TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement

Introduction

Journal entries:

Molecular gastronomy!

The Philippine pancit

Pinakbet

Welcome to the island of misfit toys.

Toy story 4, maybe?

Tumblr. Culture

Photoshopped beauty

Shadow art: “art na hindi mo inakala!”

Kintsukuroi: “Being broken is beautiful”

Ilocano music: an art

The Philippine music

UUP: Ukelele underground Philippines

Art terms

Sources

The Philippine Pancit

Philippine food culture has been influenced by other countries back

then. These influences have helped to shape our culture. Examples of foreign

brands adapted by Filipinos are burgers, paella, pizza, and Chinese food like

siomai, siopao and noodles. Though noodles originated from China, most

Filipinos like it and appropriated these Chinese noodles into our own ‘pancit’.

Pancit has become a must have in many Filipino celebrations like fiestas,

birthdays, Christmas, New Year and even merienda. Pancit, or commonly

known as bihon, is said to be easier and more convenient to cook than other

dishes. Ordinary pancit dish has vegetables, meat and calamansi( to enhance

its flavor) in it.

Our interest with this food has taken to another level as it caught the

attention of the business people. Local ‘panciterias’ has been emerging and

many companies are now using pancit as their product particularly, pancit

canton. Truly, pancit has become a part of our food culture. But aside from

pancit being introduced in business, adaptations of pancit nowadays are

becoming a trademark of a certain place. Like Batchoy in Iloilo, Pancit

Habhab in Quezon Province, Pancit Malabon in Malabon, Pancit Luglog in

Central Luzon, Lomi in Batangas, and Pancit Batil-Patong in Tuguegarao.

Other popular pancit in the philippines are sotanghon, molo, palabok and

pancit puti.

Pinakbet

Philippines is an archipelago and a tropical country. It is no

doubt that variety of plants has been able to grow

fantastically. Trees, fruits, and vegetables can be gathered

anywhere. With these, Filipinos have created a delectable

veggie dishpinakbet. It is an indigenous meat-vegetable meal

that includes Filipino style of cooking‘gisa’ and mixing of

different vegetables like squash, string beans, eggplant, okra,

ampalaya etc. Others prefer to add chicharon or malunggay in

it. Usually, pork is used for this dish but sometimes shrimp is

used instead.

It is believed that this dish originated in the northern

part of the Philippines, specifically, Ilocos. Even its name is

from an Ilokano term ‘pinakebbet’ which means ‘to shrink’.

Ilokano pinakbet uses bagoong, particularly alamang, to

enhance its flavor. However, some uses coconut milk instead.

Ilokanos generally uses ‘dinengdeng’ for their vegetable dishes

but what differentiates pinakbet from dinengdeng is its way

of cooking and even its ingredients.

Welcome to the island of misfit

toys.

wallflower (n.) a shy or retiring person who remains unnoticed at

social events, especially a woman without a dance

partner I am writing an entry about “The Perks of Being a Wallflower” because in

my opinion, it is one those novels turned to major motion pictures that are

actually almost as beautiful as the novels. I first read the novel way back in

third year high school and had no idea that it will have a movie adaption.

Then it became mainstream when it was officially announced that Emma Watson

and Logan Lerman along with Nina Dobrev of ‘The Vampire Diaries’ were to play

the main characters for the movie. And the fangirls and fanboys were like ‘I’m

gonna read the novel because Emma and Logan will be in its movie.’ It kind of

pissed me off as a fan of the novel; I felt like people should read it because

it is an eye-opening and an honest coming-of-age read that everyone can

relate to. Of course, that was just me being selfish but Stephen Chbosky must

be happy his novel got more recognition. Okay now, I will stop dissing the

bandwagon riders. LOL.

I love reading books, popular or not. To quote Elizabet Scott, “I love

books. I love that moment when you open one and sink into it you can escape

from the world, into a story that’s way more interesting than yours will ever

be.” Yep, true story. Though “The Perks” tackled issues that are dark in a lot

of ways, the book spoke to me. I never dealt with sex, drug addiction and

depression Charlie experienced but somehow, I connected to him. Like him, I was

a wallflower. I was never asked out to dance during parties. I was a “nobody.”

At some point, I felt like I was the one who’s writing the letters. The things

Charlie went through in high school were the things almost everyone went

through. Another thing I loved about the book was Chbosky’s writing style; he

dealt with the issues very well without getting the readers that heavy

feeling. The writing style also showed how Charlie has grown. It is one of

those novels that were able to put complex thoughts into simple but

understandable sentences.

Its movie version was beautiful as well! At first, I had reservations

because most of the movie adaptations of the novels I have read sucked but

“The Perks” did not disappoint. It lived up to the book, I must say. It helped

that Chbosky, the author of the novel, wrote the screenplay and directed it. It

was definitely faithful to the original material although there were some

scenes that were cut out but it was able to capture the essence of the book. I

watched it with a friend who hasn’t read the book yet and she enjoyed the film

as well. It was accessible to non-readers as the story is very relatable. The

main casts did a great job portraying their roles; they really played the

roles very well. I thought that Logan Lerman embodied Charlie’s character

well; Emma Watson was playing a totally different character from Hermione

and nailed it; and Ezra Miller was charismatic and charming. The

cinematography was great as well; it has a dreamy feel to it and the creation

of vivid and rich colors even in the dark scenes added to the film’s artistic

appeal. The film had classic, indie vibe which I really liked. Also, the songs

used in the film managed to expand the book’s appeal. Wonderful soundtrack.

I know it is cheesy and all, but both the book and film made me feel

infinite.

Love always,

Marjorie

In this technological era, gadgets such as tablet PCs are becoming the ‘modern toys’ of children. The most prevalent use of tablets among kids is not for educational purposes but for gaming. The wide variety of apps and games installed in these tablet PCs is reminiscent of childhood toys. Angry Birds can be likened to a slingshot, in as much as the other toys stated above show parallelism with games and apps. They are like virtual representations of the toys we know. Furthermore, the fact that children prefer these gadgets more than toys makes

them the substitute for toys, the modern toys – the new plaything. And because of this, there has been a noticeable decline in the use of toys.

Toys or gadgets, which one do you prefer as a childhood plaything? Let’s compare.

Try to imagine a family reunion.

Let’s say they belong to the middle and upper classes of the society. The parents left their children in the play area surrounded by toys to have some quality time. Each of these kids either

has their own or uses their parents’

gadgets. Do you think they’ll bother chatting with one another?

Even if they’re cousins, I bet no one will initiate a talk. Instead, they will just use their gadgets. Gadgets limit our social interaction. With these

around, particularly tablets, everything becomes handier including the Internet. The advantage of

After Andy gave his toys to Bonnie, Woody,

Buzz and the rest of the gang felt relieved because

they will not end up in the attic. They will still be

played with. A few years later, Bonnie received an

iPad from her parents and chose the Subway Surfers

over Woody and Buzz. She played with Grand Theft

Auto than with RC, the remote controlled buggy. She

doesn’t play cowboy with Jessie and Bullseye anymore

because she’s having more fun with Temple Run. And

she no longer finds the Potato Heads cute due to

Angry Birds. A good plot for Toy Story 4, eh?

By Renzi Manlapig

being handy also becomes a disadvantage because, with tablets, there is a tendency for them to

confine themselves in their personal space while they’re with other people in a public place.

The irony is that social-networking sites or SNS, which are more accessible through these gadgets, make the youth less sociable. E.J. Westlike, an Assistant Professor of theatre studies at the University of Michigan, analyzes Facebook as a stage where people get to perform in front of an audience. In the virtual world, they portray themselves as how they want others to see them. And sometimes they end up liking their virtual characters more than

their true selves that they don’t know how to deal with real people anymore. With more Internet socializing than actual socializing, they become introverted.

Now, what if the kids didn’t have gadgets?

I bet they will play with the toys around them.

Toys stimulate bonding. It’s given that these toys are just digitalized through apps and games, but will these beat the physical interaction children have with toys?

There’s learning in experiencing – when you let all your

senses coordinate together. There’s learning in doing.

With tablets, everything’s done with a touch and a

click. There’s not much use of the other senses.

There’s not much body coordination. There are hardly any body movements.

Toys such as board games have educational purposes. Actually, almost every toy has an educational

purpose. In Roland Barthes’ “Mythologies,” he defines “toys as essentially a microcosm of the

adult world; they are all reduced copies of human objects.” A doll conditions little girls to their future role as mothers. They feed the doll, change its diaper and sing it lullabies. Lego blocks

teach children how to build things. Monopoly teaches them things about the business world – managing money and properties. The toys also give children an idea of what they would want to be like when they grow up. When the kid likes cooking toys, maybe he/she can be a chef. Toys open children to a lot of possibilities.

Tablets are now more popular than toys. Is it really time for Woody and Buzz to say hello to the attic?

Let me first tell you a story about my

friend Neil. He met a girl on Facebook. Ever

since the day they became Facebook friends, he

started liking all her photos. He developed a

crush on her because she looks beautiful in all

her uploaded photos. But then, someone

tagged her in a stolen shot. Neil was shocked to

see that she’s not really flawless and fair-

skinned. He was devastated to see his dream

girl turn into a nightmare. What a

heartbreaking incident caused by Photoshop!

As we all know, Adobe Photoshop is the most popular and widely used photo editing

software. It can do magic with every picture, transforming the ugly to something beautiful by

editing all the imperfections until the desired outcome is achieved.

Photoshop is like virtual painting. There are tools like paint brush, healing brush and

paint bucket. There are also features wherein a picture can look sketched and

impressionistic. There are effects like watercolor and oil painting. Photoshop is not limited to

editing. It can actually be used to create images and artworks. These images are categorized

as digital paintings. Though there is no actual paint and brush, Photoshop still requires skill. It

may be less expensive than actual painting but the process of digital painting can be more

painstaking.

Some think that Photoshop makes everything more beautiful. But no, there is good and

bad Photoshop. Good Photoshop is when the picture improved after the editing.

( Airbrushed, Optical Illusion, Film Graphics )

Bad Photoshop is when there are still flaws after the editing or there is too much editing that

the picture either becomes uglier or looks unrealistic.

( Too much editing, Twisted neck, Third arm )

( Distorted left arm, Holding hands with no one, Wrong reflection )

Photoshop, when used properly, creates amazing graphics. It is very useful in advertisements

and posters, especially beauty products. The perfection it gives to photos leaves good impressions

on viewers. But that perfection raises our standards on beauty. Everything will seem not enough

until it’s perfect. Beauty is equated to being flawless, fair-skinned, and sexy. It is all about

superficial qualities. And the desire for perfection pulls us away from reality. Most edited pictures

are far from the original ones, enough to fool our naked eyes. This is what happened to our dear

friend Neil.

Photoshopped beauty has been so popular that a local

band even made a song about it. Tanya Markova’s “Da

Facebook Song” tell us a story about how a guy was fooled

by a girl’s Facebook Profile Picture.

Sure, uploading a Photoshop edited picture will

receive hundreds of likes. But will the likes and good

comments give you happiness when you know in yourself

that it is just because of a Photoshopped beauty? Will it really boost or just lower your self-

esteem?

- Renzi Manlapig

To them, I said, the truth would be

literally nothing but the shadows of the

images. - Plato, The Republic

I was watching an episode from the anime Detective

Conan by Gosho Aoyama, when an evidence of the

murderer caught my attention. Yes, the evidence is

inevitably beautiful, casting a shadow that portrays

the murderer. It was a thin steel rod being curved or

shaped into a complex figure so that when you shine

light into it, it forms a ballerina silhouette which

points out the culprit. It amazed me, and before ɪ knew

it, I was already searching about it, and found out that

I have already seen some of these things in the site

called ‘9gag’, and that it is called “Shadow Art”.

Shadow art is a unique form of sculptural art where the 2D

shadows cast by a 3D sculpture are essential for

the artistic effect. - Niloy J. Mitra, Mark Pauly ,

2009 These examples of shadow art impressed me because, how

did they (the artists) manage to shape these things knowing

that they will form a certain object or even a reflection of

reality once light has shone upon the sculptures? How did

they know from what angle will they shine the light towards

those works of art? I had done some research and found out

that they can also use computer to do these kinds of things.

They propose a design procedure in a program where the

user can directly specify the desired shadows by providing a

set of binary images and corresponding projection infor-

mation. There is also geometric optimization that computes

a 3D shadow volume. It looks technical for me so ɪ did not

bother to understand quite a few terms about the process in

making.

Shadow art was also popular when a group of contestants in

the talent search tv show “Pilipinas Got Talent” joined and

made it up in the finals. They were so great that the images

were not stationary but moving objects, mimicking animals,

and even everyday objects with the use of their bodies and

sometimes props (as shadows).

Shadow art is

not certainly

on main-

stream, but

you can see

them as ad-

vertisements,

even as trib-

ute for artists

like for Andy

Warhol, and

even as a

solution for

pollution.

Art is not just for beau-

ty, or as a reflection of

the reality, sometimes,

it can be as mysterious,

as mind-boggling, and

as useful as a SHADOW

ART.

“BEING BROKEN IS

BEAUTIFUL”

Kintsukuroi (金繕い) is a Japanese technique

of repairing broken ceramics with metal

lacquer, usually gold or silver. The word in

Japanese means “to repair with gold”.

Have you ever felt broken? …

that you are weak? …fragile? …

that no one can mend your

wounds? …that you are useless?

Well if you have not felt that

way before, a shattered glass, a

broken pot, a cracked vase, and

a fractured vessel already had.

But do you know the thing that

has made their brokenness

away? It’s GOLD.

Have you ever wondered why gold or silver

exists? What are their purposes? Are

they just merely for luxury or signify-

ing wealth?

ɪ am here to talk to you the concept of understanding that a

piece is more beautiful for having been broken.

Kintsukuroi is believed to be started in the 15th and 16th century.

It is also known as kintsugi (“to patch with gold”), and there was

a story behind it.

“Once upon a time, in Japan, a wealthy man was sitting, having

some tea. As he was taking in the beautiful sights and sounds of

the beautiful landscape he inadvertently dropped his teacup

and it broke. The teacup was made of clay and so it would need

to be taken to a craftsmen in order to get it fixed. He sent his

precious teacup to the shop. Later, when he received the teacup

back it was mended, but it was mended crudely and it turned

his precious beautiful teacup into a something he no longer

appreciated. However, all was not lost, another craftsmen de-

cided to approach the teacup in a different way. He delicately

undid the ugly job the other craftsmen did and instead of simply

and crudely stapling the broken pieces together, he filled the

cracks with a Gold Resin. Now the teacup had veins of gold resin

all around it keeping the broken pieces together.” - Alon, 2013

A piece of pottery that has been broken, its value being degrad-

ed and considered it as trash, will it still be of help? Yet when

we see that it has been done by the kintsukuroi technique, we

cannot help but wonder on such a phenomenon that the piece,

once broken and considered trash, is still useful.

ɪ cannot help but relate this brokenness to us human beings.

Who among us has not yet been broken? Who has not had a

relationship destroyed? a loved one whom life has taken? A

fractured bone? A friendship over? Dreams died like that of

cigarette butt being stepped on? Each of us, in one way or an-

other has been broken.

And there are things in life that may help us fix those things,

acting like the gold, which is a symbol that being broken or

having imperfections is beautiful. Love, trust, faith, happiness…

these are all fixers of our brokenness.

Art comes in relation to us being humans, and

objects may sometimes signify us. Although

non-living, their representation of us is what

makes us strong and have our own realization

of ourselves.

“We are all wonderful, beautiful wrecks. That's

what connects us--that we're all broken, all beau-

tifully imperfect.” ― Emilio Estevez

Ilocano Music: An Art By: Myron D l c

Art is a work made or composed by man to express himself, especially his feelings and ideas. It can be through paintings, sculptures, dance, music, writings, etc. Through art works, artists can be able to showcase what is stored in them. Art shows beauty and reality but sometimes art can also be beyond imagination. This means that art is very broad. Artists can create their own ideas in making a certain art even beyond what they can see in reality.

Anything can be a subject of art. Sometimes an art cannot be immediately understood except for the artist himself. There are a lot of interpretations coming from different people from different countries about an art. Some may say that this certain art is beautiful some may say it’s a junk but let’s not forget that every art has its own reason why it was made the way it is, that every art has its own beauty within.

Music pleases the ears, touches the soul, and gives color to one’s heart that makes it far more different from any other form of art. It changes lives through the words it conveys. According to Janesa Lei Guerrero, an Ilocano musician, “The preservation of Ilocano music is not given importance anymore. Many Ilocano people today don’t appreciate their own culture, their own Ilocano music, only old ones do. I think this is because of the influence of modernization. People rather choose to listen to the music of the present generation. ”

On the other hand ArjayAlcantara, another Ilocano musician believes that it is not about the lack of preservation of people why the music back those days does not exist anymore but it is because people just really want to create their own music and not just adapt. In addition, he also believes that traditional music does not necessarily need to be preserved today because as an artist himself at present generation it is very important for him to make music considering what is appealing to the listeners.

Music has its own identity from generation to generation. Some Music fades as times go by, some is still being remembered but later on as Music creates its own identity again and again it just vanishes away and forgotten by people. But even if each and every artist has his own unique talents, what’s important is that they enhance these God-given talents and create beautiful music.

The Philippine Music by MyronD l C For years, Philippine music has been continuously resonating, not only inside the country

but the entire globe, for we have already proven that our music has its own identity. For some

people, particularly musicians or art enthusiasts, music is a part of life wherein people could

express their own thoughts and emotions, as a means of living, a tradition, a part of culture. In

the Philippine context, music from other places differs a lot from how the Filipinos express it.

Before the Spaniards came to the country (for the purpose of colonizing and enculturation

– the act of sharing and slowly imparting one culture to another), Filipinos were already

animists. They worship and believe things that surround them, especially anything that is related

with nature. With these beliefs, they have managed to create rituals and myths and some of these

are present until now. Then the Spaniards arrived, enculturation began and a change was made

among the Filipinos’ minds. The belief the Filipinos had and the culture the Spaniards tried to

influence were combined and formed a new kind of mentality amongst the Filipinos. A higher

way of thinking that is.

Everything changed; Filipinos learned sewing, Christianity, economy, education and Art,

especially in the Music industry. What was the identity of Philippine Music before? And what is

it today? Before, Philippine Music was for worshipping nature and things, it was more like of a

ritual. No melodic phrases, ne specific musical rules were then followed. Philippine Music was

not that strict before unlike today. The Philippine Music of today is far better than

before due to its form and nature.

Music today follows a norm and not just plainly sang. Philippine Music is also taught in

schools and other institutions. There are a lot of Filipino musicians that are as good as other

musicians (probably better) external of the country. There are also written music by the use of

technology and speaking by technology, there are also numerous musical objects such as electric

guitar, drum, tuning fork, etc.

Philippine Music is indeed a huge development. Whatever music we may encounter in

our daily lives, the identity of our music will never discontinue. God gave this to us and it’s our

part to enhance it and develop it more.

Abstraction - every work of art, no matter how literal or

representational, is removed from the indiscriminate and chaotic

world beyond the picture frame

Achromatic -designating color perceived to have zero saturation and

therefore no hue, such as neutral grays, white, or black

Aesthetics - the theoretical counterpart to art; the branch of philosophy

dealing with such notions as the beautiful, the ugly, the sublime, the

comic, etc., as applicable to the fine arts, with a view to establishing the

meaning and validity of critical judgments concerning works of art, and

the principles underlying or justifying such judgments

Allegorical - a figurative mode of representation conveying meaning other

than the literal

Appropriation - art of “making do”; bricolage as tactics; process of

borrowing and changing the meaning of cultural products, slogans, images

and elements of fashion

Architecture - the art or practice of designing and building structures

and especially habitable ones

Art - an original creation, produced by an individual gifted with genius;

in a modern sense of the term: "the skillful (sic) production of the

beautiful in visible forms"

Art exhibition - a room or series of rooms where works of art are

exhibited

Art patron - the support or encouragement of a patron, as for an

institution or cause

Authorship - the fact or position of someone's having written a book or

other written work

Avant-garde - a group active in the invention and application of new

ideas and techniques in an original or experimental way; a group of

practitioners and/or advocates of a new art form

Axiological plane - analyzing the values of a work; a necessary part of

crticial evaluation; art directly or indirectly conveys meaning and seeks

to influence ideas and values in subliminal ways

Brush strokes - the way an art work, specifically a painting, was

painted; the structural aspect of the brush formation in a

painting

Basic Semiotic plane - meaning is produced from the interplay of

signifiers of the work

Canvass - a piece of cloth backed or framed as a surface for a

painting; the painting on such a surface

Chiaroschuro - an effect of contrasted light and shadow created

by light falling unevenly or from a particular direction on something

Chroma - the strength or purity of a color

Classic art - refers to the ancient art and architecture in Greece and Rome

Collage - an artistic composition wherein pieces of various materials are

arranged and glued to create a certain form

Collecting - gathering together things

Color - an art element that is seen when light hits an object and is

reflected to the eyes

Contemporary art - the art of the late 20th and early 21st century

Content - the idea, feelings, sensations presented in a work of art

Contextual plane - refers to the social and historical context of the work

of art

Contextualization - analyzing something by putting it in a specific

circumstance or setting

Cosmetics - products applied to the body that is meant to beautify or

improve its appearance

Counter-bricolage - adapting the tactics of the marginalized cultures into

the mainstream

Curator - the person who organizes and maintains a collection of artworks

or artifacts

Cyberculture - the culture that has emerged, or is emerging, from the use of

computer networks for communication, entertainment, and business

Differentiation - identifying differences and making

distinctions between things

Fine art - a visual art considered to have been created primarily

for aesthetic purposes and judged for its beauty and

meaningfulness, specifically, painting, sculpture, drawing,

watercolor, graphics, and architecture

Food culture - eating habits and culinary practices of a people, region,

historical period

Form - an element of art, such as you would see in a sculpture that has

three dimensions

Gallery - an establishment that displays and sells works of art

Gender-Bending - bending the traditional codes of gender roles and sexual

norms

Genre paintings - a style of painting depicting scenes from everyday life,

associated particularly with 17th-century

Gestalt - in a work of art, its form and its content are inseparable

Hegemony - reception of dominant message of a text in an

unquestioning manner

Hue - the property which distinguishes one color from another

Humanities - the condition or quality of being human

Iconic plane - the image is regarded as an iconic sign: a unique sign

with a particular and highly nuanced meaning as different from a

conventional sign

Image - a representation of the external form of a person or thing in

sculpture, painting, etc

Informal balance - symmetrical balance refers to a design that has

dissimilar elements but still appears balanced, dividing a picture in half

won't have the exact same elements however the elements they do have are

varied and seem to balance one another out

Installation - a work of art that usually consists of multiple components

often in mixed media and that is exhibited in a usually large space in an

arrangement specified by the artist

Intensity - degree of brightness or dullness of a color

Interpellation - process by which we are constructed by ideologies that

speak to us every day through language and images

Modern movement - set of cultural tendencies and associated

cultural movements, originally arising from wide-scale and far-

reaching changes to Western society in the late 19th and early

20th centuries; Modernism explicitly rejects the ideology of realism and

makes use of the works of the past, through the application of reprise,

incorporation, rewriting, recapitulation, revision and parody in new forms

Motif - a distinctive feature or dominant idea in an artistic or literary

composition

Mural - is any piece of artwork painted directly on a wall, ceiling or

other large permanent surface

Museum - a building that houses a thematic collection of different things

Nostalgia - the evocation of these feelings or tendencies, esp. in

commercialized form

Performance art - a nontraditional art for wherein the artist

performs while being viewed by an audience

Perspective - the art or theory of representing on a flat or

curves surface solid objects, figures, architecture, other surfaces

conceived of as not lying in that surface

Photograph - an image, especially a positive print, recorded by a camera

and reproduced on a photosensitive surface

Pop culture - commercial culture based on popular taste

Pragmatic - dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that

is based on practical rather than theoretical considerations

Proportion - is a principle of art that describes the size, location or

amount of one element to another (or to the whole) in a work. It has a

great deal to do with the overall harmony of an individual piece

Provenance - this is indicated by the name of the present owner or

collector of the work, whether it belongs to a museum, gallery, or private

collection

Public art - any kind of art that is displayed in a public place for

public viewing

Scale - the proportion or ratio that defines the size relationships

Sculpture - the art or practice of shaping figures or designs in

the round or in relief, as by chiseling marble

Secular art - an Art not specifically relating to religion or to a

religious body

Semiotics - study of signs; work of art as the iconic or pictorial sign

Space - an extensive area that is the container of all things and events

Stencil - an impervious material (as a sheet of paper, thin wax, or woven

fabric) perforated with lettering or a design

Style - the composite use of the devices and characteristics applicable to

their medium of expression

Symbol - something that stands for or suggests something else by reason

of relationship, association, convention, or accidental resemblance

Symmetry - the quality of being made up of exactly similar parts facing

each other or around an axis

Taste - a notion of beauty determined by class and cultural

background; learned through social and cultural institutions

Textual poaching - possibility of inhabiting or owning text by

negotiating meaning and responding

Texture – the visual feel of two-dimensional work or the three dimensional

feel when touched

Theme - the subject of a talk, a piece of writing, a person's thoughts, or an

exhibition

Tint - a color to which white has been added to make it lighter modeling

clay, or casting in metal

Toys - microcosm of the adult world; reduced copies of human world

Traditional art – articles of everyday life combining design and function;

linked with ritual, bear images in the form of symbols and motifs which

may convey narratives of communal significance

Trans-coding - derogatory terms and refusing them in empowering ways

Value - relative lightness and darkness of a color

Videoke - a system of gadgets and apparatuses which have been

electronically connected transforming it into an outstanding

example of a global technology

Visual arts - art forms that create works which are primarily visual in

nature, such as ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture

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