argentinean activities related to fast reactors · argentinean activities related to fast reactors...

06/09/201206/09/2012 Dr. Osvaldo Azpitarte - CNEA

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Argentinean activities related toFast Reactors

Dr. Osvaldo Azpitarte

National Atomic Energy Commission – CNEA - Argentina -

Forty-Fifth Meeting of the Technical Working Group on Fast Reactors

Argonne, Illinois, USA 20-22 June 2012

MINISTRY OF FEDERALPLANNING, PUBLIC

INVESTMENT AND SERVICES

SECRETARY OF ENERGY

ARNNA-SA

(NUCLEOELECTRICA ARGENTINA)

CNEA

PRESIDENT

GENERAL SECRETARY

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Nuclear activities in Argentina

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2 Operating NPP.

2 NPP Under Construction.

2 Operating NPP.


6 Research Reactors.

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2 Operating NPP.



4 Particles Accelerators.

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2 Operating NPP.




3 Atomic Centers.

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2 Operating NPP.




3 Atomic Centers.

1 Technologic Centre.

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2 Operating NPP.




3 Atomic Centers.


1 Heavy Water Production Plant.

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2 Operating NPP.




3 Atomic Centers.



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2 Irradiation Plants.

2 Operating NPP.




3 Atomic Centers.



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5 Uranium Mines.

2 Operating NPP.




3 Atomic Centers.



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5 Uranium Mines.

1 Uranium Purification Plant.

2 Operating NPP.




3 Atomic Centers.



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5 Uranium Mines.


3 Training Institutes

2 Operating NPP.




3 Atomic Centers.




5 Uranium Mines.


339 Industrial Applications Facilities


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2 Operating NPP.




3 Atomic Centers.




5 Uranium Mines.


339 Industrial Applications Facilities

Nuclear Medicine.

•3 Nuclear Medicine Schools.

•67 Cobalt Therapy Centres.

•71 Brachytherapy Centers

•284 Nuclear Medicine Centers.

•48 Linear Accelerators for Medicine Purposes.

•338 Radioimmunoassay Laboratories.


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Evolution of Energy Mix


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Argentinean activities related to Fast Reactors

CNEA objectives in the area of Generation IV nuclea r reactors

Implement a programme for the monitoring of the global progress ofnew technologies for Generation IV nuclear reactors and their fuelcycles, in order to generate and assess associated lines of R&D

– Perform studies and evaluations for defining the Generation IVline or lines on which CNEA would be interested

– Promote the participation on specific international projects

– Implementation of experimental facilities


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1. CNEA activities in the area of Fast Reactors

a. Observer to the Technical Working Group – Fast Rea ctors

b. Member of Generation IV International Forum – GIF (not active)

c. Member of INPRO / IAEA

d. Organization, together with IAEA, of the fol lowing events:

IAEA/CNEA Education and Training Seminar / Workshop on Sodium Cooled Fast Reactors Science and Technology – Bariloche, Argenti na; 21 – 25 February 2011

IAEA/CNEA Education and Training Seminar / Workshop on Fast Reactors Science and Technology – Bariloche, Argentina; 1 – 5 October 2012


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e. Internal Report: Comparative Assessment of the Six Reactor Concepts Selected in the Framework of the Generation IV Inte rnational Forum

– Purpose: provide recommendations for the applicatio n of human and economic resources in the area of Generation IV nuc lear reactors.

– Performed by a multi-disciplinary ad-hoc team (safe ty, materials, fuel, etc..)

– Assessment methodology: based on INPRO/IAEA methodo logy (TEDCOC 1434): evaluation of Indicators in different areas

– Areas assessed: Viability of the Concept, Nuclear S afety and Design, Economics, Sustainability, Proliferation Resistance , Nuclear Fuel, Balance of Plant, Materials


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e. Comparative Assessment of the Six Reactor Conc epts Selected in the Framework of the Generation IV International Forum

Indicator Coefficient SFR GFR LFR SCWR VHTR MSR

Ind. X.1. 1 6 5 3 3 5 2

Ind. X.2. 1 4 5 4 2 3 5

Ind. X.3. 2 10 8 8 6 6 4

Sum 20 18 15 11 14 11

Normalized Sum

0.83 0.75 0.63 0.46 0.58 0.46

Area X


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e. Comparative Assessment of the Six Reactor Concept s Selected in the Framework of the Generation IV International Forum

Some Indicators: • Viability : Maturity level, Operational experience• Nuclear Safety and Design : Number of barriers for the release of

fission products, Reactivity coefficients, Use of p assive systems• Economics : Simplicity, Thermal efficiency, Other application s • Sustainability : Breeding capacity, Volume of waste• Proliferation Resistance : U enrich. required, Reprocessing required• Nuclear Fuel : Fabrication process, Thermal requirements, Claddi ng

requirements, Capacity for retaining fission produc ts, Feasibility for modeling

• Balance of Plant : Simplicity, Maturity, Thermal efficiency, Safety• Materials : High T resistance, Radiation resistance, Corrosi vity of the

coolant, Susceptibility to: swelling, SCC, fluence, oxidation, etc..,


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2. Section of Advanced Reactors – GAEN, CNEA

– Performance of the study “Transmutation performances of SFR cores in heterogeneous mode”

Basis: Agreement on Scientific and Technical Cooper ation CNEA – CEA

Study on minor actinides transmutation in SFR moder ated bearing blankets

ERANOS code: cell and core neutronic calculation fo r fast reactors.

Heterogeneous mode of MA transmutation (MABB): • no impact on feedback coefficients• MABB assemblies management is decoupled from the fi ssile assemblies.


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• Moderating material into the MABB: softens the neut ron spectrum andincreases Σ

• Comparison of consumption of MA using different mod erating materials

• Core: 3600 MWth ESFR – 84 MABB assemblies 20% of AmO 2

)1()( )0(t

t emtC ∆Σ−= −=∆ φ


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– Preliminary study of sodium loops

Purpose: gain knowledge and experience on sodium pr operties and operations

Internal report on: characteristics of sodium loops and their applications

Future activities:

training of CNEA experts in sodium loops ?

decision on the design, construction or acquisition of a small sodium loop ?


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3. Nuclear Materials – GAEN, CNEA

– Study of high –chromium ferritic-martensitic steels behavoir under service condition

– Two PhD and two MSc

– Materials characterization facilities: advanced X-r ay diffractometry, Mössbauer spectrometry, X-ray microanalysis, atomic emission spectroscopy, electron microscopy, etc…

– Research fields: tempering behavior, creep, austeni tization, hydrogen permeation and diffusion, oxidation under supercrit ical water, etc…

– Future: introduction of new martensitic-ferritic st eels such as T or P92.


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4. Nuclear Fuels – GAEN, GIyA, CNEA

– Development, manufacturing and irradiation of MOX f uels

– Development of carbide and nitride nuclear fuels

– Development of Zr-Nb alloys for high-burnup claddin gs and components

– Calculation of structural and thermal properties of Th (ThN, ThC and ThO2) from first principle based in Density Functional Th eory (DFT)

– Thermal properties calculated: input in BACO code ( CNEA) for studying the burning of fuel in a reactor


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4. Nuclear Fuels – GAEN, GIyA, CNEA

– Calculated thermal expansion coefficient of Th

0 100 200 300 4000

4

8

12

T (K)


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5. Education

Specific graduate and postgraduate courses on NPPs (FBR, PWR, BWR, etc..) are given at:

– Balseiro Institute, CNEA – Cuyo National University

– Dan Beninson Institute, CNEA – San Martín National U niversity


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