architecture of india © 2015 albert-learning.com architecture of india

Architecture of India

© 2015 albert-learning.com

ARCHITECTURE OF INDIA



MEANING AND INTRODUCTION

The architecture of India is rooted in its history, culture and religion.

Eastern tradition has also incorporated modern values as India became a modern nation state.

Traditional Vastu Shastra remains influential in India's architecture during the contemporary era.



VOCABULARY

Vastu shastra - An ancient traditional hindu view about how the laws of nature affect human dwellings.

Well - Structure created in the ground by digging, driving, boring, or drilling to access groundwater in underground

Unesco- The united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization

Ornate- Elaborately or highly decorated.

Lintel- A horizontal support of timber, stone, concrete, or steel across the top of a door or window.



The Indus Valley Civilization (2700 BC-1700BC) is one of the world's earliest urban civilizations, along with its contemporaries, Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt.

The baths and toilets system the cities had is acknowledged as one of the most advanced in the ancient world.

A well and drainage system at Lothal A bath and toilet excavated in Lothal



The entire Kalibangan citadel unexcavated

The Great Stupa at Sanchi (4th–1st century BC). The dome shaped stupa was used in India as a commemorative monument associated with storing sacred relics.

Post Maha Janapadas period (1500 BC—200 AD)



Early Common Era—High Middle Ages (200 AD—1200 AD)

The temple complex at Khajuraho—adhering to the shikhara temple style architecture—is a UNESCO World Heritage Site



Konark Sun Temple, one of the most well renowned temples in India and is a World Heritage Site.



Late Middle Ages (1100 AD—1526 AD)

Ornate lintel over mantapa entrance, Belur temple



Islamic influence and Mughal Era (1526 AD-1857 AD)

Qutub Minar a prominent example of Islamic architecture in India.

In the August 1604 CE the construction of the Harmandir Sahib—the holiest shrine of the Sikh religion—was completed.



Colonial Era (1500 AD—1947 AD)

The Chepauk Palace at Chennai, once the residence of the Nawab of Arcot



British Colonial Era: 1615 to 1947

The major cities colonized during this period were Madras, Calcutta, Bombay, Delhi, Agra, Bankipore, Karachi, Nagpur, Bhopal and Hyderabad

Madras and Calcutta were similar bordered by water and division of Indian in the north and British in the south

The Victoria Memorial in Calcutta, is the most effective symbolism of British Empire,



French: 1673 to 1954

The French colonized a fishing village (Pondicherry) in Tamil Nadu and transformed it into a flourishing port-town.

The town was built on the French grid pattern and features neat sectors and perpendicular streets and divided into two sectors, French Quarter (Ville Blanche) and the Indian quarter (Ville Noire).

French expanded their empire by colonizing coastal towns, Yanam in Andhra Pradesh, Karaikal in Tamil Nadu and Mahe in Kerala with a French atmosphere of quiet towns around beaches. French spelling on signage and traffic signs still remains.



Dutch: 1605 to 1825

During their 200 years in India, they colonized Surat, Bharuch, Venrula, Ahmedabad, Malabar Coast, Kochi and Sadras.

Portuguese: 1498 to 1961

The interior of Goan-Portuguese houses consisted of elaborate patterns created with tiles imported from Europe and a false ceiling installed of wood. The walls are painted with bright colours contrasting to the earthy coloured furniture.



Republic of India (1947 AD—present)

Indian architecture reflects its various socio-cultural sensibilities which vary from region to region. Certain areas are traditionally held to be belonging to women. Villages in India have features such as courtyards, loggias, terraces and balconies. Calico, chintz, and palampore—of Indian origin—highlight the assimilation of Indian textiles in global interior design. Roshandans, which are skylights-cum-ventilators, are a common feature in Indian homes, especially in North India.



The Se Cathedral: located in Old Goais acathedral dedicated toCatherine of Alexandria. The famous jaali from the 16th-century Sidi Saiyyed mosque built by Ahmed Shah of Gujarat, in Ahmedabad Chowmahalla Palace inHyderabad

The North Block in New Delhi houseskey government offices, built along with Lutyens' Delhi. Chandigarh Secretariat designed by Le Corbusier.

Akshardham Temple in Delhi, completed in 2005 and one of the largest Hindu temples in the world. The Taj Mahal in Agra, arguably the greatest example of Islamic architecture in India. Charminar at Old City inHyderabad The Jagannath Temple inPuri, Odisha

SOME MORE ARCHITECTURE OF ANCIENT INDIA



Lotus Temple

Bandra- Worli Sea- Link bridge in Mumbai



1) What Architectural structure resembles your country?

2) What is the changing trend in Architecture that you have noticed over years?

3) Which architectural structure is you favorite in you country and around the world?

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