asa industry briefing & round table - transport for …...2015/04/14 · asa industry briefing...

–

April 2015

ASA Industry Briefing & Round Table

Completing the Jigsaw – Systems Engineering, Human Factors and Total Asset Management

MLC Centre, Sydney

ASA Industry Briefing & Round Table Completing the Jigsaw – MLC Centre, 14 Apr 15 | 1

– ASA Industry Briefing & Round Table Completing the Jigsaw – MLC Centre, 14 Apr 15 | 2

Welcome Nick Berry, Manager Industry Engagement

April 2014

–

Emergency evacuation procedure


–

Scope • Introduction

• Jim Modrouvanos, Director Asset Standards Authority

• Systems Engineering / Activity • Richard Fullalove, Manager Systems Engineering Process

• Human Factors

• Gareth Hughes, Manager Human Factors • Airdrie Long, Senior Human Factors Specialist

• Activity

• Stuart Hughes, Human Factors Specialist

• Wrap up • Mark Smith, Principal Manager Industry & Technical Development


–


Introduction…completing the jigsaw Jim Modrouvanos, Director, Asset Standards Authority

April 2014

–

Assurance - set of structured and planned activities conducted through asset life cycle providing

progressive justified confidence that objectives are being achieved and that asset is or will be fit for

purpose


–

Many p ieces to build….but do they m ake sense?


–

YOU?

The complete picture – a work in progress…


–

Systems Engineering Richard Fullalove, Manager Systems Engineering Process

ASA Industry Briefing & Round Table Completing the Jigsaw – MLC Centre, 14 Apr 15 | 9April 2014

–

Agenda

• Part 1: Systems Engineering – Broader SE perspective – Outline of SE standards and guides – SE within the Asset Management Framework – Expectations on AEOs

• Part 2: Operational Concept – Focus on the front end, why an OCD? – Process and artefacts – Key OCD topics

• Roundtable activity & questions


–


Systems Engineering – the need

• The need to manage complexity is apparent • Government and industry need a common systems

approach to plan and acquire effective and efficient transport system solutions

• Systems engineering (SE) provides the framework, methods and tools to solve complex problems and to plan, acquire, operate and maintain complex systems

• SE is a multi-disciplinary approach that identifies and coordinates all the effort required to deliver an optimised system that meets intended capabilities


Broader SE perspective

• SE is a methodology that deals with high level of system novelty, complexity and risk

• SE is essential to assure planning and acquisition of new or altered transport systems

• Future transport capability cannot be delivered without an SE approach

• SE supports Total Asset Management policy • SE lifecycle aligns with the full asset lifecycle • SE starts early, addresses “whole of life”


What is a System? INTEGRATED MULTI-MODAL TRANSPORT SYSTEM

RAIL TRANSPORT SYSTEM

ROAD TRANSPORT SYSTEM (E.G. ROADS & TRAFFIC

AUTHORITY + TOLL ROAD OPERATORS)

MARITIME TRANSPORT SYSTEM

(E.G. SYDNEY FERRIES + SYDNEY PORTS)

Interfac

es

Interfaces

Interfaces

Ticketing System

Rail Traffic Control System

Traction Power Distr

System

Station Managemt

System

Trainborne System Vehicle

Body System

Ventilation & Heating

System

Propulsion System

Train Comms system

Braking System

Train Driver and

Guard

Train Control System

Rail Traffic Controllers

Rail Network Comms

AIR TRANSPORT SYSTEM (E.G. SYDNEY AIRPORT +

AIR SERVICES AUSTRALIA + AIRLINES)

Interfaces

Interface

s

Inte

rface

s

–

Electrical Bulk Supplier Transmission Grid

HV Feeders

Traction feed

Accident Investigators

Ambulance UtilitiesHazMat Industry ONRSR

Electrical Bulk Supplier

Manage Driver Rostering Stabling Yard Security Ops

Presentation Services DutyManage Electrical

ManagerBulk Supply Yard-Fleet Depot Stabling Yard OpsYard Security

Fleet Present

YardDepot Manage FreightStaffBulk Supply Sub-ARTC Yard OpsMasterPolice EPA Commerce ADF Stabling Yard TerminalSES Traction Sub StaffFreight Ops StaffStabling YardClients Ops Interfaces to

Train-Yard External PartiesHeritage Domestic Councils Bulk SupplyFire FreightMaintainNetwork Mgmt- Train-Fleet Depot WorkCover Substation Fleet AssetsBulk Supplier Terminal Network Mgmt-External stakeholders

Control Infra Fleet DepotManage Rail Network Maintenance

R’Stock Fleet Depot MovementsMaintainer Depot

NetworkLine Management Manage Depot Ops Staff Mgmt Fleet Depot Manager

Line Infra Mgmt ControlElectrical Network Switching Signaller-Yard

Fleet Depot Security OpsElectrical Signaller-Train DrivingOHWDepotControl Fleet Depot

SecurityOperator EOC-Substation DriverSwitch Local Traction PowerLine Control-Train ProtectionRail Network Security Ops Train Security Ops

OfficerLocal Control of Security Network/Line On-Train & Platform-Train Ops Traction Supply LocalManagement Guard

Traction TractionSignaller-Line Control CateringSectionOperator Staff Catering Services (intercity)

Hut Authorised CommuterSubstation Use services SCC Security Ops

Person on track Infra Control-Electrical Depot

Authorised activities (survey, Maintain SCC install, test, maintain...)

Telecom Systems Control LocalStation-Train Substation- CER TelecomsSecurity Signaller-Train Electrical Depot Maintainer Telecom

Maintain SCC Signalling Systems Infra Control-

Civil/Track Depot OperationalSignal Signaller-Maintainer Use Station services InterfaceStationInfra Control-

Sig/Tel Depot CommuterSignalling Ops in Station Security

Control Area Revenue ProtectionSignal Signal/Area Ops OperationalOperator Role

Protection RevenueControl

Electrical KeyRevenue Collection Security Maintenance

Staff Station Ops Revenue ElectricalStation CollectionSignals MaintainerDTRS ManagerSignaller-Sig/Tel Depot Platform Platform Ops Station/Stop Electrical Interchange

Staff Depot

Control Local Ops Interfaces to Signalling Other Transport ModesSER

Rapid Protection

Track Staff protection Transit

Staff on track

Transport Projects Active Light Rail

Walking TransitTransport Sydney Serv Trains

State Threaten self-harm, Planning & Transit Country Taxi Bus Air

Unauthorised Station Car Customer NWRL

Programs Person on track

trespass, vandalism, Exper Author Rail OpCoPark Netw Telecom Assets

Policy

Maintaintheft, terrorism

NSW ActiveFreight & CarTrains Cycle Maintain

Telecom Maintain & Reg RegionalMaintainMaintainer FerryTrack AssetsCivil Assets Dev

Signal Assets TrackSignal Signal/Telecom Civil Civil/Track Maintainer

MaintainerMaintainer Depot Internal stakeholders Other transport modes

Depot

Line Control-Station

The Railway as a System


–

What is Systems Engineering?

• An interdisciplinary approach and means to enable the realisation of successful systems • INCOSE:

– define customer needs and functionality, – document requirements, – design synthesis – system verification & validation – consider complete problem: operations, cost,

schedule, performance, training, support, test, manufacturing, and disposal


–

SE Life Cycle

CMAAC Gates

Gate 1 Reqmnts complete

Gate 3 For

Construction

Gate 0 Initiation (Need)

AcceptNeed Concept Specify Procure Design Build Integrate Operate and Maintain Dispose

Concept Development Production Utilisation and Support Retirement

Verification (System)

Verification (System Interfaces)

Material Procurement, Fabrication / Manufacturing Construction / Installation

Unit Level Inspection

& Test

Unit Level Design,

Final Design

OCD/MCD, Service Design

Define Need, early Con Ops,

draft T/T

Subsystem Integration

& Test

System Integration

& Test

Disposal planning & executionSystem Validation

Verification (Subsystem Level)

Verification (Unit Level)

System Validation & Acceptance

Subsystem Design

Sys Design, Physical

Architecture

Ref Design, SRS, Funct Architecture

Operate & Maintain (Replace, Refurbish,

Renew, Upgrade)

Plan Acquire Operate/Maintain

Gate 2 Initial

Design

SystemDefinition

Gate 4 Ready to

Test

Gate 6 Asset

Review

Syst

em In

tegr

atio

n/Re

alis

atio

n

Gate 5 Accept Assets

Dispose

Feasibility, Business

Case, BRS

Exploratory

Evolve

System Reqts Validation

System Design Verification

Subsystem Design Verification

Unit Design Verification

Build Verification


Phy

sica

l/Sol

utio

n V

iew

O&M Agency

PPD

CED/FRD TSD

O&M Agency

CED/FRD TSD

TPD

Supply Chain (AEOs) Design/Build/Integrate/Test

Demand Analysis Strategic Goals

Ops & Maint Concept Business Case

Business Requirements

System Requirements

Procure, Fabricate, Manufacture

Site Installation & Assembly

Sub-system Integrate & Test

Network Integration Test & Commission

Validate, Accept & Hand-back validate

verify

validate

Operate & Maintain

Measure Performance

Stakeholder engagement

Lifecycle stage transition

System life cycle stage

System Integrate & Test

Disposal

Sys

tem

/Fun

ctio

nal V

iew

System Implementation/Realisation System Definition & Design

CED: Customer Experience Div FRD: Freight & Regional Develop TSD: Transport Services Div TPD: Transport Projects Div AEO: Authorised Eng Organisation

Systems Architecture

(Prelim Design)

Sub-system Detailed Design

Assembly Level (Detailed Design)

verify

Component Level Final Design

AFC

verify

verify

verify

Plan Acquire Operate/Maintain Dispose

verify

verify

verify

–

SE Life Cycle - who does what, when?


–

Draft / in progress

Published on ASA website

AEO Guide to Engineer

Mgmt

AEO Authoris

Requirmts

To be done

To publish Apr 2015

EMC Mgmt

Standard (RISSB)

SE Guide

SE Standard

OCD Standard

Published Mar 2015

Published Dec 2014

MCD Standard

AEO Guide to RAMS

AEO Guide to Systems Integrate

AEO Guide to Verific & Validat’n

AEO Guide to

HF Integrate

AEO Guide to Sys Arch Design

AEO Guide to Reqt Def & Analys

BRS Develop Guide

Reqts Schema Standard

SRS Develop Guide

Transport Network

Arch models

Develop of Trans Net Arch

model

MCD Template

OCD Template

OCD Develop Guide

MCD Develop Guide

To publish May 2015

SE Standards & Guides

http://www.asa.transport.nsw.gov.au/ts/asa-standards ASA Industry Briefing & Round Table Completing the Jigsaw – MLC Centre, 14 Apr 15 | 18

http://www.asa.transport.nsw.gov.au/ts/asa-standards

–

NSW Government

TfN SW Management Organisation

TfNSW Asset Management I

Context - Asset Management Framework


–

Expectations on AEOs

• Recognise that the railway is a complex system • Recognise that SE is just engineering,

systematically, the way it should be done • Recognise SE as a risk mitigation approach • Adopt a scalable SE approach • If not an SE specialist, then at least understand:

– Why it is needed (e.g. RAM, EMC, HFI) – When to apply in overall engineering lifecycle – Who to engage (SME)

• Commit to growing SE capability maturity of transport industry


–

How will the new driverless trains operate?

How will the new signalled stabling yard operate?

How will the new ROC operate?

Operational Concept - focus on the front end


–

Why is an OCD needed?

• Costs $ to operate a railway over its life • Business Case = whole-of-life cost (CapEx + OpEx) • Define operations and support assets and resources • Need an Ops Concept framework • The OCD must support and derive the Business Case • The OCD informs the Business Requirements • The OCD should be a reference point throughout • Not every project needs an OCD! • OCD is a living document – regularly updated


–

• Costs $ to operate a railway over its life • Business Case = whole-of-life cost (CapEx + OpEx) • Define operations and support assets and resources • Need an Ops Concept framework • The OCD must support and derive the Business Case • The OCD informs the Business Requirements • The OCD should be a reference point throughout • Not every project needs an OCD! • OCD is a living document – regularly updated

OCD – living document – changes managed


–

+ Operational Service Levels

+ opscon Scope/ Application

+ OpsCon Development Operational Performance Capability

+ Line-specific Operations

+ Operational Users Ops Concept Framework

+ Operations Migration Operational Scenarios/Processes

+ Operating Modes

+ Operating Assets

+ Operating Constraints

Transport Objectives +

Future Capability +

Rationale for Change +

Network Management Operations +

Line Management Operations +

Signal/ Area Control Operations +

Traction Switching Operations +

Stabling Yard Operations +

Fleet Depot Operations +

Train Operations +

Station Operations +

Operational Concept Framework


–

Systems

Fleet SRS

Infra SRS

Systems

Fleet BRS

Infra BRS

SRS (per

stage)

BRS (per

stage)

Ops Concept (Overall)

OCDs (per

stage)

Transport Master Plan

Transport Policy & Strategy

Systems

Fleet OCD

Infra OCD

Service Design & Models

Business Reqts

(Overall)

Time Tables

(interim/ final)

Business Case

(Overall)

Transport Planning Artefacts - Portfolio Level


–

OCD/MCD Development Process up to BRS (summary) FR

DFR

DTP

DTP

D

AS

AA

SA

O

&M

O&

M

PP

DP

PD

TS

DTS

D

CE

DC

ED Customer Feedback

Demand Analysis

Operational Concept Development

Maintenance Concept Development

Business Case Development

Business Requirements

Input, Review, Advise & Agree (OpEx)

Review & Advise

Input, Review, Advise & Agree (CapEx)

Service Design

Issue BRS

Freight Demand

OCD development process up to BRS


–

OCD Topic: Operational Capabilities

• Transport system capability objectives: – Capacity (e.g. 10,000 commuters/hour) – Journey Time Capability (e.g. 20 mins) – Reliability, Availability, Maintainability – Safety

• Operational capability metrics for assets: – Stabling (e.g. number of roads/trains…) – Fleet (e.g. speed, acceleration, load, capacity…) – Infrastructure (e.g. structure gauge, axle loads…) – Electrification (e.g. peak traction current...) – Signalling & Control (e.g. headway…) – Telecommunications (e.g. no. of subscribers…)


–

Guards

OCD Topic: Operational Users

Passengers Station St aff

Drivers

Platform Staff Signallers Line Controllers


–

OCD Topic: Operational Assets

Interchanges Stabling Yards

Substations Maintenance

Depots

Signal Control


–

OCD Topic: Operational Scenarios

• Network Operations • Fleet Depot Operations • Line Operations • Signalling Operations • Electrical Switching Operatio• Stabling Yard Operations • Train Operations • Station Operations

Consider Human Factors!

ns


–

OCD Topic: Operating Modes

• Normal (default) • Interim/Special (special events) • Degraded (function/performance reduction) • Emergency (function/performance loss) • Maintenance or Possession

Consider Human Factors! ASA Industry Briefing & Round Table Completing the Jigsaw – MLC Centre, 14 Apr 15 | 31

–

. .. .. . . . . .. ' - . ' . . .. ..

t' ' I 1 I ' '

~ J

0 0' ' ' I o • • • o I'' t' '

. ' •I

8-1)11115111~& f mll)lllo!ir.'J PAl¥11lgl'H'Mrt

..... .. . '. ' ..

•I ' • '' ' ' '

~1 ~" ~E-

. · · ' · · ·' · · • Bi . --. . . .. . . ~ r " J ~

"'

St·•'klc & Em~rq

'illl"aljllllTllllT:

Emergency mode scenario


–

OCD Topic: Operations Migration

• Define Existing Operations (Baseline zero) • Future Operations (Interim configurations) • Future Operations (Final baseline) • Migration Arrangements

– Staffing (numbers, competency) – Safety arrangements – Information – Process – Systems

• The OCD affects AEO decisions later in project lifecycle

Consider Human Factors!



Round Table Activity

• Consider what was covered; any queries/issues?

• What do your organisations currently do in SE?

• Where are the perceived gaps?

• What would you like to know more about?

– ASA Industry Briefing & Round Table Completing the Jigsaw – MLC Centre, 14 Apr 15 | 35 April 2014

Human Factors Gareth Hughes, Manager Human Factors Airdrie Long, Senior Human Factors Specialist Stuart Hughes, Human Factors Specialist


Systems Engineering

• An interdisciplinary approach and means to enable the realization of successful systems

• Some of these disciplines include: – Sustainability – Human Factors


Sustainability and Systems Engineering

• Interdisciplinary approach and whole of life thinking is key to sustainable decisions

• Sustainable thinking should influence all engineering decisions

• Sustainability needs to be considered at the earliest stages of a project in order to gain the most benefit, and revisited at key project stages

• Sustainability encompasses three aspects: environmental, social and economic


What is Human Factors?

• It is the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of the interactions among humans and other elements of a system and the profession, that applies: theory, principles, data, and methods

to design in order to optimise system performance and human well-being


Human Factors Integration (HFI) in Systems Engineering

• Human factors integration is the formal process to integrate human factors into the system-engineering life cycle.

• It applies: – A systematic scientific approach

• It involves: – Identification, tracking, and resolution of human-system

related issues • To ensure:

– the balanced development of both the technological and human aspects of operational capability to deliver good overall system performance

• HFI – not just about safety

–


HFI Supporting Documentation for AEOs

• Human Factors Integration – General Requirements (T MU HF 00001 ST)

• Human Factors Integration – Rolling Stock (T HR HF 0001 ST)

• AEO Guide to Human Factors Integration (T MU HF 00001 GU)

• These documents are – Aimed at non HF Specialists – A total of 68 pages of action packed content! – Crammed with handy hints and tips for improving system

performance – Download and view for FREE today and every day from the

ASA website

–

ASA HFI focuses at design

AEO’s HFI produces good overall asset

performance


ASA HFI focus The ASA is interested in the delivered asset so that it is both operable and

maintainable as well as being safe to operate and maintain, whilst delivering good overall performance


Simple concept – Massive problems

Valve Indication

Do you think this means the valve is CLOSED?

Think again!

It simply meant that a signal had been sent to close the valve

–

Easy access! Nightmare!!

Not including HF during Design • Three Mile Island control room • ‘91 Toyota Twin Cam Corolla SX oil filter

access • Glare on driver’s screen • Train driver RSI/OOS

Staffing Errors Efficiency Operability Maintainability


–

Some projects require more complex HFI than others…

For example: Rolling Stock • high levels of complex human

interactions • interaction with multiple user

groups – Operations and

maintenance staff (crew controllers, cleaners…)

– Range of customers – Management

• lots physical design requirements



Some projects require simpler HFI than others…

For example: Car Parks • Simple human-interactions

– Customers – Security and maintenance

staff • Standardised configurations

(see T MU HF 00001 ST & GU for further information)


Lessons learnt from AEOs – doing HFI?

• Formal knowledge of Human Factors and its integration in industry varies but is generally low

• Some organisations: – are doing elements of HFI but do not realise these are HF

activities – think they are doing HFI but in reality it is:

o Human Resources o Internal WHS (their own people)

• There is a perception that HFI is just about safety.


Lessons learnt - HFI and Safety in Design • For projects at the simpler end, broadening the Safety in Design (SiD)

process can be sufficient HFI – SiD (under the WHS Act 2011) requires consideration of the

safety of people during: Construction Maintenance Operations

Disposal

– Broadening the process to include: Operability Maintainability (the ease with which the asset can be operated and maintained)

Note: CHAIR is often provided as evidence of SiD. (Developed 2001, heavily biased towards construction, no longer on WorkCover NSW website)

(see T MU HF 00001 GU for further information)


Lessons learnt - end users?

Research has shown integrating feedback from stakeholder/end users into the final design will increase efficient asset performance

–


Lessons learnt – consultation process • The best people to consult changes as the project

develops: – Early (concept, feasibility) generally managers and strategists – Detailed design needs end users (task experts) – Business Requirements need to be further derived into end

user/HF requirements – Early end user consultation about the current system can

assist with developing requirements

• End user consultation: – requires facilitation and should be costed – is a valuable source of data – is not about giving user groups everything they ‘want’ – scalability


Stroop Test

red green yellow blue red yellow blue blue green green

blue red blue red green green blue yellow green yellow

Read the words down the columns as quickly as you can without mistakes


Stroop Test

Identify the colour of the text down the columns as quickly as you can without mistakes

red yellow red yellow green blue yellow yellow blue green

yellow green green red red yellow blue red blue red


Lessons learnt - during construction

• Inevitably there is going to be change to the design

• AEOs need a good design change process to ensure change does not affect design intent:

– ASA HF not adversely affect the human interactions of the delivered asset


Lessons learnt - competency

• Competency of HF resources will depend on specific project

• Important to know when specialist HF expertise is needed

– What ‘triggers’ the need? novelty, complexity and/or risk of the interactions

• HF competency managed with other engineering competencies


Activity

• Conducting a quick context of use study

• To be able to design a system to be used by people it is essential to understand the context of use.

• The helps to identify all human interactions.


Understanding context - historic example

Ticket Vending Machine • Why is it being introduced? • What does it do? • Who will use it? • How will the machine be used? • Where do you place it? • When will it be used? • What considerations should be

considered in the immediate environment?

• Does it change/improve the task?


Ticket Vending Machine

• Initially button then label -> end user trialling showed lots of errors

• Initially tasks not labelled -> confusion • Money in above money out • Too many choices for stations • Ticket from this station only • One ticket at a time

Interface requires detailed design work of human interactions


Ticket Vending Machine - newer

• New technology – menu based system less options shown -> less daunting

• Can buy multiple tickets • Still ticket from this station only

But now there is Opal which is quicker and simpler

–


Get photo of new machine

Ticket Vending Machine design • Interface requires detailed design work of human

interactions • If a SiD only approach had been taken then would

consider: – Money handling issues – Manual tasks of coin safes – Possibly the safe access into the machines for maintainers

• But the ticket vending machines are about operability: – More tickets per hour

o So easy and error free o Encourage usage

• These features would not have been considered in a traditional SiD approach

– ASA Industry Briefing & Round Table Completing the Jigsaw – MLC Centre, 14 Apr 15 | 59 April 2014

Wrap up Mark Smith, Principal Manager Industry & Technical Development


The complete picture – a work in progress…

YOU?


ASA website - http://www.asa.transport.nsw.gov.au

List of AEOs

All TfNSW standards

All ASA communications – presentations and forum material

Frequently searched quick links / hot documents

http://www.asa.transport.nsw.gov.au/about


ASA website - http://www.asa.transport.nsw.gov.au/events

http://www.asa.transport.nsw.gov.au/events


Industry engagement - sharing and listening

• Updates, guidance, thought leadership and awareness

• Two to four per year to 150+ Industry briefings

• Discuss and dissect key topics from industrybriefings

• Two to four per year to approx 60+

Industry round tables

• Large technical audiences • Detailed and application-specific technical

learnings and contemporary subject matter Industry seminars

• Capture and share knowledge and experience • 20-30 attendees tailored to the subject matter Technical forums

–

Thank you!

ASA Industry Briefing & Round Table Completing the Jigsaw – MLC Centre, 14 Apr 15 | 64April 2014

asa industry briefing & round table - transport for …...2015/04/14 · asa industry briefing...

Documents