Asia Project

Office 33, MONREKorea Ministryof Environment (KMOE)

Technical exchange

Target training

Strengthen policy & practices on soil contamination monitoring

* Partnership:* Partnership:

- Promote transfer of best practices & experiences from Korea to Promote transfer of best practices & experiences from Korea to

Vietnam related to soil contamination monitoring & managementVietnam related to soil contamination monitoring & management

- Identify gaps on existing regulations related to contaminated soil Identify gaps on existing regulations related to contaminated soil

monitoring & management in Vietnam & develop recommendations monitoring & management in Vietnam & develop recommendations

to strengthen the regulations & soil monitoring practicesto strengthen the regulations & soil monitoring practices

* Outputs:* Outputs:

- Rapid assessment report on legal framework related to contaminated Rapid assessment report on legal framework related to contaminated

soil monitoring & management in Vietnamsoil monitoring & management in Vietnam

- Recommendations of contaminated soil monitoring guidelines for Recommendations of contaminated soil monitoring guidelines for

VietnamVietnam

- Capacity strengthening of issues related to contaminated soil Capacity strengthening of issues related to contaminated soil

monitoring and management (criteria, parameters for contaminated monitoring and management (criteria, parameters for contaminated

soil, procedures for establish standards & regulations, legal soil, procedures for establish standards & regulations, legal

framework for contaminated sites monitoring and management) framework for contaminated sites monitoring and management)

Objectives & OutputsObjectives & Outputs

Review of legal documents related to soil Review of legal documents related to soil contamination monitoring &contamination monitoring &

management in Vietnammanagement in Vietnam

Legal documents: law, regulations, standards Legal documents: law, regulations, standards

Law: Law on Environmental ProtectionProvisions: Environmental standards, environ. monitoringprograms, reports on status of the environment, environmental protection in agricultural production

Legal documents from Governmental level

- Political bureau

- Prime Minister

Legal documents from ministerial level

- Ministry of Natural Resources & Environment (MONRE) - Ministry of Science & Technology (MOST) - Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development (MARD)

Governmental levelGovernmental level

General environmental protection issues

Decision No. 16/2007/QD-TTgOverall national planning of monitoring networkfor natural resources & environment

Resolution No.41-NQ/TW, 2004 environmental protectionin industrialization & modernization in Vietnam

Specific issues for environ.treatment/remediation,chemical management

National strategy on environ. protection until 2010 & vision towards 2020, issued in 2003

Decision No. 64/2003/QD-TTgPlan for thoroughly treatment of the establishmentscausing serious environ. contamination

Instruction No. 17/2008/CT-TTgUrgent measures, institutional roles & respon. of ministriesto speed up the thorough treatment of the establishmentscausing serious environ. contamination

Decision No. 67/2004/QD-TTgImplementation Plan for remediation of problems causedby toxic chemicals used by the American Army during the War

Decision No. 1946/2010/QD-TTgApproval of the treatment & prevention plan for environ. pollutioncaused pesticide stockpiles

Decision No. 184/2006/QD-TTgApproval of the NIP for Stockholm Convention on POPs

Ministerial levelMinisterial levelMinistry of Natural Resources & Environment (MONRE):

03 National : - threshold level of 5 heavy metals in soil

technical - threshold level of 39 pesticides in soil

regulations - threshold of hazardous wastes

02 circulars: - Regulation on economic & technical norm

for investigation & assessment of soil quality

(Circular No. 28/2010/TT-BTNMT)

- Regulations on procedure of soil monitoring

techniques (Circular No.33/2011/TT-BTNMT)

01 decision: - Launching program on treatment &

prevention plan for environ. pollution caused

by pesticide stockpiles

(Decision No. 2357/QD-BTNMT, 2010)

13 technical 13 technical standards (TCVN) standards (TCVN)

Ministerial levelMinisterial level

Ministry of Science & Technology (MOST)

02 standards: classification of soil pollutants by chemicals, thresholds values of 5 heavy metals, 39 pesticides, & dioxins in soils from heavily contaminated hotspots

02 standard: terminology on soil quality

05 standards: different issues for soil sampling

04 standards: procedures for determination of various parameters in soils: heavy metals, PCBs, PAHs, chlorinated & phosphorous pesticides

02 Circulars: 02 Circulars:

- Regulations on management of plant protection Regulations on management of plant protection

chemicals, including verification of quality & residues of chemicals, including verification of quality & residues of

plant protection chemicalsplant protection chemicals

- List of plant protection chemicals that are allowable, List of plant protection chemicals that are allowable,

restricted and prohibited to use in Vietnam restricted and prohibited to use in Vietnam

Ministerial levelMinisterial level

Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development (MARD)

Hierarchy of legal documents on environmental protection & Hierarchy of legal documents on environmental protection & management including those related to soil contaminationmanagement including those related to soil contamination

Resolution No.41-NQ/TW, 2004 environmental protectionin industrialization & modernization in Vietnam

National strategy on environ. protection until 2010 & vision towards 2020, issued in 2003

Decision No. 64/2003/QD-TTgPlan for thoroughly treatment of the establishments causing serious environ. contamination

Decision No. 1946/2010/QD-TTgApproval of the treatment & prevention plan for environ. pollutioncaused pesticide stockpiles

Decision No. 184/2006/QD-TTgApproval of the NIP for Stockholm Convention on POPs

Decision No. 2357/QD-BTNMT, 2010Launching Program on treatment & preventionfor environ. pollution caused by pesticides stockpiles during 2010-2015

Decision No. 16/2007/QD-TTgOverall national planning of monitoring network for natural resources & environment

Instruction No. 17/2008/CT-TTgUrgent measures, to speed up the thorough treatment of the establishments causing serious environ. contamination

Decision No. 67/2004/QD-TTgImplementation Plan for remediation of problems caused by toxic chemicals used by the American Army during the War

Analysis & assessment Analysis & assessment

Issues need to address/discussIssues need to address/discuss

Power, effectiveness of the legal documentsPower, effectiveness of the legal documents: Do they have enough : Do they have enough

legal power to cover most important issues related to environmental legal power to cover most important issues related to environmental

protection including soil contamination? Gaps, overlapping?protection including soil contamination? Gaps, overlapping?

Technical aspects: technical regulations and standardsTechnical aspects: technical regulations and standards: Are they : Are they

technically enough to cover relevant issues? And do they have good technically enough to cover relevant issues? And do they have good

topicality, technical quality and timely update?topicality, technical quality and timely update?

National capability for implementation of the legal regulations and National capability for implementation of the legal regulations and

implementation effectivenessimplementation effectiveness: Do governmental & national : Do governmental & national

agencies/institutions have enough capability to implement the agencies/institutions have enough capability to implement the

regulations and how effective it is? regulations and how effective it is?

Power & effectiveness of the legal documentsPower & effectiveness of the legal documents

Complicated legal system, overlapping in Complicated legal system, overlapping in

functions/mandates of agenciesfunctions/mandates of agencies

Change and update often, sometimes due to low quality of Change and update often, sometimes due to low quality of

the drafting process, thus affect the implementation the drafting process, thus affect the implementation

When legal documents have good quality, the application When legal documents have good quality, the application

still remains weak due to lack of capacity of agencies, still remains weak due to lack of capacity of agencies,

financial resources, equipment & technologyfinancial resources, equipment & technology

Currently no comprehensive and systematic legal Currently no comprehensive and systematic legal

framework or documents specifically designed for soil framework or documents specifically designed for soil

contamination monitoring & managementcontamination monitoring & management

ExampleExample

Decision No. 64/2003/QD-TTgPlan for thoroughly treatment of the establishments causing serious environ. contamination (including pesticide stockpiles)

Instruction No. 17/2008/CT-TTgUrgent measures, to speed up the thorough treatment of the establishments causing serious environ. Contamination(including pesticide stockpiles)

Decision No. 1946/2010/QD-TTgApproval of the treatment & prevention plan for environ. pollutioncaused pesticide stockpiles

Decision No. 2357/QD-BTNMT, 2010Launching Program on treatment & prevention for environ. pollution caused by pesticides stockpiles during 2010-2015

Similar/overlapping issue:

treatment & prevention plan for

environ. pollution caused by

pesticide stockpiles

Some overlapping issues in Decisions regarding treatment plan of the establishments causing serious environmental pollution & pesticide stockpiles

Technical aspects: regulations & standardsTechnical aspects: regulations & standards

Many technical standards (TCVN) are available for threshold levels of Many technical standards (TCVN) are available for threshold levels of

chemicals in soils, soil sampling techniques, chemical analysis of chemicals in soils, soil sampling techniques, chemical analysis of

pollutants in soils, but information scattered and there is lack of pollutants in soils, but information scattered and there is lack of

comprehensive and synchronous system of actions and solutions specific comprehensive and synchronous system of actions and solutions specific

for soil contamination monitoring for soil contamination monitoring

Some existing technical standards (TCVN) is outdated and need to be Some existing technical standards (TCVN) is outdated and need to be

updated, such as methods for determination of chemical parametersupdated, such as methods for determination of chemical parameters

Existing standards and regulations are still sometimes overlapped and not Existing standards and regulations are still sometimes overlapped and not

complementarycomplementary

Lack of technical regulations on threshold levels of important toxic Lack of technical regulations on threshold levels of important toxic

chemicals in soils such as POPs (PCBs, PAHs) and heavy metals (Hg, Ni, chemicals in soils such as POPs (PCBs, PAHs) and heavy metals (Hg, Ni,

Cr …)Cr …)

Standards for dioxins are available in soils/sediments from heavily Standards for dioxins are available in soils/sediments from heavily

contaminated hotspots, but not for general sites. contaminated hotspots, but not for general sites.

Lack of a synchronous system of criteria for monitoring, management and Lack of a synchronous system of criteria for monitoring, management and

remediation (such as level of concern & action level)remediation (such as level of concern & action level)

ExampleExample

MOST:TCVN 5300:2009. Soil quality – classification of soil polluted by chemicals (MOST)

MONRE:National technical regulations on thresholdof heavy metals and pesticides in soils: QCVN 03:2008 & QCVN15:2008/BTNMT

Similar content:threshold levels of 5 heavy metals &39 pesticides:

Gaps: - Classification of soil polluted by chemicalsonly based on levels of 5 heavy metals & 39 pesticides- No other important chemical pollutants?- Overlapping in function/mandate of issuing agencies

ExampleExample

Circular No.28/2010/TT-BTNMT: Regulation on the economic and Circular No.28/2010/TT-BTNMT: Regulation on the economic and

technical norm for investigation & assessment of soil quality. technical norm for investigation & assessment of soil quality.

- Some regulations on technical aspects on investigations and Some regulations on technical aspects on investigations and

assessment of soil quality available: sampling techniques, physical, assessment of soil quality available: sampling techniques, physical,

pedologic and chemical parameters; but not comprehensive & pedologic and chemical parameters; but not comprehensive &

technically detailed, lack of clear objectivestechnically detailed, lack of clear objectives

- On the other hand: very detailed economic & technical norm: content of On the other hand: very detailed economic & technical norm: content of

work, equipment and consumable materials: too much details that give work, equipment and consumable materials: too much details that give

feeling unpractical to implement or even sometime unnecessary feeling unpractical to implement or even sometime unnecessary

National capability for implementation of the legal National capability for implementation of the legal regulations and implementation effectivenessregulations and implementation effectiveness

Lack of technical expertise & capacities, budget constrains are barrier for Lack of technical expertise & capacities, budget constrains are barrier for effective implementation of legal requirementseffective implementation of legal requirements

Lack of proper awareness of the necessity of interested issues (soil Lack of proper awareness of the necessity of interested issues (soil contamination monitoring)contamination monitoring)

Lack of effective coordination, unclear division of responsibility and Lack of effective coordination, unclear division of responsibility and conflicting mandates conflicting mandates

Decision No. 64/2003/QD-TTgPlan for thoroughly treatment of the establishments causing serious environ. contamination (including pesticide stockpiles)

Instruction No. 17/2008/CT-TTgUrgent measures, to speed up the thorough treatment of the establishments causing serious environ. contamination (including pesticide stockpiles)

Due to slow and not quite effective implementation

Example:

Current situation of contaminated soil Current situation of contaminated soil monitoring & management in Vietnammonitoring & management in Vietnam

Results obtained for soil management in Vietnam

- Economic and regulative tools were established for protection of soil

environment: Strategies, circulars, laws, plans, decisions, guidelines …

focus on the following issues:

+ Management, collection & treatment of wastes, hazardous wastes

+ Sound management and effective use of chemicals, collection and

treatment of pesticides, treatment of obsolete pesticide stockpiles

+ Environmental protection of urban, industrial areas, trade villages

+ Management and control of pollution sources, establishments causing

environmental problems

+ Environmental impact assessment

+ Land use planning and some others including protection of soil

+ Economic norms for different issues related to wastewater and solid

water, fee for environmental protection in mining, manufacture, business,

etc.

Key gaps & challengesKey gaps & challenges

Lack: a synchronous system solutions & actions

Soil contamination monitoring

Lack: updated technical standardsfor thresholds & procedures

Lack: technical capability

Lack: consistent & consensusamong issuing authorities

Gaps in soil management in Vietnam

- Lack of specific and concrete regulations on soil management in

existing legal documents in Vietnam

- There is no strategic plan for environmental soil management in

Vietnam

+ How to have good management for each type of soil to mitigate

adverse impacts due to natural and anthropogenic factors

+ Appropriate measures to remediate degraded and

contaminated soil

+ How to deal with land/areas with serious soil contamination

- Currently no comprehensive and systematic legal framework or Currently no comprehensive and systematic legal framework or

documents specifically designed for contaminated soil monitoring & documents specifically designed for contaminated soil monitoring &

managementmanagement

Implementation efforts on issues related Implementation efforts on issues related to soil contamination monitoring & to soil contamination monitoring &

remediation in Vietnamremediation in Vietnam

National environmental monitoring network established in 1994, comprising 03 soil

monitoring stations

03 soil monitoring stations: North, central & south

Ministry of Science, Tech & Environment (former MONRE & MOST)

Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development (MARD)

31 chemical parameters can be analyzed in soils

North: 01 Ph.D., 3 Msc, 4 eng.

Central: 1 Ph.D., 3 Msc, 3 eng

South: 01 Ph.D., 01 Msc, 5 eng.

Equipment:-AAS, GC/MS, HPLC- Sampling equipment

Contaminated soil/sedimentin Agent Orange/Dioxin at hotspots:

POPs pesticides stockpiles

Legal documents: -02 Decisions from Prime Minister-National action plan for environmental remediation drafted

Actions:-Monitoring programs (Ministry of Defense, Office 33 & Inter. Agencies, companies)-Isolation, containment programs of dioxin contaminated soils-GEF-UNDP Project: environ. Remediation of AO/dioxin contaminated hotspots

Legal documents: -01 Decisions from Prime Minister & 01 decision from MONRE

Actions:-Monitoring programs to identify stockpiles (VEA, MONRE & research institutes)-Isolation, containment programs of pesticides contaminated soils-GEF-UNDP Project: Sound management and disposal of POPs pesticides stockpiles

Efforts to tackles issues

Two major issues: Agent Orange/dioxin at contaminated hotspots & POPs pesticides stockpiles

Implementation effectivenessImplementation effectiveness

AO/Dioxin: AO/Dioxin:

- Research and technology programs: Soil monitoring & remediation Research and technology programs: Soil monitoring & remediation

from hotspots: Bien Hoa, Da Nang, Phu Cat airbases: MOD, Office 33, from hotspots: Bien Hoa, Da Nang, Phu Cat airbases: MOD, Office 33,

10-80 Committee, International agencies, consulting companies10-80 Committee, International agencies, consulting companies

- Reduction of dioxins levels in soils and other environmental mediaReduction of dioxins levels in soils and other environmental media

POPs pesticides stockpiles: POPs pesticides stockpiles:

- Extensive surveys to identify more than 200 sites throughout the Extensive surveys to identify more than 200 sites throughout the

countries: old storages and sites including contaminated soilscountries: old storages and sites including contaminated soils

- Chemical treatment and isolation of pesticide stockpiles in some Chemical treatment and isolation of pesticide stockpiles in some

hotspots: Nghe An provincehotspots: Nghe An province

Technical guideline for contaminated Technical guideline for contaminated soil monitoringsoil monitoring

General provisionsGeneral provisions

• Overall objectivesOverall objectives

• Scope of applicationScope of application

• Definition and terminologyDefinition and terminology

Criteria for contaminated soilsCriteria for contaminated soils

• Classification of soilClassification of soil

• Classification of contaminated soilClassification of contaminated soil

Technical guidelines for implementation of contaminated soil Technical guidelines for implementation of contaminated soil monitoringmonitoring

• General requirement for contaminated soil monitoring techniquesGeneral requirement for contaminated soil monitoring techniques

• Technical content of contaminated soil monitoring techniquesTechnical content of contaminated soil monitoring techniques

Technical guideline for contaminated Technical guideline for contaminated soil monitoringsoil monitoring

General provisionGeneral provision- Objectives, scope of application, definitionsObjectives, scope of application, definitions

Objectives:Objectives: Detailed technical guidelines for procedure of monitoring contaminated Detailed technical guidelines for procedure of monitoring contaminated

soilsoil

Scope of applicationScope of application: similar to those applied for draft circular on general soil : similar to those applied for draft circular on general soil

monitoring procedure: state agencies in charge of environmental management at monitoring procedure: state agencies in charge of environmental management at

national and sub-national levels, environment monitoring stations and any national and sub-national levels, environment monitoring stations and any

entities and individuals involved in soil monitoring and reporting monitoring data entities and individuals involved in soil monitoring and reporting monitoring data

and results to national and sub-national environment authorities.and results to national and sub-national environment authorities.

Criteria for contaminated soilCriteria for contaminated soil• Classification of soil: 5 land-use categories Classification of soil: 5 land-use categories

Agriculture Agriculture IndustryIndustry Recreation and residential Recreation and residential Forestry Forestry Commercial and service Commercial and service

• Classification of contaminated soil: based on frequency of Classification of contaminated soil: based on frequency of detection and contamination levels of 39 pesticides and 5 detection and contamination levels of 39 pesticides and 5 heavy metalsheavy metals

Heavily contaminatedHeavily contaminated Medially contaminated Medially contaminated Mildly contaminated Mildly contaminated

Technical guideline for contaminated Technical guideline for contaminated soil monitoringsoil monitoring

Technical content of the guidelines for implementation of contaminated soil monitoringTechnical content of the guidelines for implementation of contaminated soil monitoring

• Principle of site investigationPrinciple of site investigation

• Preparation for fieldwork and samplingPreparation for fieldwork and sampling

• Principle of collection of representative samplePrinciple of collection of representative sample

• Sample handling and transportSample handling and transport

• Procedure for decontaminationProcedure for decontamination

• Field QA/QCField QA/QC

• Laboratory analysisLaboratory analysis

• Sample handling in the laboratorySample handling in the laboratory

• Sample preparation/treatment methods/proceduresSample preparation/treatment methods/procedures

• Analytical methodsAnalytical methods

• Data reporting Data reporting

Technical guideline for contaminated Technical guideline for contaminated soil monitoringsoil monitoring

Technical guideline for contaminated Technical guideline for contaminated soil monitoringsoil monitoring

Principle & procedure for site investigation (survey)

Procedure for preparation of fieldwork and sampling

Procedure in the laboratory: sample preparation/treatment, analytical methods

Data interpretation and reporting

Content of guidelines for contaminated soil monitoring

Recommendations for future collaborations Recommendations for future collaborations

Establish/develop national framework/strategy for contaminated land management

Technical assistance & investment for monitoring and pilot treatment/remediation of contaminated environment

Tackle problems related to contaminated

environment

Establish official guidance documents for monitoring of contaminated soil Contribution to the establishment of the overall national framework for

contaminated land management Creating comprehensive framework/strategy Capacity building for technical and management staffs for

land/contaminated site management: exchange training courses,

joint local and regional workshops, conferences, etc

Development of technical assistance framework for monitoring of soil, water,

air contamination and pilots for treatment/remediation technology Monitoring of contamination: exchange trainings, field surveys

programs for monitoring of soil, water, air environment for important

parameters (heavy metals, POPs, Investments for pilot for treatment/remediation of contaminated

site hotspots of pollution (POPs pesticides & dioxin hotspots)

Future collaboration proposalsFuture collaboration proposals

Thank you!Thank you!