• NDT is a specialized branch of engineering science which uses non-invasive techniques to determine the integrity of a material, component or structure without impairing its usefulness.

• It is an integral part of Quality Assurance and Quality Control.

• It confirms quality of materials such as structural beams, pipes, plates, valves, nozzles etc. used in construction of industrial equipment’s.

Introduction

• It also confirms quality of fabrication and joining process where testing of welds is of major importance.

• General procedure for NDT has given in ASME Section V and engineers have to follow these procedures for each NDT methods.

• Hence NDT training and certification is a must for QA/QC Engineers.

Liquid Penetrant Testing

• Liquid penetrate inspection is a NDT method which does not harm the samples or parts being inspected.

• LPT test is very effective in detecting porosity, cracks, fractures, laps, seams and other flaws that are open to the surface of the test piece and may be caused by fatigue, impact, quenching, machining, grinding, forging, bursts, shrinkage or overload.

• As a result, it is often used on lots of machined parts, as well as Weldments, manufactured products, castings, forgings and other items that will be placed into service.

Magnetic Particle Testing

• Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI) also called as Magnetic Particle Testing (MPT) is a NDT method for the detection of surface and sub-surface discontinuities in ferrous materials.

• MPT test involves application of magnetic field externally or applying electric current through the material which in turn produces magnetic flux in the material.

• Simultaneously, visible ferrous particles are sprinkled or sprayed on the test surface

Radiography Testing

• Radiographic testing is a NDT method and the term radiography testing usually implies a radiographic process that produces a permanent image on film or paper.

• Although in a broad sense it refers to all forms of radiographic testing.

• It is performed on the components and assemblies based on the phenomena differential absorption of penetrating radiation– either by X-rays or Gamma rays by the part or test piece being tested.

Ultrasonic Testing

• The Ultrasonic Testing in NDT use beams of mechanical waves (vibrations) of short wave length and high frequency to test mainly welds and casts.

• These are transmitted from a small probe in contact with the surface of the specimen and detected by the same or other probes.

• Such mechanical vibrations have different forms depending on the direction of particle movement in the wave motion, so there are several forms of ultrasonic waves.

Visual Testing• A Visual Inspection or visual examination of objects,

parts or components is the oldest and reliable non-Destructive testing method.

• The test is applied to almost every product as a quality assurance tool.

• The most detrimental unacceptable discontinuities in the objects or items are the surface opening discontinuities.

• Visual scanning, inspection or testing can successfully detect these unacceptable surface discontinuities without applying expensive test methods.

RTFI Level ll• This course is designed for the certified level II RT

personnel.

• Various codes and standards are included along with a number of Radiographs containing natural defects.

• (ASME Sec VIII, API 1104, AWS D 1.1, ASME B 31.3) Radiographic films with natural and artificial discontinuities in welds are being provided for the practical.

• Detailed acceptance – rejection criteria are being discussed during the class for a thorough understanding of the subject.