[architecture ebook] timber construction - detail praxis

DETAIL Praxis

Timber ConstructionDetailsProductsCase studies

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Authors:

Theodor Hugues, Umv.-Prof. Dr. -ing., architect,

Faculty of Building Construction and Materials at

the Technical University ot Munich

Ludwig Steiger, Dipl.-lng. Univ., architect,

the Technical University of Munich

Johann Weber. Dipl.-lng. (FH),

the Technical University of Munich

Drawings:

Michaela Jurck, Dipl.-lng. Univ.

Secretary's Office.

Marga Cervinka

Editorial Department:

Friedemann Zeitler, Dipl.-lng. Univ., architect

Nicola Kollmann, Dipl.-lng. (FH)

Translation German/English:

Robin Benson (pp. 1-50, 97-110),

Adam Blauhut (pp. 51-53),

Elizabeth Schwaiger (pp. 54-65),

David Berry (pp. 66-78)

Detail (pp. 80-96}

DTP 8 Production:

Peter Gensmantel, Cornelia Kohn, Andrea Linke,

Roswitha Siegler

° 2004 Institut fur international

Architektur-Dokumentation GmbH & Co.KG,

P.O.Box 33 06 60. D-80066 Munich, Germany

ISBN 3-7643-7032-7

Printed on acid-free paper, manufactured from

chlorine-free bleached cellulose.

Printed by:Wesel - Kom m u n i kati on

Baden-Baden

A CIP catalogue record far this book is available

from the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.,

USA

Bibliographic information published by Die

Deutsche Bibliothek

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the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed

bibliographic data is available on the internet at

http://dnb.ddb.de

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in co-operation with theVerbande des Baye rise hen Zimmerer- und

Holzbaugewerbes. Munich

DETAIlPraxisTimber Construction

Theodor HuguesLudwig SteigerJohann Weber

Contents

9

1112131415161718192122232425262728293031

333440505366707678

Introduction

House AExterior wall, plinthInterior wall, floor above basementExterior wall, floor/ceiling, windowInterior wall, floor/ceiling, doorExterior wall, ceiling, eavesExterior wall, ceiling, vergeExterior wall, services installation shaftParty wallHouse BExterior wall, plinthInterior wall, sole plateExterior wall, foundationInterior wall, foundationExterior wall, floor/ceiling, windowInterior wall, floor/ceiling, doorExterior wall, eavesExterior wall, vergeExterior wall, cornerParty wall

Product overviewTimberManufactured Wood ProductsBuilding boardsInsulating materialsSheathing paperJoints and fastenersWood preservationJoint sealing tapes

81Overview of exemplary constructionsExemplary constructions

97100101102107109110

Technical informationStandardsLiteratureReferencesSubject indexIndex of projectsPicture credits

The Arbeitsheft Holzbau, the precursorof this book, arose at the suggestion ofthe Bayerisches Zimmerer- und Holz-baugewerbe and was sponsored by theStiftung des Bayerischen Zimmerer- undHolzbaugewerbes Donat Miiller.

The authors should like to extend theirspecial thanks to Univ.-Prof. Dr.-IngHeinrich Kreuzinger (load-bearingstructure) and Dipl,-lng. (FH) Georg Wustand Dipl.-fng. (FH) Woffgang Hallinger(construction and materials).

si:

Introduction

House A House B

Introduction

The Arbeitsbeft Holzbau is intended as anaid to all those working in the field of con-struction. However, it is neither a con-struction manual nor an encyclopaedia ofmaterials. It aims to show the relationshipbetween design, detail work and the builtproduct. What has emerged is a veryhandy book which summarises, in a user-friendly manner, all the material found inoffices and enterprises that deals withbuilding with wood. To avoid the selectionpresenting here falling prey to rapidobsolescence and, above all. prematureobsolescence, it has been limited tobasic designs and proven materials.

Part 1The first part provides an overview of fheexemplary use of building components,component layers and building materialsand their integration into the overall struc-ture of two prototypical limber houses ofdifferent design. Questions concerningbuilding physics, such as heat, andsound insulation, vapour and fire protec-tion, draught proofing and jointing arebriefly explained and presented ingraphic examples of details and jointstypical of wooden construction.Two simple, common types of terracedhouse have been designed and con-structed to illustrate the interconnectionsand the problems. Common to both typesis the relatively low roof pitch permittingthe use of light roofing materials, Bothhouses can be heated with gas.

House A\sa craft-built timber-frameworkhouse standing on a cellar, its lattice-work walls rest on the cellar walls and thefloor above the cellar and bear a woodenjoist ceiling as well as a doubly supportedroof structure which has not been fittedout. The distance between the post axesand the ceiling joists is 125 cm, making ita multiple of the module of 62.5 cm,which many of the building materialsobserve, The disadvantage of usingthicker boarding on the visible joists hasto be weighed up against the spatial (hallwidth, cubic measure) and the designadvantages (door and window openingswithout trimming). It could be reduced to83.33 cm (250 cm: 3).To improve the dimensions of the roofoverhang at the eaves and the verge, therafter spacing between was halved to62.5 cm.

The greater part of House B is designedto be produced in the workshop andassembled from prefabricated wall ele-ments, floors and a roof on a floatingfoundation, assuming that the subsoil issuitable. The roof has been fitted out andintegrated into the interior.The design is based on a dimensional co-ordination of 62.5 cm, corresponding tothe basic elements of panel constructionsuch as the panel dimensions of the ply-wood, chipboard and, above all, plaster-board / gypsum-fibre board. This dimen-sional co-ordination has proven to be auseful standard for partial and full prefab-rication.

The development of the skin and itsmaterial implementation has been exe-cuted in accordance with the differentgoals of the two projects.

Part 2The generic terms of building materialsand joints and fasteners have been ital-icised in the commentary on the details.In part 2 they are listed in the sub|ectindex under the marked generic termalong with products, specifications andmanufacturers.

Part3The brief illustrated documentation of thenine completed projects is intended toconvey an impression of the diversetypes of wooden buildings, showing thedesigns chosen, the specific ways inwhich the details have been elaborated,and the materials used.

Part 4The appendix contains technical informa-tion, a summary of the pertinent guide-lines and standards together with a bibli-ography and a list of manufacturers, alsoincludes cross-references that allow read-ers to follow the path from the manufac-turer to the product and its use and viceversa, as well as a subject index and listof names,

House A

All of the detail drawings are drawn to ascale of 1:10.The yellow squares refer to specific texts.The diverse building components havebeen developed as variations and repre-sent exemplary solutions that must beadapted to specific marginal conditions,prevailing legislation, standards and man-ufacturers' recommendations. Theauthors shall not be liable for any claimsmade against them on the basis of thematerial presented here.

10

House A

House A

12 Exterior wall, plinth13 Interior wall, floor above basement14 Exterior wall, floor/ceiling, window15 Interiorwall, floor/ceiling, door16 Exterior wall, ceiling, eaves17 Exterior wall, ceiling, verge18 Exterior wall, services installation shaft19 Party wall

House AExterior Wall, Plinth

House AInterior Wall, Floor above Basement

Under DIN 18195, and to ensure that thewood is protected, a plinth height of30 cm must be observed. Although aplinth can be lower in principle, specialmeasures must be taken where this is thecase, for example: a roof overhang, off-sets, weather-protected sides, andcoarse gravel strips to reduce watersplashing.

The perimeter insulation of the exteriorbasement wall is covered on the outsidefor aesthetic reasons and to offer protec-tion against any mechanical damage, forinstance, with a fibre-cement slab.

Lib

The perimeter insulation and the wallstructure must be made to harmonise withone another at the transition of the perim-eter insulation to the facade. The cross-section for the ventilation must not beobstructed in any way. If banked-upcoarse gravel is used to push the lowerpanel edge against the insulating board,the fibre-cement slab need only be fas-tened with a batten along its upper edge.The vertical panel joint must be executedin a way that prevents moisture fromseeping behind the panel.

U c

The wooden sill plate must take up thetolerances of the concrete floor above thebasement, The joint is sealed with high-expansion cement mortar. The wooden sillplate must be impregnated both to pro-tect it and insulate it from the concretefloor. Chemical wood preservative is notnecessary if timber species with a highresistance class are used. To attach thebar-reinforced sill plate to the floor, theplate is drilled through and then anchoredwith a heavy-duty bolt, taking care that asafe distance is maintained to the edge ofthe concrete.

(Alternatively, the sill plate can be fixedwith an angle attached to the side or witha ragbolt cast in concrete,)

d

The exterior wall construction consists of12 x 12 cm posts with a unit spacing of125 cm, and a vertical or horizontal inter-mediate structure adapted both to thesubstructure of the exterior and interiorlining and to the format of the thermalinsulation. Insulation can be applied panelor roll form, or sprayed on in flake form.Flakes should only be injected if there aresealed chambers between the posts.A softboard is fixed across the entirebearing structure to reduce heat lossthrough the structure and the joints. Thepanels, to which battens can be directlyfixed, are rebated to provide draught-proofing.

If a fibrous insulating material is used.vertical battening and some kind ofdraughtproofing will be necessary.

The ventilation cross-section between theweatherboarding and the inner board issufficient to ensure ventilation of the exte-rior skin.If more resistant and well-patinated woodspecies such as larch, cedar and Doug-las fir are used, the surface boardingneed not be treated. However, this will notprevent the wood from greying, which isharmless in any case. If other woods areused, a weather-protective layer, such asa glaze or a coat of paint, will be neces-sary - depending on the resistance class.

f

The interior lining comprises verticalmatchboards attached to a horizontal bat-ten substructure. If the post spacing is125 cm, the substructure should have across-section of at least 30 x 50 mm or -better s t i l l -40x60 mm.In this area, dimensional tolerances canbe compensated for and electrical cableslaid. However, there is too little space tofit electric sockets here without piercingthe vapour retarding layer inside the ther-mal insulation. As it is difficult to mountconnections on the vapour retarding layer,electric sockets and switches should beinstalled on the Interior walls wheneverpossible.

•The load-bearing interior walls also con-sist of 12 x 12-cm post with horizontalrails. The sill plate must be anchored inthe same way as the exterior wall to thefloor above the basement. It is not neces-sary to observe minimum distances (thestairwell being an exception) between theheavy-duty bolt and the concrete edgehere.

When constructing the floor, care must betaken that the sill plate is high enough toensure that the floating screed terminatesat an edge insulating strip. Although flushskirting boards offer a more elegant solu-tion, they are also more expensive.

Dh

The electrical installations are routedthrough the cavity in the interior wall,which is soundproofed with a mineral- orcoconut-fibre panel. If stable load-bearingstructures are used (for example, solidstructural timber with additional horizontalrails), the boarding can be mounteddirectly. Alternatively, plywood or OSBpanelling can be used.

12 13

House AExterior Wall, Floor/Ceiling, Window

The window, which is mounted flush withthe wall and tixed to the rail at sill levelwith a metal angle, provides a simpletransition to the overlapping verticalweatherboards. Care must be taken thatthe angle is mounted on the bearingstructure in front of the soft particleboard.The draughtproofing can be fixed to a bat-ten beneath the outer window frame.A similar procedure is adopted on theinside when connecting the vapour retard-ing layer to fhe prefabricated windowframe, which is fixed to the outer frame.Before the vapour retarding layer ismounted, the joint between the windowframe and the bearing structure must becarefully filled out or foam-filled with insu-lating material.

Joint sealing tape must also be applied toensure that the window is airtight.In January 2002, the Ordinance onEnergy Saving came into effect, whichtightened up the requirements for exteriorwalls. Under the ordinance, these wallsmust be constructed and verified astotally draught-proof enclosures. Thisapplies, in fact, to all junctions, especiallyfor those at the window surrounds.

._. b

The exposed transverse joists in the floorsare fixed to the posts with galvanisedsteel sheet Joist hangers. To ensure thatvapour is fully retarded, a section of foil -to which the vapour retarding layer is sub-sequently attached - is attached to thebearing structure when the beam is fixed.A board is fitted between the beams to abatten substructure to create a flush con-nection to the interior wall cladding andcover the underside of the joint betweenthe panelling and the bearing structure.This step is necessary as swelling maycause movement in the panelling.To prevent airborne noise entering at theedge of the ceiling, the joint between thefloor and the wall must be carefully filledin with insulating material.

14

House AInterior Wall, Floor/Ceiling, Door

— c

As a structural grid of 125 cm has beenchosen for the building, tongued-and-grooved floor covering is required. A floorcomprising plain floorboards on timberbearing strips laid loose and filled withinsulating material will suffice for adetached house. If prefabricated parquetor sheet flooring is preferred, it is advisa-ble to lay the flooring on a load-bearingsurface of ready mixed dry screed. Air-borne-sound insulation can be optimisedby putting loose fill beneath the impact-sound insulation or by ballasting the floorstructure with, for example, paving flagsattached with adhesive to give a shear-resistant bond.

d

The joint between the lintel beam and thedoorframe is filled in with insulating mate-rial to improve the sound insulation of theinterior wall. The rebate in the solid doorframe not only seals the joint with the inte-rior-wall lining, but also creates a harmo-nious transition between the door andwindow flashing on the one hand, and theinterior boarding on the other.

De

The fioor joists rest on the head of theinterior load-bearing wall, The spacebetween the joists is sealed with an addi-tional rail at the same level as the joists.This area can now be covered with aboard, as was the case with the exteriorwall.

f

The solid door frame is connected to thefloor by a threshold, a measure which notonly ensures greater stability when trans-porting the door frame, but also makes itpossible to lay the flooring without havingto fit it into the door reveal.To provide adequate impact-sound insula-tion here too, an insulating strip is fittedbetween the threshold and the flooring.The joint between the threshold and theplanks is filled with a cork strip to absorbany movements in the materials.

15

House AExterior Wall, Floor/Ceiling, Eaves

House AExterior Wall, Floor/Ceiling, Verge

•A sheet-metal covering joined with lockeddouble-welt standing seams and laid on aseparation layor has been chosen for theroof covering. If the separation layer is toserve as sheathing, a more resistantmaterial, appropriately laid, should beused. The rafter spacing of 62.5 cm cor-responds to the support-grid of 125 cm.Instead of planed boarding, a panel ofwatertight adhesive bonded plywood hasbeen used, which allows the roof-skinoverhang to be extended over the ends ofthe rafters at the eaves. A chemical woodpreservative, as required under DIM 68800, is unnecessary.As the overhang is to be fixed to the raft-ers, its size must be adapted to the lengthof the gutter bracket. The panel widthsare obtained by dividing a standard panelin equal parts to avoid waste, for exampleby quartering a 125 cm-wide panel.

b

The floor beneath the roof void isdesigned in the same way as the upperfloor, whose joists are connected to theposts by beams. A carpenter fits thevapour retarding layer and the thermalinsulation in sections, connecting themwith the ceiling boarding to the roofboarding of the profiled planks. They arethen covered with a water-repellentdraughtproofing designed to allow diffu-sion. The roof overhang on the gable sidecalls for a relatively large cross-sectionfor the projecting eaves purlins. Thedraughtproofing is attached to the eavespuriin.

nc

To ensure that the roof edge is kept asnarrow as possible, the seam at the vergeis bent over and bonded to the overhang-ing roof boarding to form a drip batten.The building's low height allows for asheet bay width of 62,5 cm and therebyharmonises the locked double-welt stand-ing seams with the rafter arrangement,which corresponds to half the structuralgrid.

d

In the gable area, the exterior wall struc-ture only extends as far as the fioorbeneath the roof void. The roof void is notinsulated to the outside. In order to fit theinsulation, the draughtproofing and thevapour retarding layer ai the transition fromthe wall to the ceiling, an edge beam hasbeen fitted to the roof boarding so thatthe individual insulating layers can beattached to both its long sides.

The vertical exterior boarding extends asfar as the lower edge of the roof board-ing; it is screwed to a plank running alongthe edge rafter on the lower side of theroof boarding. At this edge, air from boththe ventilated roof and the wall construc-tion can escape through the ventilationcross-section of the overlapping verticalweatherboarding.

f

A vertical plank, fixed to the side of theposts, will provide sufficient support forthe load-bearing roof boarding at thegable wall.

16 17

House AExterior Wall. Services Installation Shaft

House AParty Wall

The exterior corner of the overlappingvertical weatherboarding is easily madeby connecting the window boards to cre-ate a butt joint. The boards are fixed tothe horizontal battens with nails or screwsof stainless steel (they may be galvanisedonly in exceptional cases! to avoid corro-sion stains on the boarding, Each boardis fixed separately to avoid tension due toswelling and shrinkage.The joint can be made airtight by overlap-ping or bonding the boards at the corner.

Normally, boards of equal width are usedfor the overlapping vertical weatherboard-ing, As the outer boards overlap thosebeneath them - approx. 25 mm on eachside - the boards appear to be of differ-ent widths. This system allows for differ-ences in spacing between the boards,obviating the need to use door and win-dow flashings of special widths. It isessential that the facade be plannedcarefully and all measurements be pre-cisely attuned to the positioning of theboards.

When windows are installed flush, theymust be attached to the side of the outerframe in such a way that the overlappingweatherboard seals the joint between theouter frame and the wall. There is noneed for the casement to be rebated atthe side. The draughtproofing, insulationand the vapour retarding layer are con-nected to the wall structure in preciselythe same way as the window to the linteland the parapet beam.

For the services shaft, a substructurecomprising 6 x 20 or 8 x 20 cm posts isnecessary. Optimally, it is constructedhalf a grid space in the exterior wall toreduce the span of the planking. Ceramictiles are bonded to the gypsum fibreboardor impregnated plasterboard (identifica-tion colour: green).

When connecting the sanitary fittings, thelocation and dimensions of the posts andrails must be taken into consideration, [fthe rib spacing exceeds 40 cm, two lay-ers of plasterboard will be necessary.

In the area of the shaft, the vapour retard-ing layer is fixed to the inside of the bear-ing structure to ensure that the servicelines do not unnecessarily penetrate thevapour retarding layer,The floor structure continues through theservices shaft. If lines run vertically, theceiling boarding must be drilled or cut outto the size of the conduits.

Dd

According to the building regulations andDIN 4102, a party wall must comply withfire resistance class F 30 B on the roomside and F 90 B in the cavity.These requirements are fulfilled on theinterior by using a single layer of plankingwith 12.5 mm fire-resistant plasterboard.For the exterior, two-layers of plankingwith fire-resistant plasterboard ( 2 x 1 8 mm)are required. In the case of terracedhouses, this requirement applies to bothbuildings. During construction, the side ofthe building must be planked before thewall is erected,

The expansion joint between the housesis not filled for reasons of sound insulation.A vapour retarding layer and draught-proofing are not necessary in the partywall. All things considered, this type ofwall structure is a relatively costly andtime-consuming affair. In timber construc-tion, however, there is no recognisedalternative to this approach.

Under the building regulations, a terracedhouse is a low-rise building whose partywalls are constructed like compartmentwalls. In the cavity, the F 90 planking canend at the inside of the overlapping verti-cal weatherboarding. The boarding venti-lation space must, however, be sealedwith a non-flammable insulating materialsuch as mineral fibre extending at leastthe width of the party wall. The boardingcan be continued uninterrupted acrossthe expansion joint.

18 19

House I

20

House.

22 Exterior wall, plinth23 Interior wall, sole plate24 Exterior wall, foundation25 Interior wall, foundation26 Exterior wall, floor/ceiling, window27 Interior wall, floor/ceiling, door28 Exterior wall, eaves29 Exterior wall, verge30 Exterior wall, corner31 Party wall

21

House BExterior Wall, Plinth

House BInterior Wall, Sole Plate

Before constructing a floating foundationwith a load-bearing reinforced concreteslab on frost blanket gravel, it is first nec-essary to carry out preliminary investiga-tions to determine the soil type and estab-lish its bearing capacity. A rapidly drain-ing, concentrated soil with a good bear-ing capacity is absolutely essential. Thetop layer of soil must be replaced by alayer of clean gravel approx. 40 cm deep,which is then carefully compressed andcovered with a sub-base of 5-10 cm-thick grade B5 concrete on which thereinforced floor slab is cast.

Db

On the interior, the floor slab must bethermally insulated beneath the screed.The transition to the exterior wall is a weakpoint. This problem can be overcome(and the planned insulation standardmaintained) by fitting impervious thermalInsulation to the front side of the sole plateand covering the insulation either with aflat fibre-cement slab or concrete roofingtiles.

Prior to installing the prefabricated exte-rior wall elements, a sill is put in place,aligned, underlaid and fixed to the con-crete slab with either lug angles and dow-els or anchor bolts. The space betweenthe sill and the floor slab is filled with high-expansion cement mortar. Since it is par-ticularly exposed to hazards, the sill mustbe protected to meet hazard class 2requirements. Alternately, a very resistantwood species can be used, which willeliminate the need for chemical woodprotection.

The damp-proof course on the floor slabis first bonded or welded to the sealbeneath the sill. Then the plasterboardlining is attached to the elements, whichare initially left unclad on the interior.

d

A permit must be obtained from the build-ing supervisory authorities before the pre-fabricated insulated wall elements can beerected. Although these elements aresubsequently panelled on both sides(clad elements), with most wooden con-structions it is customary to panel themwith plywood sheeting or plasterboard onthe outside only at first, and to leave themunclad on the room side until they have

been fitted to the structural timbers (soft-wood timbers measuring 6 x 12 to 6 x16 cm, depending on the insulationstandard).The above procedure makes it easier tofix the sill to the floor and install the wallelements.If the panelling is to be used for reinforce-ment, permission must first be obtainedfrom the building supervisory authorities.The elements are screwed to the con-struction, which is then sound insulated,vapour retarded and lined on the interiorwith plasterboard or wood-based panels.

If the interior panelling is to be attacheddirectly to the structural timber elements.great care must be taken when planningthe services, particularly the electricinstallations. If there is no alternative toconnecting sockets to the exterior wall,protected sockets with an adhesive edgemust be used. The sockets must be care-fully bonded to the vapour retarding layerand provided with external insulation.

The height of the elements correspondsto that of the room(s), which, in turn, mustcomply with standard board dimensions.The element lengths partly depend on themethod of transport and assembly used.Elements can extend the entire width ofthe house.

The interior wall elements, which mustcomply with the standard dimensions ofboard materials and construction timbers,comprise structural limbers made of soft-wood and measure 6/12 cm (centre dis-tance = 62.5 cm). Like the exterior wallelements, they should initially be panelledon one side only. Once they have beenconstructed and installed, they should beclad with plasterboard or wooden panels.If the cavity between the structural timberelements has not been completely filledwith expanded mica, cellulose flakes, etc.,it should be filled with mineral or coconut-fibre sound insulation at least 30-40 mmor - preferably - 60 mm thick.Higher sound-insulation values can beobtained by applying double panelling orfitting additional "floating" panel claddingwith flexible wall connections.

f

Appropriately bonded wooden panels orimpregnated plasterboard (identificationcolour green) must be used in the humidrooms. Gypsum fibreboard has the advan-tage of not requiring additional treatment.Two layers of gypsum fibreboard will benecessary if humid rooms are to be tiledor the spacing between the structural tim-bers exceeds approx. 42 cm.

The shrinkage ratio of the noggings mustbe taken into account when attaching thepanelling. Owing to their cross-section,this ratio is small and can be reduced stillfurther by using pre-dried wood.

22 23

House BExterior Wall, Foundation

A different and perhaps more consistentapproach to wood construction as a "dry"construction method is to use a floor con-struction comprising structural timber ele-ments and with excellent thermal insula-tion, and to panel them on both sides.(These elements have dimensions ofapprox. 6 x 20 cm, determined staticallyand in accordance with insulation stand-ards.) The rising walls are connected tothe aligned and fixed floor elements.Cemented chipboard and fibrated concreteslabs make suitable underside panels.

The cavity between the infilling and theunderside of the elements must be per-manently ventilated. This can be done byinstalling correspondingly large gratedopenings on both sides of the terracedhouse.

Floating dry screed composed of wood,plasterboard, or gypsum fibreboardpanels should be installed as a dryconstruction.The PE-foil under the impact-sound insu-lation serves as a vapour retarding layerand simultaneously provides draughtinsulation.

24

House BInterior Wall, Foundation

Beneath the interior walls, there is noneed for frost-proof foundations or forcontinuous footing concreted to the soil orplanked. The position of the footing isdetermined by that of the floor elementsand the load-bearing interior walls.The floor elements should be formed as aplate and anchored to the foundation withauthorised dowels or connection anglesand stone bolts. AW 100 plywood strips orhigh-expansion cement mortar can beused to equalise out any unevenness. Avapour barrier of, say, polymeric bitumenor plastic sheet is fitted between the floorelements and the foundations to preventany damage through moisture. The abut-ting joint between the elements must besealed with insulating strips and sealingtape,

25

House BExterior Wall, Floor/Ceiling, Window

The wall elements are held together by,and aligned with, the upper headpiece.The floor, which is composed of gluedlaminated beams or glued laminated tim-bers, is fitted and bolted in elementwidths of between 60 and 250 cm(beams) or 62.5 and 100 cm (timbers).Mounting and shrinkage must be takeninto account when choosing the width.During the construction phase, the wood- especially the solid elements - must beprotected from the weather at all times toprevent damage through moisture andswelling.

If necessary, diaphragm action can beensured by joining the elements to makethem shear-resistant.

u b

To ensure that the light, effectively insu-lated wooden waif fulfils its function, thevapour retarding layer must be connectedto the wall at the floor edge in a way thatallows for subsequent inspection. Corre-spondingly long sections of flexible plasticsheeting that allow for diffusion must bewrapped round the end of the floor andfixed on the upper side of the floor to thevapour retarding layer sheeting of theinstalled wall elements.

The selected assembly system and pointin time when the exterior wall cladding isinstalled determine whether the surface-finished windows are assembled in theworkshop or on site, and whether they areinstalled with or without glazing.The windows must be fitted to the struc-ture with a section of vapour-resistant,flexible plastic that is fixed to the windowframe.

The joint between the lintel and the win-dow frame performs a vital function dur-ing installation in absorbing tolerancesand movements. It should be filled withan insulating material (mineral fibres, min-eral wool, sheep's wool, etc.) and sealedwith a pre-compressed seating tape orpermanently elastic sealing material. Thestringent requirements of the energy con-servation regulations must be observed(see also p. 14a).

26

House BInterior Wall, Floor/Ceiling, Door

d

The ceiling's structural connection to theinterior walls corresponds to that of theexterior walls. The problems related tofitting the vapour retarding layer anddraughtproofing do not apply here.

The joint between the lintel and the door-frame is constructed in the same way asthat of the window (see item c). Therequirements of building physics con-cerning heat, vapour and draughts, whichpresent considerable practical problems,do not apply here.

f

The floor structure, which is composed ofparquet, dry screed and impact insulation,has been made 3 cm thicker than usual toinclude a services shaft which, in turn,accommodates the larger number ot lineslaid along the floor/ceiling. The problemof power-supply lines crossing oneanother can only be surmounted by care-ful planning.

Even with such a relatively "complex"ceiling structure, additional measures canbe taken to improve airborne-sound insu-lation by, for example, using "sand hon-eycombs".

27

House BExterior Wall, Eaves

aThe roof floor of glued laminated beams orglued laminated timbers is fitted to thesupport and screwed to the sill. As withthe floor, a section of plastic sheet thaiallows diffusion is guided around theheadpiece of the roof floor and fixed tothe floor vapour retarding layer. The sheetends must be either bonded together orwell overlapped and fastened.

b

The height of the cross rafters is deter-mined by the thickness of the thermalinsulation.Covering the insulation with vapour per-meable, water-repellent paper, or withplastic sheeting displaying the same quali-ties, ensures that any precipitation (rain,drifting snow...) or "secondary" meltwater(changes in weather or cold night air thatcools the underside of the non-suckingroofing material) can drain off, and thatthere is no reduction in insulation value.Ventilation and drainage are ensured bycounter battens and a triangular cleat ofperforated plate, which is fixed to theeaves flashing with tingles.

The eaves flashing rests on a plywoodstrip, for which the cross-rafters are cutout. II is advisable to bolt the flush coun-tersunk gutter hanger onto a continuousfascia.

The dimensions and spacing chosen forthe rafter-supporting purlins depend onthe corrugated sheet roofing used.

House BExterior Wall, Verge

28

The width of the insulating panels mustbe greater than the clear spacing of thecross rafters to accommodate the slightlycompacted thermal insulation installedbetween them, which has to compensatefor any wood shrinkage.The division of the substructure intocross-rafters and counter battens ensuresthat the vapour-permeable protectivelayer is level and remains securely fixed.

The main goal here (depending on thethermal-insulation requirements for theroof) is to ensure that the continuous raft-ers do not create a thermal bridge. Thiscan be avoided by installing a secondinsulating layer, as shown in the examplehere. Another solution is to place insula-tion beneath the foil between the horizon-tal counter battens, or to install continu-ous bituminous fibreboard decking, whichsimultaneously acts as a protective layer.

The efficiency of the various insulatingmeasures and the utility of a houselargely depends on whether the protec-tive layers, which take the diverse loadsimposed on a building (thermal, moisture,air), can be applied consistently andsafely to all connections. They must alsobe open to inspection.

The storage capacity of the heavy roofmembers improves thermal protectionduring the summer.

29

House BExterior Wall, Corner

House BParty Wall

•If the substructure unit spacing of62.5 cm is observed, the plywood panels(which are generally 125 cm wide) can bescrewed in the centre of the panels andat their edges. The width of the coverstrips has to be calculated accurately toensure that the edge spacing of thescrews is sufficient, and to fully cover thescrew heads. Narrower cover stripsshould not be used unless an alternativeway is found of fixing the facing panels(e.g. by screwing them onto more closelyspaced substructure elements) and thepanel edges only has to be cramped bythe screwed-down cover strips.

Although the absence of a visible boltedconnection (with a shadow gap, sealingtape and a correspondingly wide sub-structure) on a smooth large plywoodcladding panel does justice to the mate-rial, it nevertheless exposes the paneledges. This, in turn, makes it almostimpossible to prevent water absorptionand heightens the risk of damage ormovement from swelling and shrinkage.The following protective measures can betaken here: reduce the weather loads,e.g. by circumspect alignment of thebuilding, use large roof overhangs or can-tilevered balcony slabs, and give alledges water-repellent treatment. As theseprecautions were not taken in the exam-ple presented here, a more resistant jointwas chosen and secured with coverstrips.

Db

The elements are jointed at the corner.Although the corner design shown hereis atypical for wooden frame construc-tions, it does make it easier to connectthe elements in an open corner joint.After it has been screwed together, thecorner must be sealed on the outside witha prefabricated, thermally insulated metalangle.

The greater requirements (regardingbuilding physics! placed on the exposedoutside corner mean that considerablecare must be taken when installing thethermal insulation and the vapour retardinglayer. The joint must be completelypacked with insulating material (filling,injecting) and the angle sealed with tape(buthyl, for instance) beneath the overlap-ping joint of the vapour retarding layer(nailed/clamped and bonded).

According to the Building Regulationsand DIN 4102 T-4, party walls must havea fire-resistance class of F 30-B (interior)and F 90-B (exterior). These requirementscan be met using glued laminated beamsor glued laminated timber elements whichare panelled accordingly on the outside(in contrast to trie procedure adoptedfor House A). If this method is chosen,the construction must be inspected anda permit may have to be obtained. Asan alternative to leaving an air spacebetween the party walls, an elastic insulat-ing material could be used here (e.g.building class A, melting point > 1000 °C).

• d

II is necessary to establish the requiredacoustic reduction (required Bw = 57 dBor 67 dB for greater sound insulation).Sound insulation can be improved evenmore with an interior facing shell of plas-terboard panels on spring shackles.

The expansion joint must extend to theouter edge of the exterior wall.The width of the non-flammable backfillinsulation must be established in co-oper-ation with the responsible authority.

31

Products Products

Products

Timber34 Solid wood35 Structural solid wood36 Glued laminated timber37 Glued laminated beams38 Boards/planks39 Profile boards

Manufactured Wood Products40 Blockboard and laminated board41 Three- and five-ply panels42 Laminated construction board43 Parallel laminated veneer44 Parallel strand lumber45 Laminated strand lumber46 Oriented strand board47 Fibreboard48 Flat-pressed boards49 Extruded particle boards50 Fibre-Reinforced cement boards

Building Boards51 Fibre cement boards52 Plasterboard53 Gypsum fibreboard

Insulating Materials545556575859606162636465

Wood fibreBituminated fibreboardCorkExpandable polystyreneExtruded polystyrenePolyurethaneMineral woolSheep's wool/cotton woolFlax/hempCoconut fibreCellulosePerlite/swelling clay

Sheathing paper666768

Vapour retarding layer/vapour barrisrDamp-proofingProduct overview

Joints and Fasteners7071727374

DowelsAnchors/boltsScrews/staplesNaiIs/Nail PlatesSheet steel brackets

76 Wood preservation

78 Joint sealing tapes

TimberSolid Wood

TimberStructural Solid Wood

Solid Wood

DIN 1052-1DIN 4074-1DIN 68365DIN EN 350-2Thermal conductivity:

Vapour diffusion resistance factor:H = 40

Raw density: dependent on timberspeciesp - 450-800 kg/nV

Computation weight in accordance withDIN 1055-1:4-6kN/m3

Building material classification:B2

Thermal capacity:C = 350 kJ/mJK

Wood moisture content:as dry structural wood < 20 %

Amount of swelling and shrinkageper % change in wood moisture0.24 % across the grain

Commonly used timber species• spruce• fir• pine• larch• Douglas fir

DimensionsCross-section dimensions for squaretimber stock [cm]:6/6, 6/8. 6/12,8/8, 8/10, 8/12, 8/1610/10. 10/12,10,20, 10/2212/12, 12/14, 12/16, 12/20, 12/2414/14, 14/16,16/16, 16/18, 16/20,18/2220/20, 20/24

Length:depending on the sawing facilities of thesawmill: up to 16 m.

Material• Solid wood is debarked round timber

and converted building timber (squaredtimber, planks, boards and laths) ofsoftwood (coniferous wood) and hard-wood (wood from deciduous trees).

• Structural timber is round wood or sawntimber. The cross-sections of load-bear-ing building elements are dimensionedin relation to the load-bearing capacityof the wood species in question.

• Converted building timbers are laths,planks and squared (softwood) timber.The following types of sawn timber aredistinguished according to their thick-ness-to-width ratio:

LathBoard

'Thickness dHeight h [mm]d <. 40_d<:40

Squared timberiblfh <. 3b

Width bJmm]b<80b:>80

b >40

UseSawn softwood may be used in all areasof construction. When load-bearingtimbers are used for external buildingelements, appropriate measures must betaken to preserve the wood (treatmentwith chemicals or structural reinforce-ment). In order to minimise fluctuations inwood moisture as well as the related neg-ative consequences brought about byshrinkage and swelling, the moisture con-tent of the wood used should correspondto its moisture content in service.

In-service moisture content:Heated buildings enclosed on all sides9 ± 3 %

Without heating1 2 ± 3 %

Covered, open buildings15 ± 3 %

Constructions exposed to the weather onall sides 18 ± 6 %

For invitations to tender and orders:• Sawn wood species•DIN• Grade• Wood species• Sawn wood grade• Wood moisture• Thickness/height• Width• LengthCalculated per m/m3

GradingStructural wood, which is dimensioned inrelation to its load-bearing capacity, mustbe graded mechanically, in relation to itsload-bearing capacity, prior to use.• Depending on the grading procedure,

the moduli of elasticity, raw density,knottiness and grain deviation arerecorded and the sawn timbers graded.The mechanical grades are: MS 7,MS 10, MS 13, MS 17 (see appendix)

• When wood is graded visually, the fol-lowing characteristics have to be con-sidered: the wane, knots, annual-ringwidth, slope of grain, cracks, stains,compression wood, insect damage,mistletoe attack and warp. The visualgrades are: S 7, S 10, S 13 (see appen-dix). The DIN standards S 7, S 10, S 13correspond to the old quality classes I,II, Ml.

There is no difference between visual andmechanical grades with respect to load-bearing capacity.

Sawn timber grades:Sawn-woodgradeSABC

Grading

-S13S10S7

Permissiblewane-1/81/3Saw-markedsides

Manufacturerfs)Converted building timber is availabledirectly from sawmills as dimensional tim-ber (square timber stock) and can beordered in a wide variety of cross-sectiondimensions and lengths.

InformationBundesverband Deutscher Holzhandele.V.Bund Deutscher Zimmermeister e.V.LignumProholz

Structural Solid Wood

DIN 1052-1DIN 1052-1/A1DIN 4074-1Thermal conductivity:


Raw density:p = 470-590 kg/mLi

Computation weight according toDIN 1055-1:4-6 kN/m3


Wood moisture content:15 ± 3 %


Wood species:• spruce•fir•pine• larch

Dimensions (mmj60x120/140/160/18060 x 200/24080 x 120/140/160/200/240'00x120/200120x120/200/240

Length: with finger jointing any number of'engths is possible

MaterialStructural solid wood is a convertedbuilding pinewood which, due to its fieldof application, is subject to very stringentrequirements. Its load-bearing capacity(S 10) and appearance are gradedaccording to the DIN 4044-1 hardwoodstandard.

Additional requirements apply which gobeyond DIN 4074-1 with respect to woodmoisture content, dimensional stability/size consistency, sawing method, limi-tation of crack width, and - in the case ofvisible building elements - surfacequality.

identificationThe product must display a kite mark.In addition, it must bear the kite mark ofthe Uberwachungsgemeinschaft Kon-struktionsvollholz aus deutscher Produk-tion e.V. (accreditation body for Germansolid structural wood products).

UseStructural solid wood is primarily usedwhen the wood used has to fulfil strictrequirements concerning its load-bearingcapacity, appearance, dimensional accu-racy and shape retention. In woodenhouse construction, structural solid woodis used primarily in the construction offully insulated structures.

As the wood has a moisture content of15 ± 3 %, it need not be treated withchemical preservatives.

For invitations to tender and orders:• Structural solid wood• Identification• Wood species• Thickness/height- Width• Length• SurfaceCalculated per m/m3

ManufactureWood finishes are categorised accordingto use:• structural solid timber for visible struc-

tures (planed and chamfered)• structural solid timber for concealed

structures (levelled and chamfered, withthe heart plank removed)

In both cases, finger jointing is permissi-ble as spring-actuated longitudinal joint-ing. This type of jointing does not weakenthe cross section of the wood and neednot be taken into account during stressdetection.In the case of visible structural solid tim-ber, a heart-free cut is obligatory for crosssections of up to 100 mm. This is madeby removing a 40 mm-thick heart plank, Aheart-free cut is obligatory for all othercross-sectional thicknesses and for theentire range of visible structural solidwoods.

Manufacturerfs) (selection)Ante-Holz GmbHEugen Decker HolzindustrieAmbros Fichtner HolzwerkAnton Heggenstaller AGAnton Hess GmbH+Co KGHulster-Holz GmbH & Co.KGJohann Kirchhoff GmbHMerkle Holz GmbHRettenmeier GmbH & Co.KGHolz Schmidt GmbHSchollmayer Holz GmbHMatthaus Sturm GmbHHolzwerke Wimmer GmbH

InformationUberwachungsgemeinschaftKonstruklionsvollholz aus deutscherProduktion e.V.

Bund Deutscher Zimmermeister e.V.Bundesverband Deutscher

Holzhandel e.V.

TimberGlued Laminated Timber

TimberGlued Laminated Beams

Glued Laminated Timber

DIN 1052-1/A1 EC 5DIN 4074-1Thermal conductivity:

*.ri=0.13W/mKVapour diffusion resistance factor:H - 4 0

Raw density - depending on the woodspecies:p = 450-800 kg/m3


Computation weight in accordance withDIN 1055-1:4 to 5 kN/m3

Wood moisture content:8-12%

Amount of swelling and shrinkageper % change in wood moisture:0.24 % across the grain

Wood species:• spruce, fir, larch• Douglas fir, Western hemlock,• Southern pine, Yellow cedar

Types of glue:Urea-formaldehyde resin (UF)Melamine modified urea-formaldehyderesin (MUF)Phenol resorcinol resin (PRF)Polyurethane (PU)

DimensionsRecommended width [cm]: 8-22Height [cm]: up to 200The height-to-width (h/w) ratio of 1/10must not be exceededLength [m]: up to 30.Overlengths or up to 50 m are possible(check for transportability)

MaterialGlue-laminated timber is a modified solidwood in which the weakening influence ofgrowth-related defects has been largelycancelled out.Glued laminated timber is composed of atleast three sheets of softwood timberglued under pressure, parallel lo thegrain, to create stable building elements.

Glued laminated timber grades

Glued laminatedtimber gradeBS11BS14

Grade oflaminatesS 10, MS 10S13

BS18MS 13MS 17

UseSynthetic resin glues with a urea-formal-dehyde resin basis may be used for non-water-resistant gluing. The glued joint islight in colour and barely distinguishablefrom the wood.If water-resistant gluing is required, syn-thetic resin glues with a phenol, resorcin,melamine or polyurethane basis must beused. Phenol and resorcin resins areidentifiable by the dark-brown glued jointsthey make, whereas modified melamineresins are light to chocolate-brown in col-our. Polyurethane joints are light andtransparent.

Glued laminated timber that is exposeddirectly to Ihe vicissitudes of the weatherrequires additional chemical treatmentwith oleaginous wood preservatives.

For invitations to tender and orders;• Wood species• Glued laminated timber grade• Width, height, length• Gluing• Surface• Wood preservation measuresCalculated per m3

ManufactureThe individual laminates used to makeglued laminated timber must be at least6mm thick and not exceed 33 mm.Straight building components may be42 mm thick provided that they are notsubject to extreme, climatically inducedload changes.

The laminates are dried and planed. Allnatural defects such as excessively largeknots and pieces of bark are removedmechanically. Abutments are staggeredand glued as finger joints and clamppressed.

Load-bearing components may only bemanufactured by authorised enterprises.These components must be clearly identified with kite marks.

Manufacturers) {selection}Achberger Ingenieur Holzbau GmbHGrossmann Bau GmbHHaas Fertigbau GmbHHarle Karl GmbHKaufmann HolzbauwerkMaier Holzbau GmbHMerk Holzbau GmbHZeh Ulrich GmbH&Co.KG

InformationDeutsche Gesellschaft fur Holzforschunge.V. DGfHStudiengemeinschaft Holzleimbau e.V,Gutegemeinschaft BS-Holz e.V.Otto-Graf-lnstitut

Glued Laminated Beams

Non-standardisedThey may only be used if permission is

[granted on the basis of the local Building[Regulations in each individual case.

thermal conductivity:Wl t t = 0.13W/mK^Vapour diffusion resistance factor:

Raw density:p = 450-800 kg/m-1 depending on the

wood species usedComputation weight in accordance with•DIN 1055-1:| 4-5 kN/m3

Suilding material classification:B2

Thermal capacity:C = 350 kJ/mJK

Wood moisture content:1 5 ± 3 %

Amount of swelling and shrinkageper percentage change in wood moisture0.24 % across the grain

dimensions|Beam height [cm]:

Walls 6,8-12Floors/ceilings 12-24

MaterialGlued laminated beams are solid, flat,building elements. They are composed oflayers of boards or planks connected toeach other with nails or hardwood driftbolts. The quality of the original material isnot subject to particularly high minimalrequirements. Laminations of gradesS7/S10 are sufficient. Side boards can beused. Although there are no obligatorylamination thicknesses, the customarysawmill thicknesses of 24-32 mm, or upto 60 mm in special cases, are recom-mended. Boards and planks with thick-nesses between 32 mm and 45 mm areoften used for visible structures.

UseFloors, ceilings, roofs, (both bearing andnon-bearing] can be constructed withglued laminated beams. The individualbeams are used vertically in the wall ele-ments.Additional measures can be taken if dia-phragm action is desired.Solid wooden elements have a far higherstorage capacity and therefore providebetter thermal insulation during the sum-mer months than wooden framework wallconstructions.The individual elements are connectedwith groove-and-tongue joints, rebates orflat steel connections. Swelling andshrinkage must be taken into considera-tion when selecting element widths. Inorder to avoid swelling, the wood must beeffectively we at her proofed to protect itduring transport, storage and installation.

This system, which has a high load-bear-ing capacity, allows for extremely slendercross sections. A variety of compositeconstruction systems involving the use ofconcrete are available on the market.

For invitations to tender and orders:- Manufacturer• Wood species• Thickness/width/length• SurfaceCalculated per m/mJ

ManufactureGlued laminated beams are generallyprefabricated. After the laminations havebeen dried to a wood moisture content of15 + 3% they are levelled, arrangedclose together lengthways, and gluedwith staggered joints in a continuousprocess. Laminations of the same thick-ness and width are used. The couplingforce can be transferred to the laminationjoints by using more nails, or by gluing orfinger jointing. The joint can be strength-ened by using profiled boards on thefaces.

Floor/ceiling openings and other open-ings must be taken into considerationwhen manufacturing glued laminatedbeams.

The elements can be prefabricated inlengths of up to 2.40 m, depending ontransportability. Lengths should notexceed 12 m.

Manufacturer(s) (selection)Bau-Barth-HolzbauelementeHolzbau Becke & Sohn GmbHHiwo Holzindustrie Waldburgzu Wolfegg GmbH & Co. KG

Rudolf Janssen GmbH & Co. KGKaufmann HolzbauwerkeKaufmann Massivholz GmbHKobus

InformationFachagentur HolzBund Deutscher Zimmermeister

36 37

TimberBoards/Planks

TimberProfile Boards

Boards/Planks

DIN 4071-1DIN 4071-1Thermal conductivity:

k,,= 0.13W/mKVapour diffusion resistance factor:

H = 40Raw density:p = 350-500 kg/m1 depending on the

wood species usedComputation weight in accordance withDIN 1055-1:4-6 kN/m'1


Thermal capacity:C = 350 kJ/mK

Wood moisture content:Equivalent to equilibrium moisturecontent < 20 %


Wood species:• spruce, fire, pine• larch, Douglas fir• Northern softwood species for planed

assortments

DimensionsThickness, unplaned [mm]:

16, 18,22,24, 28,38.44,48,50, 63, 70, 75

Thickness, planed [mm]:13.5, 15,5, 19.5, 25.5, 35.5, 41.5, 45.5

Thickness, northern woods, planed [mm]:9,5, 11, 12.5, 14, 16,22.5,25.5, 28.5, 40, 45

Width [mm]:75, 80, 100, 115, 120, 125,140, 150, 160, 175

Length [mm]:1,500-6,000

Gradations [mm]:250, 300

MaterialUnplaned softwood boards and planksare parallel square-edged materials.Planed softwood boards and planks areplaned smooth on one side and pro-cessed to an even thickness on the back,The edges are neither planed nor pro-filed.

UseUnplaned and planed boards andplanks are used for shuttering, externalcladding and the most diverse areas ofconstruction. When boards and planksare used for structures that have to bedimensioned in relation to load-bearingcapacity, they must meet the require-ments of DIN 1052 and be graded inaccordance with DIN 4074-1. If theboards do not have to perform a load-bearing or reinforcing function, there isno necessity under German buildingregulations to take preventive measuresto preserve the wood.It is advisable to use load-bearing lathingwith a cross section of 30 x 50 mm (mini-mum cross section 24 x 48 mm) to affixthe cladding. These cross sections areavailable as dry wood from trade stores:cross sections with an average moisturecontent of 15 ± 3 % can also be obtainedby invitation to tender.Visible joints and fastenings for externaluse must be made of galvanised steel or- better still - chromium-nickel stainlesssteel.

The spacing of the load-bearing iathingdepends on board thickness:

Board thickness'mm]18.019.522.024.025.528,0

Lathing spacing[mm]400-550500-700550-800600-900700-950800-1.050

For invitations to tender and orders:• Classification-DIN• Grading• Wood species• Thickness• Width• LengthCalculated per m2/m3

ManufactureBoards and planks are sawn from roundtimber in sawmills or milled in planingmills and then planed, if necessary. Theirdimensions and thickness-to-width rationare their distinguishing features.

Board

Thickness (t)_[mm)

:40Plank t > 4 0

Width (w)|_[nnnnj!~w^80 _' w > 3 t

If boards are to be used externally, theymust be treated with a preventive struc-tural wood preservative. Careful planningand execution are essential.

If boards are exposed to weather, theyshould not be made of pine as it invaria-bly has sap rot and blue stain. Their sapis particularly susceptible to wood-decay-ing and wood-staining fungi, which notonly damage the wood but also causepaint failure.

To avoid changes in form in internalareas, the wood moisture content must bestated when placing orders. It is advisa-ble to ventilate the wood cladding.

Manufacturer(s)Boards and planks, both planed andunplaned, can be obtained from a varietyof sawmills and planing mills.

InformationLignum

Profile Boards

DIN 4072 (matched boards)DIN 68122 (matched tibreboards))IN68123 (weatherboards))IN 68126-1 +3 (profile boards with broad•cot and chamfer)

)imensions(latched boards:fhickness (European) [mm]:15.5, 19.5,22,5,35.5kith [mm]: 95, 115. 135, 155lickness (northern) [mm]:

19.5, 22.5, 25.5Idth [mm]: 96, 111,121

Matched fibreboards:Phickness (European) [mm]:15.5, 19.5

Width [mm]: 95, 115FTiickness (northern) [mm]:12,5

[Width [mm]: 96, 111

[Weatherboards:Thickness (European) [mm]:

19.5jWidth[mm]: 115, 135, 155[Thickness (northern) [mm]:

19.5Mdth [mm]: 111, 121, 146

'rofile boards with broad root and chamfer"hickness (European) [mm]:12.5, 15.5, 19.5Vidth [mm]: 96, 115mickness (northern) [mm]:

112.5,14,19.5pidth [mm]: 12.5, 14, 19.5

-ength (European) [mm]:1,500-4,500, gradations 250(increments)^.500-6,000, gradations 500•^gth (northern) [mm]:

fe .800-6,000, gradations 300

I

MaterialMatched boards are boards with groovesand planed tongues.

Softwood matched boards are boardswith planed tongues and grooves, cham-fered to an angle of less than 45" on theupper side.

Softwood weatherboards are boards withplaned tongues and grooves, and a con-cave-rounded edge on the tongue side.

Softwood profile boards with broad rootand chamfer are boards with tongues,planed grooves and chamfered edges onthe visible face and a wide tongue on theface side.

UseMatched and profile boards are used topanel both interiors and exteriors.Any building boards that have to bedimensioned in relation to their load-bear-ing capacity must meet the requirementsoi DIN 1052 and be graded in accord-ance with DIN 4074-1.

For invitations to tender and orders:• Designation-DIN• Grade• Wood species• Thickness• Width• LengthCalculated perm?

ManufacturePlaned and profile woods are sawn fromround timber in sawmills and then milledand planed in planing mills.

In addition to the forms and dimensionscovered by DIN, other profiles anddimensions can be obtained from themanufacturer - depending on the toolsand equipment at the manufacturer's dis-posal. Planing mills make profile boardson request and sell them through tradestores.

Manufacturers/ (selection)The assortment of profile boards availablefrom trade stores varies considerably dueto the great range of types and shapes.

InformationBundesverband Deutscher

Holzhandel e.V.

Manufactured Wood ProductsBlockboard and Laminated Board

Manufactured Wood ProductsThree- and Five-Ply Panels

Blockboard and laminated board

DIN 68705-2Thermal conductivity:

>v,, = 0.15W/mKVapour diffusion resistance factor:

H = 50/400Raw density:p = 400-800 kg/m3

Computation weight in accordance withDIN 1055-1:4.5-6.5 kN/m3


Material class:20, 100

Emission class:E1

Wood moisture content;5 < 15%

Amount of swelling and shrinkageper % change in wood moisture content:0.020 %

Wood species:• spruce•fir• pine

DimensionsThickness [mm]:

13, 16, 19,22,25,28,30,38Length [mm]:

1,220, 1,530, 1,830.2,050,2.500.4,100Width [mm]:

2.440. 2,500, 3,500, 5,100, 5,200. 5,400

MaterialFormerly known as core plywood, block-board consists of a core layer of solidwood board-shaped strips that are gluedtogether. The width of the strips variesfrom approx. 24 mm to a maximum of30 mm. A face veneer (three-ply board)or a cross-band veneer and a faceveneer (five-ply board) is fixed to eachside, with the grain running perpendicularto that of the adjacent layer.

Laminated boards are composed of amiddle core of perpendicular rotary-cutveneers (strips) that are glued together.The veneers are 5-8 mm thick. A faceveneer, or a cross-band veneer and aface veneer, are fixed to each side. Thegrain of each sheet runs perpendicular tothat of the adjacent one.All glues with an assured adhesivestrength are permissible.

In the case of blockboard. the gluedwooden core is composed of softwoods(primarily spruce) to ensure a more stableform, whereas softer or harder hardwoodsare generally chosen for cross-bandveneers and face veneers.The same wood species can be used forboth wooden core and veneer plywood,alongside the customary indigenous soft-woods and hardwoods. A number oftropical woods are also used for the coresand for cross-band and face veneers,rounding off the customary indigenoussoftwoods and hardwoods available.

UseBlockboards and laminated boards areprimarily used in the manufacture of furni-ture, as well as in laboratory and stairconstruction. However, they are rarelyused in timber engineering.

For invitations to tender and orders:• Manufacturer•DIN• Panel type• Wood species• Emission class• Thickness• Width• Length• SurfaceCalculated by m2

ManufactureIn general, 24 mm-thick softwood boardsthat have been carefully dried to a woodmoisture content of approx. 6-8 per centare considered suitable for the manufac-ture of block cores. These boards are cutinto laths with multi-blade circular sawsso that the lath width corresponds to thethickness of the inner core. The laths arethen glued together with casein, poly-vinylacetate or urea-formaldehyde resinsto form boards and pressed.

DIN 68705-4 refers to structural block-board and core-stripe blockboard asplywoods with defined, monitored elasto-mechanical properties. They are used inbuilding construction (e.g. for reinforce-ment).

In the manufacture of the core, rotary cutveneers 5-8 mm thick are glued in layersparallel to the grain to create blocks.These are then sawn at right angles to thelevel of the single plies to make boards.In both manufacturing processes, thecross-band and face veneers are gluedto the inner plies with the same glues andpressed.

Three- and Five-Ply Panels

German building authority certification:Z-9.1-2422-9.1-258Z-9.1-376Z-9.1-404Z-9.1-477

Thermal conductivity:= 0.14 W/mK

Vapour diffusion resistance factor:11 = 50/400

Raw density:p = 400-500 kg/m3


Material class:20,100, 100G

Emission class:E1


lount of swelling and shrinkageper % change in wood moisturecontent:0.020 %

Wood species:sprucelarch

i* Douglas fir

Manufactures) (selection)Pfleiderer

.-••nensionsiThickness (three-ply) [mm]:^12-75

hickness (five-ply) [mm]:33-80

[Length [mm];_ 2,500-6,000

i [mm]:1,000-4,750

MaterialThe panels consist of three or five layersof softwood, each glued at right angles tothe adjacent ply. Melamine modifiedurea-formaldehyde and phenolic resin areused as glues.Since the thicknesses of the single pliesvary according to type and manufacturer.the elasto-mechanical properties of pan-els of equal thickness can also differ con-siderably.

Applications)Depending on glue type and the woodpreservative (if any), the panels can beemployed wherever panels of woodclasses 20, 100 and 100 G are allowedunder both the German Building Regula-tions and DIN 68800-2.Once permission has been granted, themulti-ply panels can be used as effectiveand as reinforcing planking in manufac-turing wall, ceiling and roof panels forwooden houses that are erected as panelconstruction systems in accordance withDIN 1052-3.

Depending on the type of permit granted,these panels can sometimes be used inplace of laminated construction board asper DIN 1052-1.If the edges are carefully covered orsealed for protection, they can also beused for large ventilated facades.

Invitations to tender and orders:• Manufacturer• Certification number• Panel type• Wood species• Wood preservation measures• Thickness• Width• Length• SurfaceCalculated per m2

ManufactureIn the case of softwood plies glued atright angles to one another, at least 90per cent of the single sheets must begrade S10 (DIN 4074-1) and the remain-ing sheets at least grade S7.The surface veneers must be at least4 -9 mm thick, and those oi the innerplies 4-50 mm.

Manufacturer(s) (selection)Dold Suddeutsche SperrholzwerkeGmach HolzbauwerkeHaas Fertigbau GmbHKaufmann HolzbauwerkProbstel Holzwerke

41

Manufactured Wood ProductsLaminated Construction Board

Laminated Construction Board

DIN 68705-3German building authority certification:Z-9.1-43Z-9.1-6Z-9.1-7

Thermal conductivity:X,, = 0.15W/mK

Vapour diffusion resistance factor:u = 50/400

Raw density:p = 450-800 kg/rrf


Wood moisture content:5-15 %

Amount of swelling and shrinkageper % change in wood moisture content:Thickness: 0.25-0.35 %Length/width: 0.01-0.02 %

Wood species (selection):• spruce• pine• Clear pine• Douglas fir• Hemlock• Soutlwn pine• mahogany• Cherry mahogany

Panel types;Laminated construction board 20Laminaled construction board 100Laminated construction board 100 G


8,9, 10, 12, 15, 18.20.21,24.25,40Formats [mm]:2,500/3,000x1,250/1,5002,400/3.050 x 1,200/1,525

MaterialLaminated construction board is made byarranging and gluing alternate veneersperpendicular to one another. Urea resinis used to glue the veneers of laminatedconstruction board 20, whereas water-resistant, alkaline hardening / phenolicresin, phenol-formaldehyde resin, andre sore i no! resin are used for laminatedconstruction board 100 and 100 G. Allother glues must be certified by the build-ing authorities.

Application(s)Laminated construction board is mostlyused as effective, reinforcing panelling forwalls, ceilings and roofs, For the requiredpanel type, which depends on the panel'sposition in the building component,please refer to DIN 68800-2.

Panel type Panel moisturein service

Laminated construction board 20 k 15 %Laminated construction board 100 <. 18 %Laminated construction board 100Gk 21 %

ManufactureLaminated construction board is madefrom the same wood species as normalplywood. However, light species of tropi-cal wood such as limba and obeche maynot be used.

Beech laminated construction board, asper DIN 68705-5, consists of three to nineveneers, each 1.5-3.2 mm thick (fromwood classes 100 and 100 G). It is used,in particular, for building elements sub-jected to great static loads.

Beech laminated construction board(100 G) panels are either made of sap-clear wood corresponding to at leastresistance class 2 as specified in DIN68364 (e.g. oak, mahogany, cherrymahogany) or from another wood species

Invitations to tender and orders:• Laminated construction board• DIN 68705• Certification number• Panel type• Emission class• Thickness, width, length• Surface finishCalculated by m3

bonded with a glue liquor to which awood preservative has been added.II a chemical wood preservative isrequired because the species used has alow resistance class, a wood preservativedesigned to eliminate destructive fungi(basidiomycetes) must be added to theglue liquor when the panels are beingmanufactured.

The panels must bear the followingpermanent identification:• Kite mark• DIN certification number• External quality control stamp• Panel type• Emission class• Thickness

Manufacturer(s) (selection)Blomberger HolzindustrieBruynzeel Multipanel GmbHDold Suddeutsche SperrholzwerkeFinnforest OyGlunz AGHess & Co. AGTROHOL RosenauerR.O.L. Rougier Ocean LandexSchaumann Wood OyTeuteburger SperrholzwerkWestag & Getalit AG

InformationAmerican Plywood Ass. (APA)Cofi Canadian Plywood AssociationCouncil of Forest Industriesof British Columbia

Finnish Plywood InternationalGuteschutzgemeinschaft Sperrholz e.V.LignumProholzVerband der Deutschen

Holzwerkstoffindustrie e.V.

Parallel Laminated Veneer

German building authority certification:Z-9.M00Z-9.1-291Z-9.1-245Thermal conductivity:

Vapour diffusion resistance factor:| (1 = 50/400feaw density:• p = 400-800 kg/m:i


Emission class:

Wood species:* sprucepine (kerto)Douglas firSouthern pine (microlam)

dimensions:Kerto-S veneers are used for load-bear-ing, rod-shaped structural members.

thickness [mm]:21-69lax. dimensions [mm]:1.820x23,000

Kerto-Q veneers are used for panels andates.

1,800hickness [mm]:21-75ax. sizes [mm]:

(1.820x23,000

MaterialParallel laminated veneer is a multi-plywood-based material. In contrast to ply-wood, its veneers are generally arrangedparallel to the gram and glued watertightwith phenol-formaldehyde resin. If broadwidths are required, plies are alsoarranged crosswise to increase stability.When wood class 100 G veneers areglued together, the single sheets areimpregnated with a wood preservative tofor protection against destructive fungi.

Application(s)Parallel laminated veneer may be used inall areas of work in which glued laminatedtimber is permitted.Owing to the high loads it is permitted tobear, parallel laminated veneer can alsobe used for reinforcing the followingstructural elements:purlins and other girders subject to bend-ing, girders at the point of support, load-bearing plates, connecting plates, etc.

The presence of cup shakes in theveneers makes it relatively easy toimpregnate parallel laminated veneerwith aqueous wood preservatives acrossits entire cross-sectional area. As aresult, it can be used in areas exposedto the weather (e.g. external use for roofpanels).

Manufactured Wood ProductsParallel Laminated Veneer

Invitations to tender and orders:• Manufacturer• Certification number• Type of parallel laminated veneer• Thickness, width, length• Wood preservation measuresCalculated by m:i

ManufactureIn the manufacture of parallel laminatedveneer, softwood logs are de-barked,soaked in water and stripped to make3 mm-thick veneers, which are then cutinto dimensioned sheets and dried. Largedefective areas are removed, as areveneers that are too light, moist or mis-shapen. The veneers, which are providedwith staggered joints, are then glued withphenol-formaldehyde resin parallel to thegrain, placed on top of one another andpressed to form a panel.The large panels thus created can besawn to the desired panel or beam size.

Manufacturers) (selection)Merk Holzbau GmbHFinnforest OYTrus Joist Mac Millan

42 43

Manufactured Wood ProductsParallel Strand Lumber

Manufactured Wood ProductsLaminated Strand Lumber

Parallel Strand Lumber

German building authority certification:Z-9.1-241

Thermal conductivity:AH = 0.15W/mK

Vapour diffusion resistance factor:M = 50/400

Raw density:p = 670 kg/m3 for Douglas firp = 720 kg/nr for southern yellow pine


Material class:100, 100G

Wood species:• Douglas fir• Southern pine

MaterialParallel Strand Lumber (PSL) consists ofstrands approximately 16-mm wide and3.2 mm thick. These are aligned parallelto the longitudinal axis of the beam andglued with waterproof phenol-formalde-hyde resin. The graded strands are gluedto create 483 mm-thick panels and thensawn into beams.Currently, PSL is only manufactured in theUSA.Paraffin is applied to give the lumber awater-repellent finish.Owing to the natural resistance of the twowood species used (resistance class 3 inaccordance with DIN 68364|, no woodpreservatives are added.

Application(s)Parallel Strand Lumber can be used forall work in which glued laminated timberis permitted unless otherwise certified.Parallel Strand Lumber has maferial prop-erties very similar to those of glued lami-naled timber; its advantages lie in its con-siderable flexural, compression andshearing strengths.The adhesive bond is weather resistant,but weather exposure causes the wood toturn grey.

Invitations to tender and orders:• Certification number• Wood species• Thickness• Width• LengthCalculated by m:i

ManufactureAfter being soaked and steamed, the logsare peeled to create veneers 2.5-3.2 mmthick. The strands are then dried to obtaina9-10 percent moisture content and cutinto 45-260 cm-long strips. After thedefects have been extracted, the strandsare glued with phenol-formaldehyde resinand pressed in continuously operatingpress. Afterward, they are cured in amicrowave process.

The veneer strands are arranged parallelto one another with their ends staggered.During the pressing process, the materialis compressed to increase its raw densityto a value slightly higher (approx. 15 percent) than that of the original wood. Asthere are gaps between the strands, cavi-ties are visible, especially at the ends.The resulting 20 m-long section is thencut to fhe desired lengths.

Laminated Strand Lumber

German building authority certification:Z 9.1-323

Thermal conductivity:^ = 0.14 W/mK

Vapour diffusion resistance factor:u = 50/400



Material class:100

Emission class:E1

Wood moisture content:15%

Wood species:poplar

Glues:Polyurethane adhesive

Applicationfs)Laminated Strand Lumber may be usedfor all areas of work in which glued lami-nated timber is permitted in accordancewith DIN 1052-1 and in which laminatedconstruction board is permitted inaccordance with DIN 68705-3.The wood is preserved in the same wayas glued laminated timber.

Invitations to tender and orders:• Manufacturer• Certification number• Panel type• Wood species• Gluing• Emission class• Thickness• Width• LengthCalculated by m!

ManufactureLaminated Strand Lumber consists ofapprox. 1.0 x 25 x 300 mm-long poplarchips which are glued together with for-maldehyde-free polyurethane resin(PMDI).After being bonded in a mixer, the chipsare aligned in their original grain flow. Themass is pressed under heat and thenseparated and ground.Long-chip wood is manufactured in twogrades: tntratlam S and Intrallam P.

Dimensions:Width [mm]:44-280

Height [mmj:44-483

Length [m]:up to 20

Manufacturers) (selection)Merk Holzbau GmbHTrus Joist Mac Millan

Dimensions:Thickness [mm]:

32-89Format [mm]:max. 2,438 x 10,700

Manufacturers) (selection)Trus Joist MacMillan

44 45

Manufactured Wood ProductsOriented Strand Board

Manufactured Wood ProductsFibreboard

i .

Oriented Strand Board (OSB)

DIN EN 300German building authority certification:2-9.1-275Z-9.1-326

Thermal conductivity:AR = 0 . 1 3 W/mK

Vapour diffusion resistance factor:H = 50/100

Raw density (depending on wood spe-cies):p = 600-660 kg/m3

Computation weight in accordance with1055-1:5-7.5 kN/m5


Material class:100

Emission class:E1

Wood moisture content:5 - 6 %

Amount of swelling and shrinkageper % wood moisture content:0.035 %

Wood species:• pine• Clear pine• Douglas fir• Oregon pine• alder• poplar

MaterialOSB (oriented strand board) is composedof aligned strands. Owing to the alternat-ing, cross-alignment of the strands, ori-ented strand boards - like plywood -have mechanical properties.Excellent mechanical properties havebeen obtained (two to three times thoseof normal chipboard types) by machine-cutting the wood parallel to the grain.

A variety of glues is used for bonding:phenol resin, polycarbamide (isocya-nate), MUPF (Kauramin) surface glue,and PMDI core resins. All these resins arewaterproof.

Application (s)Typical areas of application:OSB flat-pressed boards may be used forall work where class 100 wood-basedmaterials are permitted under the localBuilding Regulations.It may be used for panelling, with weatherproofing, the exterior of load-bearing/reinforcing walls.

invitations to tender and orders:• Manufacturer• Certification number• Panel type• Emission class• Thickness, Width, Length- SurfaceCalculated by m2

ManufactureLarge coarse rectangular chips (ca. 35 x75 mm, thickness 0.6 mm) are used tomanufacture OSB boards. The flat chipsare obtained by peeling and crushingveneers or by using a chipper. They arethen sieved, graded, dried, glued, spreadout and aligned. The strands arearranged crosswise in three or five layers,depending on the required board thick-ness. In the case of three-ply boards, thecore (comprising 50 per cent of thewhole) is generally laid crosswise, whilstthe grain of the surface sheets (account-ing for 25 per cent each) generally runsparallel to the machined length. Once thestrands have been aligned, the sheetsare pressed under heat. After they havecooled, they are formatted and ground.

Fibreboard

DIN 68754-1i Thermal conductivity:| \, = 0.065-0.17 W/mKVapour diffusion resistance factor:H = 5-70

Raw density:p = 350-1100 kg/m:i

Computation weight in accordance withDIN 1055-1:9-11 kN/rn3

I Building material classification:! B2Material class:20 (100 with certification)

Emission class:E1


| Amount of swelling and shrinkageper % change in wood moisture content:< 20 % in thickness

Wood species:• spruce• pine• f i r1 beech• poplar• birch

Glues:• Urea-formaldehyde resins

Phenol-formaldehyde resin

MaterialFibreboards are panel-shaped materialsmade of fibrous - primarily wood - par-ticles.The particles are combined under heat,with or without glue or additives. Pressuremay be applied.Fibreboards can be manufactured assingle- or multi-ply boards in a wet pro-cess without bonding agents or in a dryprocess using bonding agents.Depending on their raw density they aresubclassified as:• Porous fibreboards,

not bituminated- Bituminated porous fibreboards- Hardboard and medium-density wood

fibreboards for the construction industry• for interiors and furniture

Other types of wood fibreboard are alsoavailable, e.g. medium-density fibre-boards.

Soft fibreboard: see insulating materials.

Application®According to DIN 1052-3, the use of fibre-boards as effective and reinforcingboards in the manufacture of wall, ceilingand roof panels is restricted to woodenhouses built as panel construction sys-tems.They may also be used in rooms with alow moisture content, i.e. in areas wherewood class 20 is used and in areas inwhich wood class 100 is permitted by thelocal Building Authority.

Invitations to tender and orders:• Manufacturer• DIN• Certification number• Panel type• Gluing• Emission class• Thickness• Width• LengthCalculated by rrf

ManufactureIn the manufacture of wood fibreboards,the wood chips are placed in a reactiontank known as a defibrator, steam-treatedand then defibrated mechanically withgrinding plates. This approach primarilyexploits the matting properties of thefibres and their natural adhesive strength.The latter can be increased by addingbonding agents and water-repellents aswell as by thermal and other treatments.The various manufacturing processes dif-fer mainly in the technique employed toproduce the fibrous material and thefibrous mat. These processes are referredto as wet or dry processes, depending onwhether the fibrous material is trans-ported or formed in a wet or dry process.

DimGnsionsThickness [mm]:

6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 18, 22, 25,30Formats [mm]:2,500/5,000x1,2505,000 x 2,5002,440x1,2202,620 x 1,250/5.000

46

Manufacturers) (selection)CSC Forest Products (Sterling) Ltd.Glunz AGKronospan Ltd.&Cie.

InformationVerband der DeutschenHolzwerkstoffindustrie (VHI)

IDimensions:Thickness [mm]:

• 5-16[Width [mm]:1 up to 2,100Length [mm]:up to 5,500

Manufacturer(s) (selection)Euro MDF BoardGutexHornitexKunz GmbH & CoOdenwald FaserplattenwerkPavatexWilhelmi Werke GmbH & Co KG

47

Manufactured Wood ProductsFlat-Pressed Boards

Flat-Pressed Boards (FP)

DIN 68763Thermal conductivity:

A.H = 0.13 W/mKVapour diffusion resistance factor:

LI = 50/100Raw density:p = 550-700 kg/m3

Computation weight in accordance withDIN 1055-1;5-7.5 kN/rrr3


Material class:20, 100, 100 G

Emission class:E1

Wood moisture content:5 < 12 %

Amount of swelling and shrinkageper % change in wood moisture content:0.035 %

Wood species:• Softwood• Hardwood

Glues:• Urea-formaldehyde resins• Melamine modified urea-formaldehyde• Phenol resin• PMDI

DimensionsThickness [mm]:4,8,10, 13, 16, 19, 22,25, 28, 38

Formats [mm]:1,250 x 2,500, 1,250 x 5,000,4,100x1,850,2,710x2,080,2,750/5,300x2,050

Lengths of up to 14,000mm are available

MaterialFlat-pressed boards are panel-shapedwood-based materials that are made bybonding and pressing particles of woodor wood-like fibrous materials.Depending on the gluing procedure andwood preservatives, the panel types canbe classified as follows:

- V20This resin is only suitable for rooms wherehumidity is generally low, as it is notresistant to atmospheric corrosion.Glues: aminoplasts, alkaline-hardenedphenolic resins, polymeric diphenyl meth-ylene diisocyanate (PMDI).

• V 1 0 0

For use in humid rooms.Glues: alkaline-hardened phenolic resins,phenol-resorcinol resins, PMDI.

• V100GAlso durable in highly humid environ-ments; protected against destructivefungi by a wood preservative.Glues: alkaline-hardened phenol resorci-nol resins, PMDI.

Application®Flat-pressed boards manufactured for Iheconstruction industry are primarily usedas effective, reinforcing panelling forwalls, floors, ceilings and roofs. Panelselection depends on the intended use inthese building elements. Information maybe found in DIN 68800-2 (see appendix).

Invitations to tender and orders:• Manufacturer• DIN 68763• Panel type• Gluing• Emission class• Thickness• Width• LengthCalculated by in2

ManufactureFlat-pressed boards are manufactured bybonding and pressing relatively smallwood chips, which are ideally alignedparallel to the board surface. Theseboards are generally manufactured ashomogenous multi-ply panels.

Manufacturer(s) (selection)Glunz AGHornitexKunz GmbHPfleiderer IndustrieSchlingmann GmbH & Co.

InformationVerband der DeutscheHolzwerkstoffindustrie e.V.

Extruded Particle Boards

DIN 68764-1/2Thermal conductivity:\, = 0.17W/mK

Vapour diffusion resistance factor:i = 20

Raw density;p = 450-700 kg/m3

Computation weight in accordance with1055-1:5-7.5 kN/m3

Building material classification;B2

Emission class:E1

Wood moisture content:5< 12%

Wood species:• spruce•fir

' • pine

Glues:• Urea-formaldehyde resin• Melamine modified urea-formaldehyde• Phenol resin•PMDI

MaterialExtruded particle boards have a highshearing strength but a low flexuralstrength and insufficient integrity. Conse-quently, when used in the constructionindustry, they must be panelled with chip-boards, hardboards, veneers or plasticboards.

Application^)Extruded particle boards are used inmaking doors. They are authorized foruse as panelling in wooden panel-con-struction houses,

timensionshickness [mm]:

. Solid extruded board: 10-34j Tubeboards [mm]: 23-80[Width [mm]:I 900-2,100length [mm]:

up to 5,000

Manufactured Wood ProductsExtruded Particle Boards

Invitations to tender and orders:• Manufacturer• DIN• Panel type• Wood species• Gluing• Emission class• Thickness• Width• LengthCalculated by m2

ManufactureIn the manufacture of extruded particleboards, particles are mixed with a bond-ing agent and pushed rhythmically alonga heated channel by a ram. The cross-section of the channel forming the boardcorresponds to that of the resulting prod-uct. The particles are positioned perpen-dicularly to the board's surface, whichproduces a relatively high shearingstrength at right angles to the surface.Extruded particle boards are made in acontinuous manufacturing processbecause the heating process and the rateof feed are adjusted to the curing time- Asthe particles pass through the channelshaft, they are bonded together to forman endless stream of board that is onlycut into sections after pressing is com-pleted.

Solid extruded boards are produced insingle layers only. Owing to the arrange-ment of the particles, these boards havea lower flexural strength than flat-pressedboards. Extruded particle boards are onlysuitable as cores in composite boards,Tubeboards, whose cores contain tubularcavities, are produced by arrangingtubes parallel to the shaft.

Manufacturers) (selection)SauerlanderSpanplatten GmbH & Co KG

49

Manufactured Wood ProductsFibre-Reinforced Cement Boards

Building BoardsFibre Cement Boards

Fibre-Reinforced Cement Boards

DIN EN 633DIN EN 634Thermal conductivity:

X,, = 0.35 W/mKVapour diffusion resistance factor:H = 20/50

Raw density:p= 1,250-1,300 kg/m3

Building material classification:B 1 , A 2

Material class:20, 100,100 G

Emission class:E1


Amount of swelling and shrinkageper % change wood moisture content:0.03%

Wood species:• spruce•fir

Bonding agent:• Cement

DimensionsThickness [mm]:8-40

Format [mm]:1.250x2,600, 1,250x3.100

MaterialIn contrast to organically bonded wood-based materials, fibre-reinforced cementboards are anorganically bonded withcement (which accounts for approxi-mately one third of their weight percent-age). They can be used in the same fieldsas wood classes 20, 100. 100G inaccordance with DIN 68800-2. The bond-ing agent renders the boards moisture-resistant. The boards can be coated andplastered for more effective and enduringweather protection. They are certified foruse as load-bearing and reinforcing pan-els for wooden panel-construction housesunder DIN 1052-3.

The panels are hardly flammable andhave been classified as B1 under DIN4102. To ensure that they meet therequirements of building material classifi-cation A 2 (not flammable), perlite(amounting to approx. 24 % of total mass)is added.

Apphcation(s)Fibre-reinforced cement boards are usedas exterior wall cladding or as wall-re-inforcement panelling. Effective, enduringweather protection is essential for extenorwalls. Their good fire-proofing propertiesmake these panels suitable as fire barri-ers. They also have good sound-insulat-ing properties owing to their high rawdensity, and can be used as a floorcovering.

Invitations to tender and orders:• Manufacturer• DIN• Certification number• Panel type• Emission class• Thickness• Width• Length• SurfaceCalculated by rrf

ManufactureConiferous wood (spruce or fir) that hasbeen stored for three to four months andnot treated against fungi is chipped andseparated into fine and coarse chips andthen stored in chip bins. A mixture ofwood chips, cement, recycled trimmings,supplementary agents and water is pre-pared in a semi-dry process in a mechanical mixer. The material is evenly sepa-rated into an outer layer and a core layerin a mechanical sifter and spread evenlyacross plates. Surplus material is fedstraight back into the mixer. There is nowaste water. The mix is pressed andallowed to set in a climatic chamber.Afterwards, the boards are cured forapproximately four weeks in a condition-ing storage unit. Prior to shipment, thepanels are conditioned so thai they havethe right moisture balance; they are thentrimmed and cut, and their edges pro-filed. Finally, they are impregnated andcoated.

Fibre Cement Boards

German building authority certification:Z-31.1-34Z-31.1-36

h Thermal conductivity:I \ = 0.58 W/mKVapour diffusion resistance factor:

H-11Raw density:p= 1,150-2,000 kg/m3

Building material classification:A2

MaterialFibre cement is a composite material offibre and cement. It consists of 40 % Port-land cement, 11 % aggregate (limestonepowder), 2 % reinforcement fibre, and5 % cellulose fibres and water.

ApplicationFibre cement boards are suitable asweatherproofing for roofs and walls, andmay also be used as ventilated exteriorwall cladding as per DIN 18516-1.

Manufacturer(s) (selection)Eternit AGFulguritGlunz AG

DimensionsLength [mm]:

1,250,2,000, 2,500Width [mm]:

1,250, 1,500Thickness [mm]:8,10, 12.5, 15, 18

Invitations to tender and orders:• Manufacturer• Certification number• Thickness• Width• Length• Surface areaCalculated per m2

ProductionFibre cement boards are made of an inti-mate mixture of cement and water plusartificial and cellulose fibres. They aremanufactured with a surface coating orwith various colour additives. The inor-ganic materials are weatherproof, frost-and rot-resistant, and incombustible. Inaddition, they are largely resistant toaggressive chemical atmospheres. In themixture, the fibres perform a similar func-tion to that of steel in reinforced concrete.

Manufacturer(s) (selection)Eternit AGFulgurit Baustoffe GmbHWan it

InformationFachregeln des Deutschen Dachdecker-handwerks (Professional Regulations ofthe Germany Roofing Trade DeutschesDachdeckerhandwerk)

51

Building BoardsPlasterboard

Plasterboard

DIN 18180German building authority certification:2-9.1-199Z-9.1-204Z-9.1-221Z-9.1-246Z-9.1-318Z-9.1-319

Thermal conductivity:XR = 0.21 W/mK

Coefficient of thermal expansion:0.013-0,020 mm/mK



Building material classification:A2Heat storage capacity:C = 960 J/kgK

Dimensions:Thickness [mm]:

9.5, 12.5, 15, 18,20, 25Width [mm]:

600, 625, 1,250Length [mm]:2,000-4,000 inincrements of 250

MaterialPlasterboard consists of a plaster coreencased in adhesive cardboard. Naturaland FGB plaster obtained from flue gasdesulfurisation provide the raw materialsfor production.Depending on the application, varioustypes of plasterboard may be used, withdifferent cardboard casings and plasteradditives:- Gypsum plasterboard

Yellowish-white cardboard,blue lettering

• Fire protection plasterboardYellowish white cardboard, red lettering

• Impregnated plasterboardGreenish cardboard, blue lettering

• Impregnated fire protection plaster-boardGreenish cardboard, red lettering

• Gypsum baseboardGrey cardboard, blue lettering

• Gypsum dry screed boardwith/without sound-impact insulation

Applications)Plasterboard can serve as wall or ceilingpanelling, as a lining for suspended ceil-ings, as lining for prefabricated walls, andas dry screed.It may be used wherever class 20wooden boards are allowed as per DIN68800-2. In addition, impregnated plas-terboard may be installed on the outsideof exterior wall elements if the conditionsfor effective, lasting weather protection,as specified in the note of authorization,are met.

Plasterboard may be used as reinforcingpanelling for ceilings in wooden buildings(fixed to the bottom side) and for pitchedroofs.Plasterboard may also be employed as aload-bearing reinforcement for wall panel-ling in wooden houses erected as panelconstruction systems.

Invitations to tender and orders:• Board type- Thickness• Length- Width• Edge shapeCalculated per rrf

ProductionPlasterboard is produced on large con-veyor belts in a continuous manufacturingprocess. The calcined, ground plaster ismixed with water and additives, sprayedonto a base, and formed into boardstogether with the cardboard lining. Theboards are then lettered, cut, turned,dried and bundled.

In combination with the plaster core, thecardboard reinforces the tensile zone andlends the boards the requisite firmnessand flexural strength.

Manufacturer(s) (selection)Danogips GmbHFels-Werke GmbHGebr. Knauf Westdeutsche GipswerkeGyproc GmbHLafarge Gips GmbHLindner AGFiigips GmbH

InformationIndustriegruppe Gipsplatten

Gypsum Fibreboard

German building authority certification:Z-9.1-187Z-PA-III 4.864

Thermal conductivity:\ = 0.36 W/mK

Vapour diffusion resistance factor:H=11

Raw density:p = 880-1,250 kg/m3


Dimensions:Thickness [mm]:10,12.5, 15, 18

Sizes [mm];1,000 x 1,5001,245x2.0001,245x2,5001,245x2,5401,245x2,7501,245x3,000

MaterialGypsum fibreboard is a homogenousboard made of a mixture of calcined natu-ral plaster and cellulose tibres. The cellu-lose fibres, which are primarily obtainedfrom recycled paper, strengthen theboard.

Application^)Gypsum fibreboard can serve as wall orceiling panelling, as a lining for sus-pended ceilings and prefabricated walls,and as dry screed (when used in multiplelayers). In the form of composite boardwith foam plastic, it can be used to pro-vide additional thermal insulation.Gypsum fibreboard may be used as aload-bearing reinforcement for wall pan-els in both wooden houses with a paneldesign and in limber skeleton buildings.It may be employed as reinforcing andload-bearing wall panelling whereverclass 20 wood material is permitted (inaccordance with the German buildingauthority certification).It may also be used to plank the outsideof exterior wall elements if effective, last-ing weather proof ing is ensured.

Gypsum fibreboard is resistant to fire andhumidity.

Building BoardsGypsum Fibreboard

For requests for tenders and orders• Gypsum, fibreboard• Certification number• Thickness, length and widthCalculated per mJ

ProductionCellulose fibre is obtained from paper in arecycling process and then mixed withground plaster. Water is added to themixture, with no additional bonding agent.The mix is pressed into boards underhigh pressure, dried, impregnated with awater-repellent agent and formatted.

Manufacturers) (selection)Fels-WerkeLindner AGRigips GmbH

Insulating MaterialsWood Fibre

Insulating MaterialsBituminated Fibreboard

For invitations to tender and orders:• Manufacturer•DIN• Application type• Thickness• Width• LengthCalculated per m2

For invitations to tender and orders:• Manufacturer•DIN• Application type• Thickness• Width• LengthCalculated per m/

Wood Fibre

DIN 68755DIN EN 316Thermal conductivity:A.B = 0.045-0.060 W/mK

Vapour diffusion resistance factor:\i = 5-10

Raw density:p= 130-450 kg/m3


Thermal capacity:C = 360 kJ/m-K

Application types:T, TV, IC

MaterialPorous soft fibreboard is manufacturedfrom spruce, fir and pine pulp in a wetproduction process. Fibre humidityexceeds 20 per cent during the manufac-turing process.The raw density of soft fibreboard liesbelow 450 kg/m;i, making it lower thanthat of medium hard and hard fibreboard.

Application®Soft fibreboards are used as insulation forfloors, walls, ceilings and roofs; they arealso employed as impact sound insulationunder floor screed, dry screed and woodflooring, and as sound absorbing panels.

Depending on the application, the boardsare connected by butt joints, rebate jointsor tongue-and-groove joints. The panelsare loosely laid and then mechanicallyfastened or glued. Special joint adhesivesealing may be required to ensure airtightness.

Like untreated wood, wooden fibreboardsmust be protected against UV-radiationand humidity. With a wood moisture con-tent of less than 20 per cent, theseboards are highly resistant to wood pestsand other sources of damage (bacteria,fungi, and insects).Wood fibreboards are available as insu-lating plaster-base elements for exteriorwalls. They are also suitable as elementsfor composite or sandwich construction incombination with hardboard or gypsumboard.

ManufactureIn the wet manufacturing process, waste(rom locally harvested coniferous trees ischipped and shredded. The chips arepulped with vapour in a reaction chamberand subsequently milled into fibres. Addi-tives and, if required, wood preservativesare blended into the fibre slurry. Theslurry is spread on a Foudrinier to createa flat fibrous mat, which is then dehy-drated by extrusion or by applying nega-tive pressure. In the final stage, the matsare shaped into boards and dried.Thicker panels (25-30 mm and upwards)are manufactured by laminating severalindividual boards.

Bituminated Fibreboard [Asphalt-Treated Board; US]

[DIN 68752lermal conductivity:

^ = 0.056-0.060 W/mK'apour diffusion resistance factor:

= 5-10Raw density:p = 200-350 kg/m3


Fhermal capacity:C - 630 kJ/m;'K

\pplication types:T,TV

MaterialBituminated fibreboards are porous woodfibreboards, manufactured with a bitumenadditive.A distinction is made between bitumi-nated (ibreboards• with 10-15 per cent bitumen additive(moisture-proof) and a water absorptionrate of less than 25 per cent (BPH)• with more than 15 per cent bitumenadditive (increased moisture resistance)and an average water absorption of lessthan 20 per cent (BPH2).

Application®The primary areas of application ar& exte-rior walls, roof extensions and subfloors.Bitumen-impregnated wood fibreboardscan be used under roof covering aswater- and airtight layers. The bitumencontent renders them resistant to mois-ture, rot, fungi and insects.

ManufactureBituminated wood fibreboards are manu-factured in the same manner as porouswood fibreboards; the only differencebeing that a bitumen emulsion is addedto the fibre slurry.


6-80Width [mm]:

400-1,220Length [mm]:

1,200-2.500

Manufacturer® (selection)Emfa Baustoff GmbHGlunzAGGutexHolzfaserplattenwerk Schonheide GmbHPa vat exSteinmann

"isionsnickness [mm]:

16-25Wdth [mm]:

[400-1,220Length [mm]:[2,440,2,500

Manufacturer® (selection)Emfa Baustoff GmbHGutexIsofloc Warmedammtechnik GmbHPavatex

Insulating MaterialsCork

Insulating MaterialsExpandable Polystyrene

Cork


XH = 0.040-0.055 W/mKVapour diffusion resistance factor;H = 5-10

Raw density:p - 80-200 kg/m3


Thermal capacity:C = 223 kJ/m;lK

Application types:T. TR, TS

MaterialCork, the outer bark of the cork oak tree,is available - as natural or expandedgranulated material (expanded cork, cak-ing cork) - in the form of insulating panelsand fill.The cork oaks, predominantly indigenousto the western Mediterranean region, canbe debarked every 8 to 10 years. Theyhave a lifespanof 100 to 150 years.

Applications)Cork is mould and rot resistant even whenthoroughly moist. However, exposure tomoisture over an extended period mayresult in fungal decay.Cork insulating boards are laid downloosely, then nailed, plugged or glued.Granulates are poured or injected. Insu-lating cork is especially suitable for usein areas subjected to pressure loadsand as impact sound insulation. Cork canalso be employed in composite insulatingsystems.

For invitations lo tender and orders:• Manufacturer• DIN• Application type• Thickness• Width• LengthCalculated per m2

ManufactureCork is processed into insulating materi-als in a variety of ways depending on theintended use.

Natural granulated cork is manufacturedby crushing raw cork; it is used withoutadditives as insulating fill.

Expanded granulated cork is manufac-tured by adding superheated vapour tothe natural granulated cork under pres-sure in a hermetically sealed container.The natural cork resin (suberin) shifts tothe outside of the granules and bondsthem to each other. The required vapourtemperature depends on the resin con-tent. The blocks are then cut into slabs orgranulated.

Impregnated cork is manufactured byadding a bonding agent such as syn-thetic resin or bitumen to the heatedgranulate.

Expandable Polystyrene (EPS)

DIM 18164-1Thermal conductivity:

, = 0.035-0.040 W/mKVapour diffusion resistance factor:

= 20-100Raw density:p= 15-30 kg/m3


Thermal capacity:C = 43 kJ/rrfK

Application types:T, TV, TR, TS, IC

MaterialPlastic foams are oil-refining productsthat are manufactured by foaming the rawmaterial and simultaneously adding pro-pellants or blowing agents. Plastic foamsare porous in structure and are mainlyavailable as HR-foams.

Expandable polystyrene, also called sty-ropor, is a predominantly closed-cell,hard plastic foam. The "styropor" granu-late is processed into boards, mouldingsand sheets. The material is rot, mould andpest resistant. It is not resistant, however,to constant moisture or humidity.

Appiication(s)It is typically used in non-ventilated flatroofs (which must be protected againsthot bitumen), and composite insulationsystems for exterior walls.Rigid plastic foamboard is not very suita-ble for use in timber frameworks, how-ever, because it does not compensate forwood shrinkage.EPS boards are frequently employed insandwich constructions in combinationwith a variety of materials, for example,with fibrated cement panels as fagadeelements, or with timbering and plaster-board as wall and roof elements.In floor construction, EPS boards areused as impact sound and thermal insula-tion. Loose polystyrene particles can alsobe used as fill.

For invitations to tender and orders:• Manufacturer• DIN• Application type• Grade• Thickness• Width• LengthCalculated per m2

ManufactureThe product is manufactured in threestages:• Frothing

The compact beads are heated with hotvapour and inflated under pressure withpentane blowing agent to make foampellets.

- Intermediate storageThe beads are cooled and dried.

• FoamingThe trothed beads are further inflatedwith vapour into solid forms and bondedto each other. Block mouldings are pro-duced to manufacture the polystyreneboards, which are saw-cut or hot-wirecut.


20-100Format [mm];500 x 1,000, 600 x ,200

Manufacturers) (selection)CortexEmfa Baustoff GmbHGradl & SturmannHeck Dammsysteme GmbHHenjes NaturschrotRdthel GmbH & Co KGZipse Korkvertrieb

tOimensions•Thickness [mm):I 10-200Format [mm]:

500 x 1,000

Manufacturers) (selection)BASFJomaSchwenk

InformationIndustrieverband Hartschaum e.V.

Insulating MaterialsExtruded Polystyrene

Extruded Polystyrene (XPS)


A.R = 0.030-0.040 W/mKVapour diffusion resistance factor:ji = 80-200


Building material classification:B 1.B2

Thermal capacity:C = 58 kJ/m3K

Application types;T, TR, TS


20-200Width [mm]:

600Length [mm]:1,250,2,500

MaterialExtruded polystyrene (XPS) is a closed-cell, hard plastic foam. It differs fromexpandable polystyrene (EPS) in themanner of manufacture. Extruded polysty-rene foam is characterised by its lowmoisture absorption and resistance to rot,ageing and decay; it is not, however,resistant to UV-radiation.

Applications)Extruded polystyrene foam is employedfor all insulation purposes. It is not. how-ever, used in manufacturing impactsound insulating boards. Its principalapplications are the insulation of pitchedroofs and perimeters.Rigid plastic foamboard is not very suita-ble for use in timber frameworks, how-ever, because it cannot compensate forwood shrinkage.

For invitations to tender and orders:• Manufacturer•DIN• Application type• Thickness• Width• LengthCalculated per m2

ManufactureIn the production of extruded polystyrenefoam, polystyrene - which is heated andmelted in an extruder - is foamed byadmixing a blowing agent. The resultingfoam is continuously pressed through airjets into boards, whose characteristic fea-ture is their smooth, sealed foamed skin.They are suitable for use as perimeterinsulation for building components thatare in direct contact with the soil and asinsulation for pitched roofs. For otheruses, blocks are foamed and cut intopanels.

Polyurethane (PUR)

DIN 18164-1Thermal conductivity:^ = 0.020-0,030 W/mK

Vapour diffusion resistance factor:H = 30-100


Building material classification:B1 .B2

Thermal capacity:C - 43 kJ/m3K

Application types:T, TR, TS, TRS

Manufacturers) (selection)BASFDOW DeutschlandGefinex

InformationIndustrieverband Hartschaum e.V


10-300Width [mm]:500-1,200

.Length [mm]:3-3,000

MaterialPolyurethane is composed of variouscrude oil products with different cross-linking densities and raw densities.Polyurethane HR-foam is characterisedby its low moisture absorption and itsresistance to rot, ageing and decay. It is,however, not resistant to UV-radiation.In contrast to polystyrene, PUR HR-foamcan withstand temperature stresses of upto 250 °C.

Polyurethane is manufactured as bothHR-foam and in-situ foam.• Polyurethane HR-foam is a strongly

cross-linked, thermosetting syntheticmaterial, which is usually foamed into aclosed-cell structure (closed-cell ratio ofapproximately 90 per cent]. Open-cellgrades are also manufactured for spe-cial applications. Boards are availablein both laminate and non-laminate form.

• PUR in-situ foam is manufactured onsite. It is used to insulate roofs and to filland seal building joints of doors andwindows, etc.

Application^)PUR foam is used:• as flat roof insulation (PUR HR-foam is

resistant to hot bitumen),• as insulation for high pitched roofs,

between and underneath rafters,• as insulation for external walls on venti-

lated facades (cavity walls),• as a component in sandwich and com-

posite construction.

Rigid plastic foamboard is not very suita-ble for use in timber frameworks, how-ever, because it does not compensate forwood shrinkage.

Insulating MaterialsPolyurethane

For invitations to tender and orders:• Manufacturer-DIN• Application type• Thickness• Width• LengthCalculated per m2

ManufacturePUR HR-foam boards are manufacturedin two different processes:

In the double-belt process, the foamedblend (with pentane blowing agent] isapplied to a bottom surface layer andthen bonded to a top surface layer.Mineral fibrous mats, glass fibrous mats,paper, metal- or compound (sandwich)foil, roof sheeting and moisture-proof roofsheeting are used as surface layers.

In the block foam process, the reactionmixture is poured into an ingot mould.The resulting blocks are cut into boardsonce the foam has hardened and settled.

Manufacturers) (selection}BauderCorrecthanePuren Schaumstoff GmbH

InformationIndustrieverband Hartschajm e.V.

Insulating materialsMineral Wool

Mineral Wool

DIN 18165-1+2Thermal conductivity:

\, = 0.035-0.050 W/mKVapour diffusion resistance factor:u=1 -2


Building material classification:A 1, A2

Thermal capacity:C = 115 kJ/nr'K

Application types:T TV, TR, TS, TRS, TF, I, IC

DimensionsThickness [mm]:20-200

Width [mm]:600, 625, 1,200

Length [mm]:1,200, 1,250,6,000

MaterialMineral wool is a synthetic fibre manufac-tured from a glass, stone and slag smelt.It is supplied as insulation in the form ofsheets, mats, felting or panels of differingdensity. A distinction is made, dependingon the raw material used, between glasswool (yellow colouring] and rock wool(olive green colouring).Mineral fibre insulation, including mineralwool, must be protected against moisture.It is resistant to micro-organisms andpests and does not rot. Composite mate-rials of felting and panels with paper-, alu-minium- and synthetic laminate are avail-able as required.

Application^)Mineral wool insulating materials have awide range of applications as sound,impact sound and thermal insulation, witha special material for each particular use.Sheets are used on ceilings and walls asinsulating and sound absorbing layers.Composite materials composed of min-eral wool and paper/aluminium foil aredesigned with special edges so that theycan be fastened between squared tim-bers (e.g. rafters).

Panels or boards have a variety of uses inwalls, for example, on the exterior side ofmasonry beneath a weather protectionlayer, in composite insulating systems,and (provided permission has beenobtained) as core insulation.They are used as impact sound insulationin floors. Due to their relatively highdegree of compressibility, the thinnestpossible mineral wool impact sound insu-lation panels should be used.Since mineral wool is non-combustible, itis suitable in areas with special fire-pro-tection requirements.

For invitations to tender and orders:• Manufacturer• DIN• Application type• Thickness• Width• LengthCalculated per m2

ManufactureGlass wool is composed of quartz sand,sodium carbonate (or: soda ash), lime-stone, dolomite, feldspar, borax, with arecycled glass content of up to 70 percent.Basalt or diabase, limestone, dolomiteand flux additament are used to manufac-ture rock wool,The raw materials are melted at a temper-ature of 1,200-1,400°C, before beingblown or spun through fine nozzles, defi-brated and subsequently felted into wool-like materials. Synthetic resins are alsoadded as bonding agents. Water-repel-lent oils are employed to bind the fibredust. Waterproofing and bonding agentsare also used.

Manufacturer(s) (selection!Deutsche HeraklithDeutsche Owens-Corning GlasswoolDeutsche RockwoolPfleidererSaint-Gobin Isover G+H AGThiiringer Dammstoffwerke

Sheep's Wool

luildmg authority certification:Z-23.11-1022Z-23.11-332Z-23.1.3.-253hermal conductivity:

= 0.040 W/mK/apour diffusion resistance factor;

law density:p = 20-80 kg/m3

3uilding material classification:B2application types:T TV

')etivery formats/dimensionsWool and braided wool packaged in sacksvials/rolled felting:Thickness [mm]: 20-220Width [mm]: 450-1,000

[Length [mm]: 1,000-8,000

Cotton wool

lilding authority classification:Z-23.11-251Z-23.11-308Z-23.11-1056iermal conductivity:

= 0.040-0.045 W/mK'apour diffusion resistance factor:

= 1-2tew density:p= 20-60 kg/rri!

Juilding material classification:8 1 , B 2application types:T,TV

)e//Ve/y formats/dimensionsSiting (thickness [mm]: 2-20):Width [mm]: 625, 1,200, 1,800lats (thickness [mm]: 50-180):

Idth [mm]: 500-1,200

MaterialSheep's wool is one of the oldest materi-als used by humans to protect them-selves against cold. Sheep's wool fibrousmats are composed entirely of shornsheep's wool. Up to 50 per cent of allrecycled wool is used for sheep's woolfelt. With the addition of borax, sheep'swool is largely resistant to insects andmould fungi.

Application^)Sheep's wool is used in the form of insu-lating mats, braided insulation and pack-ing wool to provide thermal and soundinsulation in roofs, walls and ceilings; it isalso employed in the form of felting asimpact sound insulation.

According to various manufacturers,sheep's wool has an excellent moistureabsorption capacity (up to 30 per cent),combined - in contrast with other fibrousinsulating materials - with extremely goodinsulating properties.

MaterialCotton wool insulation is composed of thehull fibres (up to 97 per cent) of the cottonbush. The long fibres of the hulls containmore than 90 per cent cellulose. The insu-lating material contains borax additive (asmuch as 3 percent),

Applications)This material is used as thermal andsound insulation in roof, wall and ceilingcavities. Insulating feltings are employedas impact sound insulation.Cotton wool insulation is mould resistant.Damage caused by moths, carpet bee-tles, insects and rodents can be pre-vented.

Insulating MaterialsSheep's Wool/Cotton Wool

For invitations to tender and orders:• Manufacturer• Certification No.• Application type• Delivery format• Thickness• Width• LengthCalculated per mJ

ManufactureThe wool is thoroughly washed with soapand soda. The cleansing agent is thencompletely removed through repeatedrinsing in cold water. Next, the wool ismechanically bonded and impregnated.During the final rinse, some manufactur-ers add borax as well as a urea-deriva-tive, such as sulcoforen, as a legallyauthorized preservative against keratin-digesting insects (e.g.. moths, carpetbeetles). Some manufacturers also usepolyester or cotton wool as binding fibresto improve the dimensional stability ofinsulating rolls with a thickness greaterthan 120 mm.

Manufacturer® (selection)DoppelmayerFalke Game KGKloberPurwoll GmbHROWA F. Rothmund GmbHThermowoll Dammstoff GmbH

ManufactureCotton harvested in tropical to subtropicalcultivation areas is processed into fibrousmats, which are then layered to achievethe desired thickness.Cotton wool is available in the form ofmats, felting, padding and injection wool,and as braided insulation.

Manufacturers) (selection)Isocotton GmbHK + K ISO Baumwolle

60 61

Insulating MaterialsFlax/Hemp

Insulating MaterialsCoconut Fibre

Flax

Building authority certification:Z-23.11-239Z-23.11-276Z-23.11-1010

Thermal conductivity:V 0.040 W/mK

Vapour diffusion resistance factor:H=1-2

Raw density:p= 25 kg/m3


Application types:T, TV


40,60,80, 100Width [mm]:

500-1,200Length [mm]:

10,000

Hemp

Building authority certification:2-23.11-1341,ETA 02/0015 (European certification]

Thermal conductivity:X,,= 0.045 W/mK

Vapour diffusion resistance factor:M-0.5-1



Application types:T, TV


20-240Format [mm]:575/600/625/635 x 1,2001,000x2,000

MaterialFlax is a textile fibre (belonging to thegroup of bast fibres) harvested from theroughly 1-metre-long flax plant. As insula-tion, flax is resistant to mould and canabsorb and release up to 20 per cent ofits own weight in moisture.

Application(s)Insulating mats of flax are used for roof,wall and floor insulation.Insulating feltings are used as impactsound insulation. Cavity flocks (insulatingmats cut into small pieces) and shives(wooden parts of the stalks) are used tofill cavities, (or example, sound-boardedceilings.Flax, in the form of pipe casing, is alsoused to insulate ducts and pipes.

MaterialHemp fibres are tear-resistant and alsohighly stress-resistant, which makes themsuitable as impact sound insulation. Sincehemp fibres do not contain protein, theyare naturally protected against pests andmould, thus obviating the need for addi-tives. Hemp fibres can absorb up to 18per cent of their own weight in moistureand release the moisture when the air isdry. They therefore have a balancingeffect on the interior climate.Hemp insulating materials are recyclable.

Applications)Hemp mats are used as thermal insula-tion in walls, ceilings and floors, as sub-or common-rafter insulation and asimpact sound insulation (d = 15/20/30 mm) below floor screeds.

For invitations to tender and orders:• Manufacturer• Certification No.• Application type• Thickness• Width• LengthCalculated per m2

ManufactureAfter the harvest, the stalk of the flax plantis separated into seed capsules andleaves and then roasted to free the fibrebundles of bonding agents. These stepsare followed by washing, drying, break-ing, tumbling (separating the fibres fromthe wood of the stalks) and chopping.The cellulose content of the resultingshort fibres constitutes the thermal insu-lating material. Polyester is usually addedas a stabilising and binding fibre toachieve good recovery. Some manufac-turers also include borax, soluble sodiumor ammonium phosphate to protect thefibres against fire.

Manufacturer(s) (selection)Deutsche Heraklith GmbHFlachshaus GmbHPa vat ex GmbHStattbauhof GmbHBest Naturdammstoffe

ManufactureThe cultivation of non-intoxicating types ofhemp has been permitted in Germanysince 1996. Hemp fibre is gathered fromthe fast-growing hemp plant, which canbe harvested biannually.Safe and harmless agents, such as sodaor ammonium phosphate, are added toprovide flame protection.Hemp insulation is available in pure formand with an admixture of sheep's wool.The mixed grade must be protectedagainst pests. Textile fibres, (e.g. polyes-ter), are added for support.

Manufacturer(s) (selection)Emfa Baustoff GmbHHock Vertriebs-GmbH & Co KGSaint-Gobin Isover G+H AGTreuhanf AG

Coconut Fibre

DIN 18165i Thermal conductivity:\ \ , = 0.045-0.050 W/mKVapour diffusion resistance factor:


Building material classification:I B2[Thermal capacity:i C = 22-57 kJ/nrKApplication types:T, TV, I, IC

Dimensions:Boards:Thickness [mm]:

13, 18, 20,23, 25, 28,40Width [mm]:625

Length [mm]:1.250

Rolled felting:Thickness [mm]:20. 25. 35 ':

Width [mm]:400.500, 670, 1,000

Length [mm]:10,000

MaterialCoconut fibre is gathered from the outer,fibrous layer of the coconut. It is availablein the form of rolled felting, insulatingmats or boards, braided insulating mate-rial and packing wool.

Applications)Coconut insulating mats are available as:• screed insulating boards, multiple

needle-felted and pressed layers, forwet and dry screed as well as forpoured asphalt;

• coconut wall panels for airborne soundinsulating facing shells and partitions;

• needle-felted coconut rolled felting forcavity insulation in walls and floors; ther-mal insulation for roofs and walls; soundinsulation; fill material for door and win-dow joints.

Coconut insulating materials are availablein the form of boards and rolled felts.

For invitations to tender and orders:• Manufacturer• DIN• Application type• Delivery format• Thickness• Width• LengthCalculated per m2

ManufactureThe fibrous layer, which is up to 10 cmthick, is manually removed from the coco-nut and then stored for 6 to 10 months inseawater, during which process all per-ishable components decay (retting). Theusable fibres are dried, aerated, refinedand pressed and formed as needed.

i

Manufacturers) (selection)EZO Isolierstoffe GmbHEmfa Baustoff GmbHRothel GmbH & Co KGZipse Korkvertneb

63

Insulating MaterialsCellulose

Cellulose

Building authority certification;Z-23.11-280Use is subject to compliance withDIN 18165-1 for fibre insulating materials.

Thermal conductivity:K = 0,040-0,045 W/mK

Vapour diffusion resisfance factor:H = 1-2


Building material classification:B 1 , B2

Thermal capacity:C = 100 kJ/m-K

Application types:T,TV

MaterialOld newsprint provides the base materialfor all cellulose flocks. Borate is added forprotection against rot and flammability.Cellulose flocks are loose in structure andinjected into cavities or onto horizontal,curved or inclined surfaces.Injection pressure compresses the flocksto a density of approximately 45-60 kg/m"in roof pitches and 60-70 kg/m3 in walls.

Application(s)Cellulose is typically used to provide ther-mal insulation in roof, wall and ceilingcavities.The mode of application varies: pouringor blowing for open ceilings; injection forroofs and ceilings; spraying for walls.According to DIN 18165-1, the insulatingflocks cannot be assigned any specifictype of application. They can only beemployed in closed cavities. They mustnot be subjected to pressure loads andmust be protected against damp.Compliance with the wood preservationregulation for hazard classification 0under DIN 68800 is a prerequisite for useof this material.

For invitations to tender and orders:• Manufacturers• Certification No.• Application type• ThicknessCalculated per m3

ManufactureCellulose is recycled newsprint, pulpedfrom finely flocked stock, which is impreg-nated with borates (borax and boracicacid) to protect it against fire, rot and pestattack.The paper is pre-shredded, the borate isadded in pulverised dosages, and bothcomponents are blended in a millingprocess and mechanically bonded. Thecellulose mix is freed from dust, slightlycompacted and packaged in papersacks.

Perlite

Non-standardisedBuilding authority certified

[Thermal conductivity:, = 0.55-0.66 W/mK

Vapour diffusion resistance factor:

[Raw density:p = 60-300 kg/m3

fBuilding material classification:A 1, for bitumen casingB 2, for natural resin casing

'Delivery formats/dimensionsPaper bagsPanels:Thickness: 20-200 mmFormat: 600x1,200 mm

MaterialThe base material is crude perlite rock,an aluminium-siliceous rock resultingfrom volcanic activities with temperaturesin excess of 1000 °C. It is mined in open-pit mines in countries with natural depos-its such as Greece and the United States.Expanded perlite contains a wide varietyof additives, chiefly bitumen, natural andsynthetic resins and mineral bondingagents.

Applications)Expanded perlite is used as insulation infloors and roof slopes, as a levelling layerunder floor construction, as sloping insu-lation on flat roofs and as core insulationin double-layered masonry. Perlite is alsoused for chimney linings and as a light-weight aggregate for gypsum plastersand mortar.Owing to their extraordinary load capac-ity, perlite boards are even employedbeneath screeds and floors that are sub-jected to high load stresses.

Insulating MaterialsPerlite/Swelling Clay

For invitations to tender and orders:Perlite:• Manufacturer• Delivery format• Certification No.Swelling clay:• Manufacturer•DINCalculated permVm3

ManufactureThe crude rock is crushed, ground andthen flash-heated to over 1200 JC. Duringthis process, the rock softens, and as thecombined water in it evaporates, the rawperlite expands to 15 to 20 times its origi-nal volume (rock foam). The outcome is awhite granulate with granules measuring0-6 mm in diameter.The surface of the granules, which arecomposed of microscopic cells, is open-pored, providing good interlocking quali-ties for loose, dry in-fill. The surface isalso highly temperature-resistant.Various agents are added to relieve theinherent sensitivity to moisture or toincrease the compressive strength.Fibres and bonding agents are combinedto produce compression-proof panels.(TR, TS)

Manufacturer(s) (selection)Morgan Thermal Ceramics GmbHPerlite Dammstoff GmbH

Delivery formatPaper sacks of 12.5 kg and 13.6 kg

64

Manufacturers) (selection)Besin Mehren GmbHDobry GmbHClimacell GmbHClimatizerC.F.F, CelluloseCWA CelluloseHomann Dammstoffwerk GmbH & Co.KGIntercel GmbHIsofloc Warmedammtechnik GmbHStattbauhof GmbH

Swelling Clay

Non-standardisedThermal conductivity:\ = 0.13-0.20 W/mK

Vapour diffusion resistance factor:

Raw density;p = 325-800 kg/m3


Thermal capacity;C = 252 kJ/nrK

Delivery formatI Loosely packaged in bags of 50, 62.5

l r i b v ™ r s h i p

MateriaiSwelling clay is a mineral granulate com-posed of clay. Swelling clay is dimension-ally stable, water repellent, rot resistantand also resistant to micro-organisms andpests. As a mineral material, it is non-combustible.

Application®Swelling clay is used as cavity fill forsound and thermal insulation (e.g., in ceil-ing cavities) or loosely as a lightweightaggregate for bricks, plaster, lightweightconcrete, etc.

ManufactureThe clay is prepared, finely ground,granulated and fired in revolving kilns ina countercurrent process at roughly1,200 "C The organic matter enclosed inthe clay is burnt off. Supported by heavyoil, the clay granules expand while thesurface melts to some degree and formsa sintered outer skin.

Manufacturer® (selection)Fibrolith WilmsGmbHLeca DeutschlandLias Franken

65

Sheathing PaperVapour Retarding Layer/Vapour Barrier

Sheathing PaperDamp-Proofing

Vapour Retarding Layer/Vapour Barrier

DIN 4108-4

Vapour retarding layers or vapour barriersare essential layers in multi-shell ormultilayer wall structures, whose impor-tance with regard to building physicsand construction engineering is increas-ing as ever greater requirements areplaced on thermal insulation and energysavings.

MaterialVapour retarding layers are composedof coated or uncoated special papersand foils. They ensure that the outwarddiffusion of water vapour forming in abuilding can be metred and controlledthrough its thermal insulation. Permeatedor condensed water vapour has to bedissipated either directly or by ventilation.A seasonal balance at least must bemaintained to ensure that the thermalinsulation remains serviceable,

Vapour barriers are vapour-tight sheetsof plastic, metal foil or layered paperand/or synthetic materials, which preventthe outward diffusion of water vapourfrom the inside. Their vapour diffusionresistance is determined by the vapourdiffusion resistance of the individuallayers from the inside out. As a basicprinciple, each building element layershould permit more diffusion than thelayer below it.

The effectiveness of a vapour barrier isfundamentally dependent on the techni-cal and permanent connections that aremade. Perforations and permeation cansignificantly reduce the functioning ofvapour barriers.

PropertiesThe su-value, the water vapour diffusion-equivalent air-layer thickness, specifiesby how much lower the flow of watervapour is through a building elementlayer in comparison to an air layer ofequal thickness. The value is specified inmetres and is the product of the thicknessof the building material (s) and its watervapour diffusion resistance coefficient u.sD=uxs(m)

Metal foils with a thickness greater than0.05 mm are classified as absolutelyvapour-tight under DIN 4108-4. A materiallayer with a diffusion resistance of so=1500 m is considered vapour-tight forconstruction purposes. These materialscan be used as vapour barriers.

A material with a diffusion resistance2 < s0 < 1500 m can be used as a vapourretarding layer.

Materials with an sD-value < 0.3 m areconsidered diffusion-open.

Diffusion-openVapour retarding layerVapour barrier

sD< 0.3 msD 2-1,500 msD ;> 1,500 m

Recommendations for sealing joints, over-laps, junctions and penetrations of vapourretarding layers and vapour barriers arecontained in DIN 4108-7.

Building papers and sheeting, in additionto their function as a vapour retardinglayer or a vapour barrier, can also per-form the following functions in the struc-ture of a wall or roof construction:• Air-tight layer• Windproof layer• Waterproof underlay• Moisture barrier• Separating layerPay attention to the vapour diffusionresistance!

UseAir-tightness is a basic principle for awood construction designed to function inline with the requirements of buildingphysics and construction engineering.The high insulation values, which arerelatively easy to achieve, of the exteriorsurfaces will only be effective if theyare not cancelled out by leakagesinvolving condensation problems anddraughts.

What is required is a continuous, airtightlevel with a minimal number of junctionsand penetrations as well as joints andjunctions which are not only technically

For invitations to tender and orders:• Manufacturer• sD-value• Thickness• Width• LengthCalculated per m2

simple and safe to install, but also takeinto consideration inevitable deforma-tions. Their correct installation can bechecked using a blower door test.

This requirement applies to vapour-permeable or ventilated exterior wallconstructions and especially to thosewhere the airtight level is also the vapourbarrier. The sealing materials must beco-ordinated and selected in accordancewith wood construction requirements. Asa rule, the air seal is attached inside andmay be identical to the vapour retardinglayer or vapour barrier,

The wind seal, however, is fastened onthe outside of the thermal insulation. Itprotects the thermal insulation fromexcessive cooling and prevents exteriorair from infiltrating, for instance, throughthe joints between the wooden construc-tion and the thermal insulation. To satisfythe requirement of increasing vapourpermeability from the inside to the out-side, a diffusion-open wind seal shouldbe chosen.

For the dimensions and materialssee table p. 68 and 69

Manufacturers) (selection)Alkor Draka Handel GmbHAmpack BautechnikA.W. Andernach KGBauderBinne & Sohn GmbH&Co.KGBraas Dachsysteme GmbHDeutsche Heraklith GmbHDeutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll GmbHDIB Potthast GmbHEwald Dorken GmbHEmfaBaustoffGmbHForbo-StamoidKlbberGmbH&CoKGKoster Bauchemie GmbHMoll Bauokologische Produkte GmbHRothel GmbH S Co KGSamt-Gobin Isover G+H AGVedag AGWanit Universal GmbHWIKA Isolier- und Dammtechnik GmbH

Damp-Proofing

DIN 18195-1 to 10

Building seals that meet the requirementsof DIN 18195 are designed to preventdamage caused by pressing or non-pressing water as well as by groundmoisture on the outside along the border-ing building elements.

Damp-proofing is also required to avertdamage to wooden elements that couldemanate from adjacent building elementssuch as concrete or masonry (buildingdamp) or be caused by damp from thesubsoil or weather.

For these seals, which are not included inDIN 18195, other types of bituminoussheeting can be used than listed barebitumen sheeting, asphalt roofing felt,asphalt roofing seal sheeting, bitumenseal sheeting, asphalt sheeting with dif-ferent interply sheets: e.g. thick PE foil orother flexible plastic sheeting.

DimensionsBitumen sheetingThickness (mm]: 4-5Width [cm]: 100Length [m]: 5

Plastic sheetingThickness [mm]: 1-3Width [cm]: 100,120, 130, 170,200Length [m]: 10,20,25

Separating layers become necessarywhen different building materials areconnected in such a way that their effec-tiveness is impaired or completely lost.

Typical examples of this are separatinglayers on anticapillary courses under-neath reinforced concrete floor slabs,separating layers between impact-soundinsulation and wet lines, or between sheetcovering and timber formwork, etc.

The following materials can be consid-ered for use as separating layersbetween different building elements:• Polyethylene foil• Polyester felts• Foam mats• Oil paper• Sodium bicarbonate kraft paper

For invitations to tender and orders:• Manufacturer• DIN• Thickness• Width• LengthCalculated by m2

DescriptionsBitumen sheeting

BriefdescriptionR500"

G 200 DD

Designation

Asphalt roofing felt withroofing felt intermediate plyAsphalt roofing sealsheeting

V 13 Glass fibre asphaltroofing felt

J300D

Al 0.2 D

V60S4

PV200PYDD

Bitumen seal sheetingwith jute clothBitumen seal sheetingwith steel tape interply sheetAsphalt sheetingwith glass fibre interply sheetPolymer bitumenRoofing felt with polyesterfleece interply sheet

G200PYS5 Polymer bitumen sheetingi with glass fibre interply sheet

Plastic Sheeting

BriefdescriptionEPDM

Designation

Ethylene PropyleneDiene Monomer

CSM

MR

NBR

ChlorsulfonatedPolyethyleneButyl rubber (isobutylene-isoprene elastomer)Nitrile rubber (nitrilebutadiene rubber)

Manufacturers) (selection)A.W. Andernach KGPaul Bauder GmbH Co.Georg Borner GmbH & Co.Braas GmbHDLWAGPhoenix AGSaar-Gummiwerk GmbHVedag AG

InformationIndustrieverband Bitumen-Dach- und Dichtungsbahnen e.V.

Wirtschaftsverband derdeutschen Kautschukindustrie e.V.

67

Sheathing PaperProduct overview

Sheathing PaperProduct Overview

68

SD = u x d[m]

0.008

0.008

<0.02

<0.02

<0.02

0.09

0.12

0.2-5

0.30

0.50

0.80

0.80

2.00

2.00

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.90

<3.00

>3.00

4.39

u Thickness Width[mm] [cm]

Length Material[m]

Product Company

15 0.50 100 100 wool fibre board,impregnant andcellulose fibre

15 0.50 100 50 wool fibre board,impregnant andcellulose fibre,reinforced

Perkalor WIKAnormal

Perkalor WIKA~Diplex

- 150,280 100 high-pressure PE Tyvek Soft Klober

423

2,000

8,700

10,000

10,000

5,000

17,560

150 100 high-pressure PE Tyvek Dry Klober

150 50 high-pressure PE/PP Tyvek Plus Klober

0.22 125 50 impregnated kraft paper Sisalit 50 Ampack

250 25 special acrylate coating Stamisol DW Forbo-on polyester fleece Stamoid

0.005 200 30,60 Polyamid Difunorm Saint-GobinVario IsoverG+H AG

0.30 150 50 special PE fleece with Herafol Deutschemjcrofibre structure Heraklith

0.25 75,105,135

100 recycling cellulose,with glass fabric

pro clima MollKS+

200

0.20

50 diffusion-open TyvapPP spunbonded fabric

Volint

Klober

165 100 sodium bicarbonatekraft paper

Klober

0.23 150 50 kraft papers with flame- Sisalex 500 Ampackretarding paraffin intermed-iate ply and glass fibre mesh

150 50 spun fleece withvapour retardingcoating

Delta-Fol WS Dorken

0.23 75,135 100 building paper EMFA- Emfareinforced with recycling PWDcellulose paper

105 50 special paper made of EMFA- Emfabuilding paper reinforced PWSwith cellulose

0.35

0.23 75, 105,135

100 recycling cellulose pro clima DB Moll

0.23 14,21,75,105, 135

100 recycling cellulose, with pro climaglass fabric DB+

Moll

0.45 105

0.20 100

50 recycling cellulose, with pro clima Mollglass fabric DA+

100 double ply sodium Difulint Kloberbicarbonate kraft paper withgiass fibre reinforcement

0.18 150 25 laminated film made of PP Wandufoland LDPE coating

Wanit

0.25 150 25 double ply kraft Wandufolpaper and glass-gridvapour retarder

Wanit

0.25 100,125,150, 215

50 laminate of two kraftpapers and a glassfibre mesh

Sisalit 303 Ampack

I

SD = M x d

21

u Thickness Width[mm] [cm]

53,304 0.40 100

23 68,800 0.33 150, 180

25

26 77,000

50

58 187,000

75 300,000

100

100

100-130

111 58,500

112 45,000

120

"13O"

300,000

155 62,000

285 69,000

310 125,000

379 1,895,000

>500

620 1,240,000

4,000

4,500 11,250,000

vapour-tight

0.33

0.2

0.31 150, 180

0.25 400

0.20 200

150

0.1 392

0.20 400,600

0.25 600

0.40 400

150

0.25 400, 600

0.40 400, 600

0.30

0.14 150

0.50 100

0.12 150

2.50 110

Length Material[ml

Product Company

100 Paper one-sidedcoated

IMepa WIKA

100,50 PP fibre fleece withPP filling layer

Ampatex DB Ampack90

0.30 140, 280 100, 50 PP fleece with PP coating, DB 25transparent

Bauder

100 100 plastic coatedkraft paper

200

UmodaniO WIKA

30,60 PE foil Difunorm Saint-GobinIsoverG+H AG

100,50 PP fibre fleece withPP filling layer

Ampatex DB Ampack95

25 PE foil vapour barrier BraasPE

50 Polyethylene Rockfol PE DeutscheRockwool

50 Aluminium layer Delta-Folbetween polyester foil and Reflexmesh-reinforced PE foil

Dorken

50 laminate of twoPE foils

PE vapour Kosterbarrier (highly tearproof)

25,50 polyethylene

25 extruded high pressure Alkorpluspolyethylene 81010

DIB vapour DIB Potthastretarding sheeting

Alkor

25 PE foil vapour barrier Braasfk

50 mesh-reinforced PE foil Delta-FolDS130

Dorken

25,50 polyethylene

25,50 polyethylene

100 100 kraft paper withplastic coating andaluminium foil

DIB vapour DIB Potthastretarding sheetingDIB vapour DIB Potthastretarding sheetingUmodan DS WIKA

0.20 100,125, 50 two impregnated kraft Insulex311 Ampack150 papers with glass fibre mesh

and one-sided aluminiumcoating

25

100

double-ply alu foil with Wandufol Wanitintermediate glass mesh Technonormkraft paper with Umodan WIKAplastic coating and Superaluminium foil

100 aluminium laminated DIB aluminium DIB Potthastfoil with double-sided laminatedspecial plastic lamination foil

0.40 122,200 50 two watertight kraft Insulex718 Ampackpapers with an intermediateply of bitumen and sisalfibres, one-sided aluminiumcoating

50 PE with aluminium foiland polyester fibre

Umodan 3- WIKAPlus

Joints and FastenersDowels

Joints and FastenersAnchors/Bolts

Dowels

Dowels are predominantly used as jointsand fasteners subject to shearing stress. o : 0 o o

Rectangular wooden dowels,made of dry hardwood(groups A - C ) .

UseWooden rectangular dowels are insertedin the direction of the grain into recessesin the elements to be connected. Theyare secured with locking bolts.

OrderingHardwood dowelsNumber I x b x d in mmWood speciesTimber quality

Rectangular anchor made of steel.Flat steel anchors

UseFlat steel anchors are inserted intorecesses across the grain, held withsplices and secured with locking bolts.

OrderingFlat steel anchorsNumber I x b x d in mmSteel qualitySurface

Type A TypeC Typs D

ManufacturerTrade

ManufacturerTrade

Specially designed anchorsDIN 1052-2

UsePermissible load and installation require-ments; minimum timber dimensions; mini-mum spacing and initial wood lengths;size and depth of cut; hexagonal studbolts matching the anchors as per DIN1052-2

Type A Anchor Split ring connector(shear plate previously Appel System)0 65-190 mm

Type B Anchor Split ring connector(round wooden dowel made of oak;previously Kiibler System)0 66 and 0 100 mm

Type C Anchor Force fitted dowel(previously Bulldog System)0 48-165 mm

Type D Anchor Force fitted dowel(previously Geka System)0 55-115 mm

Anchor type E Split ring connector,force fitted dowel (previously Siemens-Bauunion System)0 55 and 0 80 mm

Transverse connector for cross-grainjoints with a fitting or wind rod with crossthread in the corresponding bore.

OrderingQuantityType of anchorone-sided/two-sidedplates

E.g. 2 x 2 anchors 0 65-Aplate 0 58/6

Manufacturers) (selection)Bierbach GmbH S Co. KGBulldog-Simpson GmbH

AnchorsDIN 1052

MaterialAnchors are pin-shaped fasteners madeof round steel with headless chamferedends; they are driven into pre-drilledholes. The bore must not be greater thanthe diameter. Minimum diameter 6 mm,in use 8-10-12-16 mm.Lengths 60-160 mm.

UseFitted by hand; the number and size of

1 anchors required is to be calculated inrelation to the load and type of load andto the thickness of the material and theinstallation location.The anchor spacing is determined in rela-tion to the diameter and to the position ofthe anchors vis-a-vis the load-bearingedge and the direction of the grain. Steelsheet timber joints using anchors requirea minimum thickness of 3 mm for theinternal sheets.At least 2 anchors are required per joint.

MaterialSteelS 235, S 275, S 355in accordance with EN 10025Surface galvanised/stainless steel

OrderingDINDiameterLengthSteel qualitySurface

E.g. S Anchor DIN 1052 0 16x160S 235, galvanised

Manufacturers) (selection)Bossard AG SchraubenBulldog-Simpson GmbH

BoltsBolts DIN 601, DIN 931, DIN 933,DIN 6914

MaterialBolts are pin-shaped fasteners made ofround steel with heads, threads and nuts;they are driven into drilled holes with amaximum diameter 1 mm greater thantheir own, with washers on each side,Diameter M8-M24 (for load-bearing con-nections greater than 12 mm),Length 16-200 mm.

Bolts should be fitted so that they can bere-tightened to compensate for woodshrinkage.

UseThe numbers and dimensions of the boltsare calculated in relation to the differenthole soffit strengths, e.g. of solid wood,glued laminated timber, wood-basedmaterial or sheet steel-to-timber joints.The direction of the grain must be takeninto account when determining distancesto the load bearing and non-load bearingedges.

OrderingBoltsSteel quality 3.6, 4.6/4.8, 5,6/5.8, 6.8 inaccordance with EN 20 898Surface hot-dip galvanised

E.g. BM16(0 16) DIN 1052

Shear pinsDIN 7968

MaterialShear pins are bolts, which - like anchors- are driven into tight pre-drilled holes.DiameterM12-M24,Length 35-100 mm.

UseShear pins are used for securing anchorconnections.

OrderingSteel shear pinsSurface hot-dip galvanisedDiameter, DIN

E.g.PBMi6(0 16)DIN 1052

Manufacturers) (selection)Bossard AG Schrauben

Manufacturers) (selection)Bossard AG Schrauben

70 71

Joints and FastenersScrews/Staples

Joints and FastenersNails/Nail Plates

Screws Staples Nails

Wood screwsDIN 95 Raised countersunk head

wood screw, slottedds = 3-6 mmI = 12-80 mm

DIN 96 Round head wood screw,slottedds = 3-6 mmI = 10-80 mm

DIN 97 Countersunk head woodscrew, slottedds = 3-8 mmI = 10-100 mm

DIN 571 Hexagon head wood screwd5 = 4-20 mmI = 20-350 mm

UseThe screw spacing as ior pre-drilled nails.

Pilot hole:smooth shank with ds,threaded portion with 0.7 ds.

Load-bearing assemblies:Nominal diameter d, = min. 4 mm

Observe minimum thicknesses of buildingelements to be connected.

MaterialSteel • natural bright

galvanisednickel-platedbrass-plated

OrderingQuantityAbbreviation SrNominal diameter x length in mmDIMSurface

E.g. 10 x Sr 0 8 x 50 - DIN 97 galvanised.

Manufacturer® (selection)Altenloh, Brinck + CoBierbach GmbH & Co. KGBossard AG SchraubenMAGE Geriring GmbHAdolf Wurth GmbH 8 Co. KG

72

Dry wall screwsDIN 18182 Dry wall screws

for fasteningplasterboard,phosphatedds = 3.5 mmI - 25-70 mm

non-standardisedchipboard screwscountersunk (Spax) with• cross recessed head,• posidrive cross recessedhead,• Torx hexagon socketds = 2.5-10 mmI = 10-400 mm

UseSelf-tapping, usually inserted without pilotholes.

MaterialSteel • galvanised

• phosphated (partially)• stainless

OrderingQuantityAbbreviation Sr/TypeNominal diameter x length in mmDIN (for dry wall screws forfastening plasterboard)Surface

E.g. 10 xSr 0 3 .5x40-DIN 18182phosphated

Manufacturer(s) (selection)Altenloh, Brinck + CoBierbach GmbH & Co. KGBossard AG SchraubenAdolf Wurth GmbH & Co. KG

StaplesU-shaped bent wires,Diameter dn 1.2-2.0 mm.Back min. 15 mm.Length of shank approx. 30-90 mm.

UseFitted by hand or with a nail gun, inaccordance with Ihe German buildingauthority certification.

MaterialSteel - electrogalvanised

• rustproofing paint

OrderingStaplesWire diameter d, x length of shank I

dn, ln in mmStaple spacing e in mm

E.g. Kl 1.53x44 e = 7.5

Manufacturer(s) (selection)Raimund Beck KGJoh. Friedr. Behrens AGBostitch GmbHDuo-Fast GmbHHaubold-Kihlberg •Karl M. ReichPaslode GmbH

NailsIDIN 1151 wire nails"DIN 1143 machine nails

Smooth shank, mostly round nails.Diameter dn from 1.8 to 8.8 mm.Length ln from 35 to 260 mm.Countersunk, deep countersunk, com-pression, flat-head, clout, round-head orlentil. Head diameter in accordance withEC 5 min. 2 dn.

UseThe numbers and dimensions of the nails

(used are to be calculated to take intoaccount the material, its thickness and theinstallation location (single-, double- ormulti-jointed). The impact depth and thespacing of the nails from the edge andfrom each other is dependent on thethickness of the material, the wood spe-cies and grade as well as on the materialsthat are to be jointed (e.g. solid wood withwood-based material, steel, concrete....).By using pilot holes (< 0.9 dn), the splittingeffect of the nails can be diminished, thespacing reduced and the load-bearingcapacity increased. Nails should not beused in cross-grained timber, not even forlower level building elements.

Material[Steel

k• natural bright• electrogalvanised• hot-dip galvanised• possibly tempered• stainless

aluminium (partially); copper (partially)

OrderingType of nail, DIN,Diameter dn x Length Idn in 1/10 mm, ln in mm

MaterialSurface

E.g. nails 38x100 DIN 1159, steel hot-dip galvanised

Manufacturers) (selection)Bierbach GmbH & Co. KG

j Bossard AG Schrauben

Special nailsSpecial nails, with the German buildingauthority certification, in load-bearingcapacity categories I - III. V.a. for nailedjoints using sheet steel brackets.

Groove, ridge/anchor nailswilh horizontally profiled shank (barbedprofile).Diameter dn from 2.5-6 mm.Length In from 35-100 mm.

Self-piercing screws/rafter nailswith screw threads.Diameter dn of 4.2 and 5.1 mm,Lengths lr from 100-320 mm.

UseUse in accordance with the Germanbuilding authority certification

MaterialSteel electrogalvanised

phosphatedstainless

OrderingType of nail

<u.MaterialSurface

E.g. ridge nail 4/50, electrogalvanisedproductload-bearing capacity category III

Manufacturers) (selection)Bierbach GmbH & Co. KGBMF Holzverbinder GmbHBulldog-Simpson GmbHGH-Baubeschlage Hartmann GmbH

Nail platesThese are 1-2 mm thick steel sheets withnail or claw-shapes punched and bentout on one or both sides.The German building authority certifica-tion has been issued for the different sys-tems e.g. BAT-Muttm, BMF, Gang-Nail,Hydro-Nail, TTSTwinaplatte.

UseThe size of the nail plates must be calcu-lated. The nail plates are pressed into theequally thick (single) timbers usinghydraulic jacks.

MaterialHot-dip galvanised steel

OrderingNail platesSize b x h in mm, Type

E.g. NaPI 66x166GN200

Manufacturer(s) (selection)Eleco Bauprodukte GmbH (Gang-Nail)Mi-Tek Industries GmbH (Hydro-Nail)J. Wolf GmbH & Co Systembau KG

(Wolf Nagelplatlen)

InformationInformations- und Giitegemeinschaft derNagelplattenverwender e.V.

73

Joints and FastenersSheet Steel Brackets

Joints and FastenersSheet Steel Brackets

Sheet Steel Brackets

Sheet steel brackets are made out of2-4 mm thick sheet steel, punched andcold-formed.

A German building authority certificationhas been issued for the various shapesand their mountings, The terms used todescribe the same fastenings vary fromsupplier to supplier.

The selected sheet steel brackets do notrepresent the complete product range,and relate to the forces appearing in theexamples chosen.

The use of modern beam constructionshas rendered traditional carpentry jointsaffordable once again. For this reasonthey are being increasingly used in mod-ern wood construction.

UseSheet steel brackets are fastened withauthorized special nails that are chosenaccording to the installation location,(wood-to-wood, wood-to-concrete/steel)

MaterialHot-dip galvanised steel,Stainless steel (partly)

Perforated steel strips

UseAs connectors for smaller constructions.

Dimensions20 x 1.0/1.5 mm25x2.0 mm

OrderingDimensions, TypeNail type, d xl

Canvas bands

Angle connectors

As a perforated plate angle or frompunched sheet

UseFor connecting and fastening.

OrderingDimensions, TypeNail type, dn x ln

Z-Profile

Use UseFor bracing roof constructions. Tighten to For the frontal tastening of the cross-ensure the load-bearing capacity e.g. beams to the main beam.using a ratchet clamp.

OrderingDimensions Dimensions b x h (mm)40 x 2.0/3.0 mm Manufacturer, Type60x2.0 mm Nail type, d nx l r i

80 x 2.0 mm

OrderingDimensions, TypeNail type, d x l

Flat connector

Made of perforated panels in different,partially standardised dimensions.

UseFor connecting flat building elements.

OrderingDimensions, TypeNail type, dn x I

Beam hangers

One or two-piece, sides bending inwardor outward.

UseTo fasten beams to beams/walls.

DimensionsFor wood widths from 36-200 mm withfixed heights.Customised dimensions may sometimesbe ordered. . .

OrderingDimensionsManufacturer, TypeNail type, dnx I.,

Rafter-to-purlin connectors/purlinanchors

UseFor connecting crossing beams.

Ordering

("unufacturer, Type

lil type, dnx in

Rafter foot joints/rafter holders

UseFor connecting rafters to inferior purlins orceilings.

OrderingManufacturer, Type, LengthNail type, d, x li

Main and cross beam-connectors/integral connectors

UseFor connecting main and cross beams.Fastened to the main beam/pillar withspecial nails; slotted into the crossbeamand fixed with anchors.

DimensionsHeights from 80-240 mm

Ordering ~~ •j Manufacturer, TypeAnchor/nail type, dn x ln

Track anchors/profile anchors/woodconnection anchors

UseTo fasten wooden elements into anchortracks or with steel profiles.

OrderingManufacturer, Type, LengthNail type, d n x l n

Beam supports/suspended supports(T-shaped)

UseFor fastening crossbeams to the mainbeam or from beams to pillars.Fastened to the main beam/pillar withspecial nails; slotted into the crossbeamand fixed with anchors.

MaterialHot-dip galvanised steel

OrderingType, Quantity, DimensionsNails/anchors

Pillar bases

UsePillar bases (pillar bracket, post holder)serve to connect the pillar with the foun-dation or the ceiling. The connection ismade by fixing base plates and dowelsonto the concrete or by using ribbed rockdowels and grouting in the recesses inthe concrete.A distinction is made between the follow-ing types:

• Pillar base made of U-shaped bent flatsteel with a welded-on wing rod or cir-cular tube.Fastened with wood screws or anchors,fixed or height adjustable.

• Pillar base made of T-profile withwelded-on wing rod or circular tube.Fastened with wood screws or anchors,fixed or height adjustable.

• Pillar base made of round steel orthreaded rod with plate (glulam pillarsupport).Drilled and secured with a steel spikeand if necessary glued, fixed or heightadjustable

• Pillar base made of two flat steel pro-files.Fastened with wood screws

OrderingCompany-specific type designation

Manufacturerfs) (seiection)Hot-dip galvanised steelBierbach GmbH & Co. KG(BILOFormteile)BMF Holzverbinder GmbHBulldog-Simpson GmbHGH-Baubeschlage Hartmann GmbH

74 75

Wood Preservation Wood Preservation

Wood Preservation

DIN 68800 1 to 5DIN 68364DIN EN 350-2DIN EN 460

Wood and wood-based materials are atrisk from vegetable pesls (fungi) and ani-mal pests (insects). When infestationoccurs, the outward appearance, the effi-ciency and the load-bearing capacity ofwooden structures can be reduced tosuch an extent that they are completelydestroyed.

Fungi require organic material (cellulose)for their development. They thrive particu-larly well in moist, warm areas without anair-flow. There are different types ofmould, e.g. "real dry rot". As a rule the rotcaused by fungi requires a wood mois-ture content of at least 20 %.

Insects, primarily beetles, e.g. wood ticks,use the sap area of the wood (predomi-nantly softwood), as a source of food andto house their larvae. The fully developedticks leave the wood through characteris-tic entrances. Not only living trees can beattacked, but also dry built-in timber, Awood moisture content of at least 10% isa precondition for infestation.

Wood preservation is subdivided intoremedial wood preservation, which isnecessary when infestation has alreadytaken place, and preventative wood pres-ervation, which stops infestation bydestroying the preconditions under whichthe pests thnv9.

Preventative wood preservationPreventative wood preservation can beachieved in several ways:- wood selection• wood preservation by design• chemical wood preservation

Wood Selection:It is important to select well-dried andseasoned timber (wood moisture contentu < 20 %) and, where possible, to use atimber species with great durability orhigh resistance (see appendix).

Structural wood preservation:This must be taken into consideration dur-ing the design phase e.g. when choosingthe location of the building, designing thefacade or planning protective roof projec-tions. When working out the details, how-ever, what must be avoided, above all, iscontact to the ground, the formation ofcondensation, and continual moisturepenetration of the wood by rain andsplashing water. Damp timbers must beable to dry out. Thus a fundamentalaspect of structural wood preservationinvolves aerating and ventilating the con-struction and the building element layersin order to allow any moisture to escape.

Chemical wood preservation:Fungus and insect infestation should beprevented by using chemical wood pre-servatives.

DIN 68800-3 differentiates betweenchemical wood preservatives for:• load-bearing and reinforcing wooden

building elements• non-bearing timbers which are dimen-

sionally unstable• dimensionally stable non-bearing tim-

bers for windows and exterior doors

Preventative wood preservation is com-pulsory for load-bearing building ele-ments. However chemical wood preser-vatives are only required for certain haz-ard classes, which are listed in DIN68800-3 (see appendix).

The standard merely makes recommen-dations for non-bearing building elementswhich are dimensionally unstable. Ifwritten agreement has been reachedbetween the architect and the builder, thewood need not be chemically preserved.Large-area application of wood preserva-tives should generally be avoided on theinterior.

Chemical wood preservatives need notbe used on windows and exterior doors ifheartwood complying with certain durabil-ity grades is used (see appendix).

Durability grades in accordance withDIN 1052:

Grade1

Descriptionvery durabledurablereasonably durablenot very durablenon-durable

Hazard classes:Under DIN 68800-3. timber building ele-ments and wood-based materials areallocated a hazard class ranging from GK0 to GK 4 - not at risk to highly at risk -according to their area of application.Hazard class 0 does not require chemicalwood preservation.

The application of chemical agents is notmandatory for classes GK 1 to GK 4either, e.g. if timbers are used which areconsidered sufficiently "naturally durable"for the hazard class in question.

A special certificate can also be obtainedto assign a structure to a lower hazardclass. To obtain this certificate, specialstructural measures must be taken todestroy destructive fungi and preventinsects from accessing covered timbers.

A wood moisture content of below 20 percent is required to avoid fungal decay.Insect attacks can be prevented by tak-ing structural protection measures, e.g.by using suitable cladding or by keepingthe wood moisture content below 10 percent. If the wood remains open and canbe inspected for insect attacks, chemical

od preservatives can also be avoided,'e.g. in undeveloped roof trusses, ifaccessibility is ensured.

Nearly all load-bearing and reinforcingbuilding elements can be classified asGK 0, with the exception of sills (GK 2).Chemical wood preservatives can also be[dispensed with here if sap-free pine,'larch or Douglas fir is used.

Chemical wood preservatives:Wood preservation by design should begiven priority in every case when buildingwood constructions. If it is pursued con-sistently chemical wood preservatives canbe avoided completely. Even under DIN,preventative chemical wood preservationis only a supplementary measure, andshould be taken only when wood selectionand design measures prove inadequate.

DIN 68800-3 specifies how the woodpreservatives are to be applied:• according to the inspection grades:

- insect repelling Iv- inimical to mould P- weatherproof W- inimical to mildew E,each preservative can be applied indi-vidually or in combination depending onthe hazard class.

• according to the wood species (roundtimber, sawn timber, laminated wood ...)

• according to the method of application(painting, spraying, dipping, boreholeimpregnation, vacuum and boiler pres-sure impregnation ...), including pos-sible pre-treatments of wood speciesthat are difficult to impregnate and theappropriate amounts to be applied forthe hazard classes stipulated, whilstobserving occupational health andsafety measures.

Pay attention to the manufacturers'instructions.Wood preservatives can be divided into:• water soluble wood preservatives,• solvent based wood preservatives,• oleaginous wood preservatives.

Water soluble wood preservatives:These preservatives contain inorganic ororganic salts as agents which act asbiocides.A problem with inorganic water-solublewood preservative salts is leaching causedby moisture, e.g. rain. Salts for hazardclasses 1 and 2 are always leachable andneed to be covered on site to protect themagainst moisture. Non-leachable salts forhazard classes 3 and 4 contain chromates(chrome-VI-compounds) and require a fix-ing period of several weeks in the wood.They need to be stored and protected fromrain during this time.

Organic water-soluble salts are approvedfor hazard classes 3 and 4 and fix inwood without the addition of chromates.

Solvent based wood preservatives:These comprise organic solvents andorganic compounds which act as bio-cides. There is a controversial publicdebate about some of the fungicides andinsecticides used (e.g. pyrethroid). Spe-cific problems arise when pentachloro-phenol (PCP) and lindane-containingagents are used indoors. For this reasonPCP has been banned in Germany since1990.

Oleaginous wood preservatives:These are creosote compounds andcreosoles.

Processing:For reasons of occupational health andsafety during processing, and to protectsubsequent occupants from exposure tothe agents and solvents contained in thewood, it is principally recommended thatclosed equipment be used to introduce thepreservatives into the wood (boiler pres-sure impregnation, possibly also troughimpregnation, spray tunnel procedure).

The processing of wood preservatives onthe construction site should be limited tothe treatment of sawn edges, etc. Further-more, the wood preservative should beapplied by brush and not sprayed.

Identification:Only products whose effectiveness andharmlessness have been demonstrated intests may be used as chemical wood pre-servatives. They are subject to theapproval mark regulation of the GermanLander and are issued with the Institute ofStructural Engineering in Berlin approvalmark when their usability has beenproven,

The area of constructed wood that hasbeen treated must be provided with long-term visible identification by the contrac-tor in accordance with DIN 68800-3.

Waste disposal:Remains of wood preservatives as well asempty containers and contaminatedpackages are hazardous waste. Timbertreated with wood preservatives must beincinerated as hazardous waste. Landfill-ing is prohibited.

Manufacturer(s) (selection)AURO-Pflanzenchemie GmbHBeeckGmbH 8 Co KGDesowag GmbHKulba-Bauchemie GmbHLeinos-Naturfarben GmbHLivos Pflanzenchemie GmbHRCH Fluorchemie GmbHRemmers Chmie GmbH & CoWehl GmbHDr. Wolmann GmbH

InformationThe Deutsche Institut fur Bautechnik(DIBt) Berlin (German Institute for Struc-tural Engineering) issues a list ofapproved wood preservation productsannually.Gutegemeinschaft Holzschutzmirtel e.V.

76 77

Joint Sealing Tapes

Joint sealing tapes

DIN 18542

For invitations to tender and orders:• Manufacturer• Thickness• Width• Length• ColourCalculated per metre

MaterialOpen-pored and closed-cell materials areused for joint sealing tapes.Common types of sealing tapes are:• foam sealing tape• silicon sealing tape• butyl rubber tape

Open-pored sealing tapes are made ofpolyuretriane soft foam, for example,which is impregnated with pre-set flame-retardant synthetic resin, partially impreg-nated with bitumen, and can be pre-com-pressed at the factory for the applicationin question.

Closed-cell materials made of plastic areusually used for damp-proofing.

Open-pored materials have good soundinsulation properties, but are only effec-tive as damp- and wind-proof seals whencompressed.

Joint sealing tapes are available as singleor double-sided adhesive tapes.

UseJoint sealing tapes are used to function-ally connect building elements and build-ing element layers to each other. Accord-ing to the level of compression, they areeither driving rain or wind-proof, and cantherefore create both rain and wind barri-ers along joints.To prevent the formation of condensationat a joint's edges, the joint must have avapour-tight structure on the inside.

Processing:Sealing tapes are normally supplied pre-compressed (to approx. 20 per cent ofthe original thickness), whereby theretraction to the width of the joint is sogradual that it allows sufficient time dur-ing application to position the tape intothe joint.The seal effect of the joint sealing tapedepends on its residual compressionwhen in position:

< 20 %up to 25

Delivery conditionrequirements inaccordance withDIN 18542

up to 35 % ' seals against strong rain,good sound insulation

up to 50 % [ water repellent,draught-proof, dust-tight

100' original thickness

The adhesive strength at the edges of thejoints is primarily determined by therestoring force of the expanding tape.The self-adhesive tape surface serves asan application aid,

Dimensions:Length of reel [m]: 2-10, according tothicknessThickness (uncompressed) [mm): 10-150Width [mm]: 10-1,000

Manufacturers) (selection)Hanno-Werk GmbH & Co.KGHenkel Bautechmk GmbHHenkel Teroson GmbHNlbruck Bautechnik GmbHKAWOKarlWolpersSlka Chemie GmbH

Timber StructuresOverview Timber Structures

Built Examples

[Temporary Bank in Nuremberg

Built Examples

81

82

84

86

90

92

94

96

Temporary Bank in Nurembergami architekturwerkstatt

Weekend House in VallemaggiaRobert Briccola, Gibiasco

House near Bad To'lzFink + Jocher, Munich

Church Community Centreand Youth Centre in LentingAndreas Meek undStephan K6ppel, Munich

Housing Development in TrofaiachHubert Riess, Graz

Lakeside Bathing Facilities in Zug,SwitzerlandAlfred Krahenbuhl, Zug

School Building in St Peter,SwitzerlandConradin Clavuot. Chur

Media Library in the Cantonal Schoolin KusnachtBetrix & Consolascio mitErich Maier, Erlenbach

Parquet Showrooms in LmdauKarl Theodor Keller, Munich

I ami architekturwerkstatt[Matthias Loebermann, Nuremberg

ie "Blue Box" meets the requirements offthe brief by providing a flexible, low-cost,1 temporary structure with a pleasant inter-nal ambience. The modular system con-

Isistsof a basic unit 3 m wide and 9 mI long, Three modules are combined here' to create a single structure 9 x 9 m oni plan with a room height of 2.50 m.(The elements are laid on a supportingbase, consisting of three beams. Thewall, roof and floor panels are in timber-

| frame construction with insulation. Toreduce the span of the minimally sloping

, roof, a row of columns was inserted along

Isometric (not to scale)Vertical section scale 1:20

the middle of the space. A room-heightwindow can be installed in every module,with pivoting louvres to provide sunshad-ing. The system can also be used forexhibition or information pavilions.

03 DETAIL 4/2001

1 roof construction, waterproof membrane19 mm three-ply laminated sheeting40 mm ventilated cavity; 40-80 mm wood finings160 mm thermal insulation;80/160 mm timber rafters15 mm oriented strand board

2 softwood casement with insulating double glazing3 30 mm five-ply larch laminated sunshade louvres4 flat steel movable fixing for louvres

81

Timber StructuresBuilt Examples

Weekend House in Vallemaggia


Roberto Briccola, Giubiasco

Reflecting the tradition of the Walser Val-ley granaries, this small weekend housewas designed to impinge as little as pos-sible on the natural surroundings. Thesiting of the simple cubic volume allowsfor later additions. Raised on four cornerpiles, it seems to hover above the Alpinemeadow.

The ground floor houses the entrance,living and dining areas, with an integratedkitchen strip. The living realm extendsout into a sheltered loggia, On the upperfloor are two simple sleeping cells and ashower. Apart from the concrete piles andthe raking, welded-steel porch, the house

is entirely in timber. The structural ele-ments are in fir. Externally, the house isclad on all faces with larch boarding.Internally, it is lined with three-layer lami-nated sheeting. IQ DETAIL 3/2001

Floor plans • Sections scale 1:200

roof construction:plastic sheet sealing layer27 mm three-layer fir laminated boarding160 mm miners I-woo I thermal insulation100/200 mm fir raftersvapour barrier19 mm three-layer tir laminated boardingwall construction:27 mm larch ton gued-and-grooved boarding27 mm battens140 mm mineral-wool thermal insulationvapour barrier27 mm battens19 mm three-layer fir laminated boarding27 mm three-layer fir laminated boarding100/160 mm (ir rafters19 mm three-layer hr laminated boarding27 mm three-layer fir laminated boardingvapour barrier160 mm mineral-wool thermal insulation19 mm orientsd-stranfl board

Horizontal seoticiVertical sectionscale 1:20

8382



House near Bad Tolz

Fink + Jocher, MunichDietrich FinkThomas Jocher

Erected within a period of nine monthswith prefabricated timber elements, thistwo-storey, low-energy house reflectsthe vernacular of the local farm buildingsthrough the use of a few simple details.The transparent areas in the north fa-cade were kept to a minimum in order toreduce energy losses. To avoid extremesof temperature, sliding shutters with lou-vres set at different angles were installedfor the large areas of glazing in the south,west and east faces.The timber stud walls were based on theAmerican balloon-frame system, usingfull-height elements with continuous verti-

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cal members. The walls are in a two-skinform of construction and are braced bythe internal plywood lining. The inner leaf,in which the mechanical services arehoused, bears the loads from the floor,which stops short of the vapour barrier.This ensured a simple assembly of thehouse and a safe, airtight construction. Thewall is insulated with a total thickness of22 cm cellulose fibre. The problem of noisetransmission via the continuous verticalstuds was reduced by building the innerleaf of the wall with horizontal members.The floor is in a simple, hand-nailed verti-cally stacked plank construction. The

advantage of this system is that it allowsthe use of cheaper off cut products. Thefloor also has great rigidity, with a struc-tural depth comparable to that of a rein-forced concrete slab. No chemical pre-servatives were used for the wall, floor orroof timbers. ty DETAIL 1/1998

Floor pla-is • Section scale 1:250

Horizontal section First floor • vertical sectionscale 1:20

1 roof construction: concrete roof tiles30/50 mm battens, 24/46 mm counter-battensmoisture-diffusing roof sheeting24 mm sawn tongued-and-grooved boarding160 mm cellulose-fibre thermal insulationbetween 60/160 mm rattersaluminium foil vapour barrier40 mm thermal insulationbetween 40/60 mm battens12.5 mm plasterboard

2 wall construction:30/50 mm untreated larch stripsinsect screen, 30/50 mm battensmoisture-diffusing wind proof building paper24 mm softwood tongued-and-grooved boarding160 mm cellulose-fibre thermal insulationbetween 60/160 mm timber studs12 mm plywood construction boardpolythene sheet vapour barrier60 mm thermal insulation between 60/60 mmtimber battens, 12.5 mm plasterboard

3 larch strips splay cut on both edges;white glazed on edges and rear lace

8485



Church Community Centreand Youth Centre in Lenting

Andreas Meek undStephan Koppel, Munich

This lightweight, largely prefabricatedtimber structure was erected close tothe site boundary, with the hall and grouprooms overlooking the garden. Accessfrom the road is via an elevated walkway,with the entrance to the community centreat upper floor level. The large hall canbe divided into smaiier units by slidingpartitions that disappear into recesses inthe wall.

The youth centre on the lower floor has itsown entrance, but is linked with the mainfoyer by an internal staircase. The wallsare in timber stud construction braced onboth faces with oriented-strand boardsheets. The roof over the hall is a nailedbeam structure, while the floors are in astacked plank form of construction, Theexternal walls and foyer walls are clad inlarch boarding in a warm red tone.

CP DETAIL 1/2000

Longitudinal sectionUp pel floor planGround tloor planscale 1:400

roof construction:2 mm plastic sealing layer180-280 mm insulation finished to fallsvapour barrier180 mm vertically stacked plank floor30/50 mm battens18 mm beech-laminated boardwall construction:24/52 mm larch cladding40/60 mm battenswindproot layer15 nim onented-strand board130 mm thermal insulationvapour barrier15 mm oriented-strand board30/50 mm battens2x 12.5 mm plasterboard8 mm mosaic tiles Horizontal section • vertical section scale 1:20



Housing Development in Trofaiach

Hubert Riess, Graz

This housing development, which occu-pies an entire street block, comprisestwo three-storey linear tracts with a pro-tected landscaped zone between them.The strips are divided by straight-flightstaircases Ihat extend over the full widthot the blocks. Each staircase providesaccess from the courtyard side to twodwellings on each floor. The dwellingsthemselves have an east-west orienta-tion.

All external walls and party cross-wallsare load-bearing and were prefabricatedin storey-height units. The facade ele-ments, extending over the full width of adwelling, are connected by laminatedtimber beams and fixed to the floors.The roofs and staircases are also in aprefabricated unit construction system.

V DETAIL 4/2001

Floor plansscale 1:500

Horizontal sectionVertical sectionscale 1:20

1 stainless-steel standing-seam roofing,leaded30 mm sawn timber boarding80/180 mm limber rafters, ventilatedwindproof building paper19 mm chipboard240 mm thermal insulation between100/240 mm softwood purlinspolythene sheeting19 mm chipboard24 mm open-joint boarding15 mm gypsum fibreBoard

2 160/480 mm laminated timber beam3 19 mm larch boarding

30/60 mm battenswindproof building paper10 mm gypsum fibreboard12.5 mm gypsum fibreboard160 mm thermal insulation between80/160 mm softwood postspolythene sheeting with welded joints12.5 mm gypsum fibreboard10 mm gypsum fibreboard


Lakeside Bathing Facilities in Zug,Switzerland

Alfred Krahenbuhl, Zug


Horizontal sectionVertical sectionscale 1:20

T T T 7 T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T

Floor plan scale 1:500

90

These simple timber structures, housingfacilities for bathers, screen the lake shorefrom the railway line to the north. The tim-ber stud walls and the box-beam roof con-struction were both prefabricated. Whenclosed, the doors and shutters form anintegral part of the facade. In an openposition, their natural wood inner faces arecontrasted with the continuous white boardcladding. Along the south side is an open,covered arcade; and a shading pergolahas been erected in front of the kiosk.Solar panels on the planted roof augmentthe hot water supply. QJ DETAIL 1/2000

1 wood casement with double glazing2 225/21 mm boarding3 27 mm sandwich slab4 120/1 SO mm beam5 120/120 mm post6 2x 60/140 mm pairs Of beams7 0.8 mm sheet copper gutter8 roof construction:

60 mm planted layerseparating mattwo-layer polymer-bitumen waterproof membranetimber box-section element:2x 15 mm oriented-strand boardand 60/200 mm wood framing120 mm rock-wool insulation

9 wall construction:225/21 mm boarding25/50 mm battens15 mm oriented-strand board80/120 mm timber stud posts27 mm sandwich slab7.8 mm tiles

10 25 mm larch strip paving .' ;-

91


School Building in St Peter,Switzerland


Conradin Clavuot, Chur

The new complex is well integrated intothe intact local vernacular. The externalwalls of the school building are in a two-layer form of conslruction. The inner layerconsists of a flexible system of 11.5 x 20cm planed, tongued-and-grooved, butotherwise untreated horizontal beams.Shrinkage in the beams, caused by thedrying out of residual moisture, togetherwith heavy snow loads in winter, resulls inmovement within the walls, which are upto 36 m long and 7.5 m high. To allow thewall beams to settle and still perform aload-bearing function, Ihey are flexibly"laced" to fan-dovetailed sectionsscrewed to a rigid system of verticalposts. The thermal insulation, casementsand larch facade boarding are also fixedto the rigid posts. CP DETAIL 1/2000

SectionsFourth floor planSecond floor planscale 1:800

Section through facade of school buildingscale 1:20

roof construction: sheet copper roofingseparating layer27 mm boarding; 75 mm to projecting eaves260/310 (160) mm beamswaterproof membrane2x 60 mm rock-wool insulationvapour barrier27 mm boarding120/200 mm joistswall construction:40 and 60 mm larch boardingbattens/ventilated cavitywind proof paper2X BO mm rock-wool insulationvapour barrier120 mm cavity between posts26 mm sandwich slat),as bracing only in casement area45 mm space for service runs115/200 mm horizontal lacedsoftwood beams

Isometric of standard wall construction

92


Media Library in the Cantonal School inKiisnacht

Marie-Claude Betrix &Eraldo ConsolascioEric Maier, Erlenbach

r

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Sections • Floor plans scale 1:250

In this new building, which seeks to evokethe spatial atmosphere of classical librar-ies, the shelving forms part of the load-bearing structure. The closed side walls,the intermediate floor and the roof consistof prefabricated timber box elements. Thesides of the shelving, in laminated timbersheeting, function as vertical columns,As tension elements, they also bear theloads from the cantilevered section of theupper floor, which is suspended from theroof. The highly insulated external wallsand roof, the extremely low U-value of theglazing, and the controlled ventilation ofthe internal spaces coupled with a heatrecovery system ensure a low energyconsumption that complies with the Swiss"minergie" standard. CP DETAIL 5/2002

Details section scale 1:20

40 mm fine stone chippings on separating layertwo-layer waterproof membrane withroot-resisting layer27 mm laminated timber sheeting330-440 mm cellulose thermal insulation33 mm laminated limber sheetingdemountable masking sheet100/431 mm lam. timber sheet column33 mm lam. timber shelf6 mm linoleum with cork backing27 mm lam. timber sheeting230 mm expanded clay filling27 mm lam. timber sheetingfabric blindlow-E glazing; U = 0.54 W/m=K10 mm screen-printed toughened safety glasssheet-copper gutter and coveringsoftwood cover strip

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AppendixContents

Parquet Showrooms in Lindau

Karl Theodor Keller, Munich

Based on a rectangular plan, this simplebuilding replaces an earlier house of thesame form. On the ground floor is a salesarea and a store; on the upper floor, anoffice and exhibition space. The load-bearing structure consists largely of athermally insulated timber skeleton frame.In the area of the shop, however, theouter walls and the first floor are in a solidform of construction. Externally, the build-ing is clad with common formwork planksarticulated by glass strips of the samesize. This determined not only the dimen-sions of the external grid, but also theform of construction. A continuous hori-

zontal band of glazing - openable in part- extends along all faces of the building.It is complemented by conventional win-dows. I4J DETAIL 7/1998

Standard facade detailsscale 1:101 wall construction: impregnated formwork panels

with galvanized steel edge stripssaw-tooth battens/cavitywmdproof sheetingrock-wool insulation belween 1007180 mmposts and railsvapour barrier16 mm untreated lam. building board

2 double-glazing strip; opening light3 stainless-steel frame4 saw-tooth battens5 fixed double glazing

Appendix

9899

100101102107109110

GradesMaterial classesStandardsLiteratureReferencesSubject indexIndex of projectsPicture Credits

9697

AppendixGrades Appendix

Material classes

Grading criteria for squared timber, visually graded in accordance with DIN 4074-1

Grade characteristics

1. Wane

2. Knots

3. Avg. width of annualrings for Douglas fir

4. Grain slope

5. Cracks:• Radial shakes (checks)• Lightning shakesFrost cracksRound shakes

6. Stains:• blue-stain• brown and red stripes:

low nail-holding capacity

• red rot• white rot

7. Compression wood

8. Insect holes

9. Misteltoe attack

10. Camber,longitudinal curvature,twisting

GradeS7

all four sides must bestripped continuouslywith a cutting tool

up to 3/5

-

up to 200 mm/m

permissiblenot permissible

permissiblepermissible for upto 3/5 of the crosssection or the surfacenot permissible

permissible for up to 3/5of the cross-sectionor the surface

boreholes, caused by insectsattacking green wood,of up to 2 mm in diameterpermissible

not permissible

up to 15 mm/2 m

GradeS10

up to 1/3; in each cross-section at least 1/3 of eachcross-section side mustbe wane free

up to 2/5,not exceeding 70 mm

up to 6 mmup to 8 mm

up to 120 mm/m


permissiblepermissible for upto 2/5 of the cross-section or the surfacenot permissible

up to 2/5 of the cross-sectionor permissible for the surface


not permissible

up to 8 mm/2 m

GradeS13

up to 1/8; in each cross-1 section at least 2/3 of each

cross-section side mustbe wane free

up to 1/5,no more than 50 mm

up to 4 mmup to 6 mm

up to 70 mm/m


permissiblepermissible for up-to 1/5 of the crosssection or the surfacenot permissible

permissible for up to 1/5of the cross-section orthe surface


not permissible

up to 5 mm/2 m

Maximum values for the moisture of woods for load-bearing and reinforcing building elements; these values must not be exceededduring the period of use. (Table 2 DIN 68800-2)

Materialclass

20

100

100 G

Moisturemax u

15% (12 forfibreboard)

21 %

The boards must not become moist, or only to the extent that their moisture contentincreases over a short period and does not exceed 15 mass-% at any point,Penetrating moisture must be able to escape unhindered.

If surrounding air conditions permit either a higher long-term equilibrium moisture content (EMC)in the boards or a short-term increase in their moisture content provided the latter doesnot exceed 18 mass-% at any point and any additional penetrating moisture can escape unhindered.

If surrounding air conditions permit a higher long-term EMC or higher moisture content in boardsand penetrating moisture can only escape over an extended period of time.

Required material classes (Table 3 DIN 68800-2)

Line

1

1.11.2

22.12.2

2.32,4

33.13.1.13.1,23.23.2.13.2,23.33.3.1

3.3.2

Materialclass

20

20

10020

100100

100

100

20100G

100100G

100G

100

Area of Application

Cladding on the room side of walls, as well as on ceilings and roofs in residential buildingsand in buildings used for comparable purposes.In general:Surface panelling as well as load-bearing or reinforcing panelling of ceilings belowattic floors that have not been fitted out.

a) ventilated ceilingsb) n on-ventilated ceilings

- without an adequate insulation layer-with an adequate insulation layer (1/A £0.75 m2K/W)

Outside panelling on exterior wallsVentilated cavity between exterior cladding and weatherproofing skin.Weatherproof ing skin, cavity insufficiently ventilated, d iff us ion -open, and water-drainingcovering over the panelling.Thermal-insulating composite system directly attached to panelling. . .Masonry facing shell, cavity insufficiently ventilated, panel covering with;a) water-draining layer with so > 1 mb) HR-foam panels at least 30 mm thick.

Top panelling of roofs, load-bearing or reinforcing roof-boardingPanelling or boarding in contact with the room airAttached thermal -insulating layer (e.g. in residential buildings, heated halls)Without attached thermal -insulating layer (e.g. flat roofs on unheated halls)Roof cross-section ventilated beneath the panelling or boardingPitched roof with coveringFlat roof with moisture-proof roofingRoof cross-section not-ventilated beneath the panelling or boardingVentilated cavity above the panelling or boarding, material covered on the upperside with water-repelling foil or similar materialNo vapour-barriers (e.g. foils) beneath the panelling or boarding,thermal insulation mainly above the panelling or boarding

Cases not mentioned here are to be classified in accordance with the above when determining the required material class. Classes20 or 100, which have been determined in this way, may not- under any circumstances - be replaced by class 100 G.According to DIN 68800-5, wood-based materials serving as load-bearing and reinforcing elements must be protected against fungiin cases where moisture loads are high; this measure is expedient for wood-based materials not used as load-bearing elements.

The German Ordinance on Energy Saving (EnEV 2002), thermal insulation ordinance, the ordinance on energy-saving thermalprotection in buildings.

gg

AppendixStandards

AppendixLiterature

Standards

DIN 1052 Part 1: Structural use of timber;design and construction

DIN 1052 Part 2: Structural use of timber;mechanically fastened joints

DIN 1055 Action on structures

DIN 1101 Wood wool slabs and multi-layered slabs as insulating materials inbuilding

DIN 4070-1 Softwood; cross-sectionaldimensions and static values for sawntimber, square timber stock and roofbattens

DIN 4070-2 Coniferous timber; dimen-sions of cross-sections and static values,goods sawn for dimensions and specifi-cation

DIN 4071-1 Unplaned boards and planksmade of coniferous timber; dimensions

DIN 4072 Boards tongued and grooved,made of coniferous timber

DIN 4073-1 Planed boards and planks,made of coniferous timber; dimensions

DIN 4074-1 Strength grading of wood;coniferous sawn timber

DIN 4102 Fire behaviour of building mate-rials and building components

DIN 4108Thermal protection and energyeconomy in buildings

DIN 4109 Sound insulation in buildings; -requirements and testing

DIN 17440 Stainless steels - technicaldelivery conditions for drawn wire

DIN 18161-1 Cork products as insulatingbuilding materials; insulating materials forthermal insulation

DIN 18164-1 Cellular plastics as insula-ting building materials - Part 1: Insulatingmaterials for thermal insulation

DIN 18165 Fibrous insulating buildingmaterials

DIN 18180 Gypsum plasterboard; types,requirements and testing

DIN 18182 Accessoires for use withgypsum plasterboards

DIN 18195-1-5 Water-proofing of buil-dings

DIN 18203-3 Tolerances for building; buil-ding components of timber and woodbased panel products

DIN 18334 Contract procedures for buil-ding works - Part C: General technical

mn

specifications for building works: carpen-try and timber construction work

DIN 18542 Sealing of outside wall jointswith impregnated sealing tapes made ofcellular plastics - Impregnated sealingtapes - Requirements and testing

DIN 18560 Screeds in building construc-tion

DIN 68100 Tolerance system for woodworking and wood processing; concepts,series of tolerances, shrinkage andswelling

DIN68122Tongued-and-groovedchamfered boards of coniferous timber

DIN 68123 Weatherboards made ofconiferous timber

DIN 68126-1 Profile boards with chamferand broad root: dimensions

DIN 68126-3 Profile boards with chamferand broad root; grading for white-woodand redwood

DIN 68364 Properties of wood species:density, modulus of elasticity andstrength

DIN 68365 Structural timber for carpentry;quality conditions

DIN 68705-2 Plywood - Part 2; Block-board and laminboard for general use

DIN 68705-3 Plywood; structural plywood

DIN 68705-5 Plywood; structural plywoodmade of beech

DIN 68755 Wood-fibre products for insu-lation of buildings

DIN 68762 Chipboard for special purpo-ses in building construction; concepts,requirements, testing

DIN 68764 Particle boards; extrudedboards for the building; terms, properties,testing, supervision

DIN 68765 Particle boards; decorativelaminated particle boards; terms, require-ments

DIN 68800-1 Protection of timber used inbuildings; general specifications

DIN 68800-2 Protection of limber; preven-tive constructional measures in buildings

DIN 68800-3 Protection of timber; preven-tive chemical protection

DIN 68800-5 Protection of timber used inbuildings; preventive chemical protectionfor wood-based materials

DIN EN 300 Oriented Strand Boards(OSB) - Definitions, classification andspecifications; German version

DIN EN 309 Particleboards; definition andclassification

DIN EN 312 Particleboards - specificati-ons

DIN EN 313 Plywood - classification andterminology

DIN EN 316 Wood fibreboards - defini-tion, classification and symbols

DIN EN 335 Durability of wood and deri-ved materials; definition of hazard classesof biological attack

DIN EN 338 Timber structures - strengthclasses

DIN EN 350 Durability of wood and wood-based products - natural durability ofsolid wood

DIN EN 351 Durability of wood and wood-based products - preservative-treatedsolid wood

DIN EN 384 Structural timber - determina-tion of characteristic values of mechanicalproperties and density

DIN EN 386 Glued laminated timber -performance requirements and minimumproduction requirements

DIN EN 460 Durability of wood and wood-based products - natural durability ofsolid wood - guide to the durabilityrequirements for wood to be used inhazard classes

DIN EN 622 Fibreboards - specifications

DIN EN 633 Cement-bonded particle-boards: definition and classification

DIN EN 634 Cement-bonded particle-boards - specifications

DIN EN 635-1 Plywood - classification bysurface appearance - Part 1: General

DIN EN 636 Plywood - specifications

DIN VENV 1995-1-1 Eurocode 5: designof timber structures; Part 1-1: generalrules and rules for building

DIN V ENV 1995-1-2 Eurocode 5 - designof timber structures-Part 1-2: Generalrules; structural fire design

Guidelines for the application of DIN VENV 1995-1-1 Eurocode 5: design of tim-ber structures; Part 1 - 1 : general rules andrules for buildings

Literature

Arbeitsgemeinschaft Holz e.V.,Informationsdienst Holz,Hol2bau ManualSeries 1: Entwurf und KonstruktionSeries 2: TragwerksplanungSeries 3: BauphysikSeries 4: BaustoffeSeries 6: Ausbau und Trockenbau

BairstowJ.E.N.,Practical & Decorative WoodworkingJoints, 1987

Bayerische Architektenkammer,BaustoffinformationssystemBaustoffe-Umwelt-Gesundheit, 2000

Bayerisches Staatsministeriumdes Inneren - Oberste Baubehorde -Wohnungen in Holzbauweise,Wohnmodelle Bayern Band 2, 1997

Bosshard H.,Holzkunde Band 1 bis 3, 1982

Bund Deutscher Zimmermeister imZentralverband desDeutschen Baugewerbes e.V.,Technik im Zimmererhandwerk, 1997

Bund Deutscher Zimmermeister imZentralverband desDeutschen Baugewerbss e.V.,Holzrahmenbau, 1993

Bund Deutscher Zimmermeister imZentralverband desDeutschen Baugewerbes e.V,,Holzrahmenbau mehrgeschossig, 1996

Detail Review of Architektur,Timber Construction, 1/2000, 5/2002

DIN. Beuth-Komentare Holzschutz,Baulich-Chernisch-Bekampfend,Erlauterungen zu DIN 68800-2,-3,-4

Engel H.,Tragsysteme-Structure Systems, 1967

FinkD., JocherT.,Wohnungen 3-und 4-geschossig in Holzgebaut, 199?

Gerner M.,Handwerkliche Holzverbindungen derZimmerer, 1992

Gockel H.,Konstruktiver Holzschutz,Bauen mit Holz ohne Chemie, 1998

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Graubner W.,Holzverbindungen, 1986

Grosser D.,Die Holzer Mitteleuropas, 1997

Grosser D.,Pflanzliche und tierische Bau- undWerkholz-Schadlinge, 1985

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LeifeB.,Holzschutzmittel im Einsatz, 1992

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Herzog T,, Natterer J., Schweitzer R., VolzM., Winter W.Timber Construction Manual, 2003

Odate T.,Japanese Woodworking Tools: Theirtraditions, spirit and use, 1984

ScholzW., HieseW.,Baustoffkenntnis 14. Auflage, 1999

Schriften des Deutschen Institutsfur Bautechnik (DIBt),Holzschutzmittelverzeichnis, 51. Auflage,1999

Schulz H.,Holzbau, Wande-Decken-Dacher, 1996

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Sell J.,Eigenschaften und KenngroBen von Holz-arten, 1987

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Volland K.,Einblicke in die Bausioffkunde, 1999

The German Ordinance on Energy Saving(EnEV 2002), thermal insulation ordi-nance, the ordinance on energy-savingthermal protection in buildings.

101

AppendixReferences

AppendixReferences

References

Altenloh, Brmck + CoKolnerStraGe 71-77D-582 56 EnnepetalTel. +49/2333/7990Fax. +49/2333/799199p. 72

Ampack Bautechnik GmbHAlte Biberacher SlraBe 5D-88447 WarthausenTel +49/7351/198-10Fax +49/7351/198-50pp. 66, 68, 69

Ania-Holz GmbHIm Inkerfeld 1D-55969 BromskirchenTel. +49/2984/3080Fax. +49/2984/8977p. 35

APA-The Engineered WoodAssociation7011 Souih 19th StreetUS-Tacoma WA 98466Tel: +1/253-565-6600Fax: +1/253-565-7265p. 42

Armstrong DLWAG

Stutigarter StraBe 75

D-74321 Bietigheim-BissingenTel. +49/7142/71-0Fax. +49/7142/71-799p. 67

AURO-NaturfarbenAlie Frankfurter Strafe 211D-38211 BraunschweigTel. +49/531/28141-0Fax. +49/531/28141-62p. 77

AWA GmbH DachbaustoffeMaarstraGe 48D-53227 BonnTel. +49/228/405-0Fax. +49/228/405-309pp. 66, 67

BASF AGD-67056 LudwigshafenTel. +49/621/60-0Fax. +49/621/60-42525pp. 57, 58

Ba u -Barth- H ol z bau e I em e nteZeppelinrmg 7-13D-88969 Owing enTel. +49/7551/9232-0Fax. +49/7551/9232-50p. 37

Bauder Paul GmbH S Co. KGKornlaler LandstraGe 63D-70499 StuttgartTel. +49/711/8807-0Fax. +49/711/8807-300pp. 59, 66, 67,69

Raimund Beck GmbH S Co. KGSiemensstraBe 7-9D-84478 WaldkraiburgTel. +49/3638/957-0Fax. +49/8638/957-180p. 73

Beek'sche FarbwerkeBeeck GmbH S Co. KGBurgauer Sirafie 2D-70567 StuttgartTel. +49/71J/90020-0Fax. +49/711/90020-10P-77

Joh. Friedr. BehrensAGBogen straBe 43-45D-22926 AhrensburgTel. +49/4102/78-0Fax. +49/4102/78-140p. 72

Besin InternationalPostbus 120NL-3850 AC ErmeloTel. +31/341/369836Fax. +31/341/554200p. 64

Bierbach GmbH & Co KGBefestigungstechnikRudolf-Diesel-Strafie 2D-59425 UnnaTel. +49/2303/28O2-0Fax. +49/2303/2802-129pp. 70, 72, 73. 74, 75

Binne 8 Sohn GmbH 8 Co. KGMuhlen straBe 60D-25421 PinnebergTel. +49/4101/5005-0Fax. +49/4101/208037p. 66

Blomberger HolzindustrieB. Hausmann GmbH 8 Co. KGKonigswinkel 2D-32825 BlombergTel. +49/5235/966-0Fax. +49/5235/6851p.42

BMF Bygningsbeslag A/SBoulstrupDK-8300 OdderTel. +45/8781/74-00Fax. +49/8781/74-09pp. 73, 74, 75

BMF-Simpson GmbHBosohstrafie 9D-28857 SykeTel. +49/4242^594-0

Fax. +49/4242/60778pp. 70, 71,73, 75

Georg Borner GmbH & Co. KGHeinnch-Borner-SiraBe 31D-36251 Bad HersfeldTel. +49/6621/175-0Fax. +49/6621/175-200p. 67

Bossard AGSteinhauserstraGe 70CH-6301 ZugTel. +41/41/749966-11Fax. +41/41/749966-22pp. 71,72, 73

Bruynzeel Multipanel

An der Giimpgesbrucke 15D-41564Kaars1Tel. +49/2131/67045Fax.+49/2131/65385p, 42

Bund Deutscher Zimmermeister e.V.Kronenstrafie 55-58D-10117 BerlinTel. +49/30/20314-0Fax. +49/30/20314-560pp. 34, 35, 42

Bundesverband der Gipsindustriee.V.Birkenweg 13D-64295 Darmstadt

Tel. +49/6151/36682-0Fax. +49/6151/36682-22p. 52

Bundesverband DeutscherHolzhandel e.V.Rostocker StraBe 16D-65191 WiesbadenTel. +49/611/5069-12Fax. +49/611/5069-69pp. 34, 35. 42

CFFGmbHSCo KGAmstadter StraBe 2D -98 708 GehranTel. +49/3683/882-0Fax. +49/3683/882-252p. 64

Colfirmit Rajasil GmbH S Co. KGTholauer StraBe 25D-95615MarktredwitzTel. +49/9231/802-0p. 56

Cortex GmbH

Am Schallerseck 32D-90765 Furth

Tel. +49/911/93635-0Fax. +49/911/93635-30p. 56

Council of Forest IndustriesSuite 1501, 700 West Render Street

Pender Place 1, Business BuildingCDN-Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6C1G8Tel.: +1/604/6840211Fax.: +1/604/6874930p.42

CWA Cellulose WerkAngelbachtal GmbHEtzwiesen straBe 12D-74918 AngelbachtalTel. +49/7265/9131-0Fax +49/7265/9131-21p. 64

Danogips GmbHSchisss-Strafie 55D-40549 DusseldorfTel. +49/211/53086-0Fax. +49/211/53086-20p. 52

Eugen Decker Holzindustrie KGHochwald straBe 31D-54497 MorbachTel. +49/6533/73-0Fax. +49/6533/73-111p. 35

Deutsche Gesellschaft furHolzforschung e.V. DGfHBayerstraGe 57-59D-80335 MunchenTel. +49/89/516170-0Fax. +49/89/531657p. 36

Deutsche Herakliih GmbHHeraklithstralJe 8D -84359 Simbach/lnnTel. +49/8571/40-0Fax. +49/8571/40-261pp. 60,61,62,66,68

Deutsche RockwoolMineralwoll GmbH S Co. OHGRockwoolstraGe 37-41D-45966 GladbeckTel. +49/2043/408-0Fax. +49/2043/408-444p. 60, 66, 69

DIB Potthast GmbHSonnenhang 33D-51570 Windeck-Schladern

Tel. +49/2292/2426Fax. +49/2292/2155pp. 66, 69

DOBRY Dammsysieme GmbHDauner StraBe 23D-54552 DockweilerTel. +49/6595/90093-0Fax. +49/6595/90093-93p, 64

Dorken GmbH & Co. KGWetterstraBe 58D-58313 HerdeckeTel. +49/2330/63-0Fax. +49/2330/63-355pp. 66, 68, 69

Dold Holzwerke GmbHTalstraBe 9D-79256 BuChenbachTel. +49/7661/3964-0Fax. +49/7661/3964-119pp. 41,42

European Federation of Timber

Construction2 Circuit de la Foire InternationaleLuxembourg - KirchbergPB1604LU-1016Luxembourg

Tel.: +352/424511 1Fax.:+352/424525

Fritz Doppelmayer GmbHAm Petzenbuhl 3D -87439 KemptenTel. +49/831/59219-0Fax. +49/831/59219-29p. 61

DOW Deutschland Inc.Am Kronberger Hang 4D-65824 SchwalbachTel. +49/6136/566-0Fax. +49/6196/566-444p. 58

Eleco Bauprodukte GmbHErdingar StraGe 82 aD-85356 FreisingTel. +49/8161/8796-0Fax. +49/8131/8796-33p. 73

Emfa Baustoff GmbHStockerweg 10D-89331 BurgauTel. +49/8222/9662-0Fax. +49/8222/9662-80pp.54, 55, 56,62, 63,66

EPF European Panel FederationAllee Hof-ter-Vleest 5 Box 5B-1070 BrusselsTel. +32/2/55625-89Fax +32/2/55625-94p. 47

Eternit AGErnst-Reuter-Platz 8D-10908 BerlinTel. +4&30734 85-0Fax. +49/30/34 85-319pp. 50, 51

EZO Isolierstoffe GmbHLadestrafte 1D-37249 Neu-Ei Chen bergTel. +49/5542/2017Fax. +49/5542/72159p. 63

Falke GameKutscherweg 1D-57392 SchmallenbergTel. +49/2972/307-0Fax. +49/2972/307-323p. 61

Fels-Werke GmbHGeheimrat-Ebert-StraGe 12D-38640 GoslarTel: +49/5321/703-0

Fax: +49/5321/703-321

pp. 52, 53

Fi brol ith -DammstoffeWilms GmbHHannebacher StraGe 1D-56746 KempenichTel. +49/2655/9592-0Fax. +49/2655/9592-18p. 65

Holzwerk Ambros FichtnerTegernseer Weg 15D-83727 SchlierseeTel. +49/8026/9405-0Fax. +49/8026/6512p. 35

Finnforest Deutschland GmbHLouis-Krages-StraBe 30D-28237 BremenTel. +49/421/6911-0Fax. +49/421/6911-100pp. 42, 43

Flachshaus GmbHPritzwalker StraBe 1D-16928GiesensdorfTel. +49/3395/700796Fax. +49/3395/301925p. 62

Fulgurit Baustoffe GmbHPostf ach 1208D-31513WunstorfTel. +49/5031/51-0Fax. +49/5031/51-203pp 50, 51

Getinex-Jackon Vertriebs GmbH

Carl-Benz-Strafle 8D-33803 SteinhagenTel. +49/5204/1000-0Fax. +49/5204/1000-59p. 58

GH-Baubeschlage Hartmann GmbH

HintermSchloG8-10D-32549 Bad OeynhausenTel. +49/5731/7580-0Fax. +49/5731/7580-90

pp. 73, 74, 75

Glunz AGGrecostraBe 1D-49716MeppenTel. +49/5931/405-0Fax. +49/5931/405-209pp. 40, 42, 46, 48, 50. 54

Holzwerke Gmach GmbHMuhlbachstraGe 1D-93483 PosingTel. +49/9461/403-0Fax. +49/9461/403-33p. 41

Grossmann Bau GmbH & Co. KGAuGere Munchner Strafie 20D-83026 RosenheimTel. +49/6031/4401-0Fax. +49/8031/4401-99p. 36 i

G utesc h utzg erne i nschaft

Sperrholz e.V.

WilhelmstraBe 25D-35392 GieBenTel. +49/641/97547-0Fax. +49*11/97547-99

p.42

Gilte- und Informationsgemeinsctiaftder Nagelplattenverwender e.V.GartenstraBe 6D-37181 HardegsenTel. +49/180/5446675p. 62

Gutex Holzfaserplattenwerk

H. Henselmann GmbH & Co. KGGutenburg 5D-79761 Wa Ids hut-Tien genTel. +49/7741/6099-0Fax. +49/7741/6099-57pp. 47. 54, 55

Gyproc GmbHScheifenkamp 160-40878 RatingenTel, +4&2102/476-0Fax. +49/2102/476-100p. 52

Haas Fertigbau GmbHIndustriestraRe 8D-84326 FalkenbergTel. +49/8727/18-0Fax. +49/8727/18-593pp. 36, 41

Hanno-Werk GmbH 8 Co. KGHanno-Ring 5D-30880 LaatzenTel. +49/5102/7000-0Fax. +49/5102/7000-10p. 78

Haubold-Kihlberg ABIndustrigatan 37S-54422 HjoTel. +46/503/328-00

Fax. +46/503/328-01

p. 72

HALJSprofi Bausysteme GmbHRudolf-Diesel-StraBe 12D-72250 Freud enstadtTel. +49/7441/866-0Fax. +49/7441/84551p. 72

Anton Heggenstaller AGMuhlenstraBe 7D-86556 UnterbernbachTel. +49/8257/81-0Fax. +49/8257/81-170p. 35

F Aug. Henjes GmbH 8 Co.An der Autobahn 46D-2 887 6 OytenTel. +49/4207/698-0Fax. +49/4207/698-40p. 56

Henkel BaufolienAm Rosen garten 5D-63607 Wachtersbach-NeudorfTel. +49/6053/708-0Fax. +49/6053/708-130

pp. 66, 87

Henkel Bautechnik GmbHErkrather StraGe 230D-40233 DusseldorfTel. +49/211/7379-0Fax. +49/211/7379-304p. 78

Henkel Teroson GmbHHenkel Teroson StraBe 57D-69123 HeidelbergTel. +49/6221/704-0Fax.+49/6221/704-698p. 78

102103

AppendixReferences

AppendixReferences

Hess Holzleimbau-TechnologieGmbH & Co. KGPostfach 1460D-63884 Mi Hen bergTel. +49/9371/4003-0Fax. +49/9371/4003-45pp. 35, 43, 44

Hess Co. AGSperrholzfabnk Toni AckermannCH-5312D6ttingenTel. +41/56/2687505Fax. +41/56/2454576p. 42

Hock Vertriebs-GmbH 8 Co. KGIndustriesiraBe 7D-76297 Stutensee-SpockTel. +49/7294/9471-0Fax. +49/7294/9471-25p. 62

Homatherm GmbH & Co. KGAhorrtweg 1D-06536 Berg aTel. +49/3465/1416-0Fax. +49/3465/1416-39p. 64

Hornitex WerkeGebr. Kunnemeyer GmbH S Co KGBahnhofstraRe 57D-32805 Horn-MeinbergTel. +49/5234/848-00Fax. +49/5234/848-202pp. 40. 48, 47

Hiister-Holz GmbH S Co. KGInnerweg 15D-59581 WarsieinTel. +49/2902/9798-0Fax. +49/2902/9798-99p. 35

ICI Paints Deco GmbHItterpark 2-4D-40724 HildenTel. +49/2103/2058-00Fax. +49/2103/2058-63p. 77

Illbruck Bautechnik GmbHBurse heid er StraBe 454D-51381 LeverkusenTel. +49/2171/391-0Fax. +49/2171/391-586p. 78

Industrieverband Bitumen-Dach- u.Dichtungsbahnen e.V. (VDD)Karlstraf)e21D-60329 Frankfurt/MTel. +49/69/2556-1314Fax. +49/69/2556-1602p. 65

Industrieverband Hartschaum e.V.Kurpfalznng 100aD-69123 HeidelbergTel. +49/6221/776071Fax. +49/6221/775106pp.57, 58, 59

Isofloc Warmedammtecnmk GmbHAm FieselerWerk 3D-34253 LohfeldenTel. +49/561/95172-0Fax. +49/561/95172-95pp. 55, 64

ITW Paslode BefesligungssystemeGmbH, Paslode & Duo-FastGutenbergstrafie 4D-91522 AnsbachTel. +49/981/9509-0Fax.+49/981/9509-175p. 72

Janssen Holzbau GmbH & Co. KGBalinhoistralte 93D-49753 WerlteTel. +49/5951/9566-0Fax. +49/5951/9566-66p. 37

Joma-Dammstoffwerk GmbHJomaplatz 1D-87752 HolzgiinzTel. +49/8393/78-0Fax, +49/8393/78-15p. 65

Kaufmann Holz AGVorderreuthe 57A-6970 ReutheTel. +43/5574/804-0Fax. +43/5574/804-201pp. 36, 37, 41

Kaufmann Leimliolz GmbHG uteri berg straBe 7D-86399 BobingenTel. +49/8234/9610-0Fax. +49/8234/8572p. 36

Kaufmann Massivholz GmbHMax-Eyth-StraBe 25-27D-89613 OberstadionTel. +49/7357/921346Fax. +49/7357/921101p. 37

KAWO-DichtstoffeKarl WolpersBavenstedter StraBe 73D-31135HildesheimTel. +49/5121/7619-0Fax. +49/5121/7619-29p. 78

Johann Kirchhoff GmbH S Co. KGBahnhofstraBe 13D-57413 FinnentropTel. +49/2395/9191-0Fax.+49/2395/9191-40p. 35

KI6ber GmbH SCO. KGScharpenberger Strafe 72-90D-58256 EnnepetalTel. +49/2333/9877-0Fax. +49/2333/9877-199pp.61, 66, 68

Knaui Alcopor GmbHIdsteinerStralteSID-65232 TaunussteinTel. +49/612&9752-0Fax. +49/6128/9752-22p. 60

Knauf Gips KGAm Bahnho! 7D-97346lphofenTel. +49/9323/31-0Fax. +49/9323/31-277•.52r

Knauf Perlite GmbHKipperstrafie 19D-44147 DortmundTel. +49/231/9980-01Fax. +49/231/9980-138p. 65

Kobjs Industrieholz- undMoniagebau GmbHEinharting 12D-83567 UnterreitTel. +49/8638/9870-0Fax. +49/8638/9870-97p. 37

Kbster Bauchemie AGDieselstraBe3-10D-26607 AurichTel. +49/4941/9709-0Fax. +49/4941/9709-40pp. 66, 69

Kronospan Luxembourg S A.B. P. 109LU-4902 Sanem, LuxembourgTel. +352/590311-1Fax. +352/590311-500p. 42

KunzGmbH & Co.Im Biihlfeld 1D-74417GschwendTel, +49/7972/690Fax. +49/7972/808pp. 48, 47

La large Dachsysteme GmbHFrankfurter LandstraBe 2-4D-61440 OberurselTel. +49/6171/61-001Fax.+49*171/61-2300pp. 66, 67, 69

Lafarge Gips GmbHFrankfurter Landstrafte 2-4D-61440 OberurselTel. +49/6171/61-020Fax. +49/6171/61-3999p. 52

LecaA/SRandersvej 75DK-8900 RandersTel. +45/87/610201Fax. +45/87/610205p. 65

Leinos-Naturfarben GmbHWeilenburgsfraBe 29D-42579 HeiligenriausTel. +49/2056/9326-0Fax. +49/2956/9326-25P-77

LiaporGmbH & Co. KGIndustnes1ra(3e 2D-91352 Hallerndorf-PautzfeldTel. +49/9545/448-0Fax. +49/9545/448-80p. 65

LignumHolzwirtschaft SchweizFalkenstrafie 26CH-8008 ZurichTel. +41/1/26747-77Fax. +41/1/26747-78pp. 34, 38. 42

Lindner Holding KGaABahnhofstraBe 29D-94424 ArnstorfTel. +49/8723/20-0Fax.+49/8723/20-2147pp. 52, 53

Livos PflanzenchemieGmbH 8 Co. KGAuengrund 10D-29568 WierenTel. +49/5825/88-0Fax. +49/5825/88-60p. 77

Maier Holzbau GmbH & CoTussenhauser StralBe 30D-86842 TurkheimTel. +49/8245/9698-0Fax. +49/8245/9698-20p. 36

Merk Holzbau GmbH & Co. KGIndusiriestrafie 2D-86551 AiohachTel. +49/8251/908-0Fax. +49/8251/6005pp. 36, 43, 44

Merkle Holz GmbHS1raBerWeg24D-89278 Nersingen-OberfahlheimTel. +49/7308/9646-0Fax. +49/7308/9646-46p. 35

MiTek Industries GmbHDeutz-Kalker-StraBe 1D-50679 KblnTel. +49/1805/37620-0Fax. +49/1805/37620-1p. 73

Moll Bauokologische ProdukteGmbHBheinlalstraBe 35-43D-68723 SchwetzingenTel. +49/6202/2782-0Fax. +49/6202/2782-21pp. 66, 68

Nexfor Inc.Suite 500 , 1 Toronto StreetCDN-Toronto, OntarioM5C 2W4Tel. +1/416/64388-20Fax. +1/416/64388-27p. 42

Odenwald Faserplattenwerk GmbHDr. -F. A. -Freundt-Stralie 3D-63916AmorbachTel. +49/9373/201-0Fax. +49/9373/201-130p. 47

Otto-Graf-Institut (FMPA) derUniversitat StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 4D-70569 StuttgartTel. +49/711/685-3323Fax. +49/711/685-6820p. 36

Pavatex GmbHWangener StraBe 58D-88299 LeutkirchTel +49/7561/9855-0Fax.+49/7561/9855-50p. 47, 54, 55, 62PPfleiderer Holzwerkstoffe GmbH &Co. KGPostfach 2760D-597 53 ArnsbergTel. +49/2932/302-0Fax. +49/2932/302-341pp. 40. 48, 60

Phoenix AGHannoversche StraBe 88D-21079 HamburgTel. +49/40/7667-01Fax. +49/40/7667-2211p. 67

PIGROL Farben GmbHHospitalstraBe 39/71D-91522 AnsbachTel. +49/981/6506-0Fax.+49/981/6506-59p. 77

Probstl Holzwerke GmbHAm Bahnhof 6D-86925 Fuchstal/AschTel. +49/8243/9691-0Fax. +49/8243/2613p. 41

Proholz Holz informationUraniastrasse 4A-1010ViennaTel. +43/1/7120474-0Fax.+43/1/7131018pp. 34, 42

Puren Schaumstoff GmbHRengolclshauser StraBe 4D-88662 OberlingenTel. +49/7551/8099-0Fax. +49/7551/B099-20p. 59

RCH Fluorchemie GmbHHauptstralie 35D-50126BergheimTel. +49/2271/451-61Fax. +49/2271/451-58p. 77

Reich Karl M.Verbindungstectinik GmbHKisslingstraBe 1D-72622 NurtingenTel. +49/7022/71-0Fax. +49/7022/71-233p. 72

Remmers Bauatofftechnik GmbHBern hard -Remmers-Stralte 13D-49624 LoningenTel. +49/5432/83-0Fax. +49/5432/3985p. 77

Rettenmeier Holz IndustrieGmbH & Co. KGIndustnestraBe 1D-91634 WilburgstettenTel. +49/9853/338-0Fax. +49/985^338-100p. 35

Rigips GmbHSchanzenstrafSe 84D-40549 DiisseldorfTel. +49/211/5503-0Fax.+49/211/5503-208pp. 52, 53

Rothel GmbH 8 Co. KGOdersfraBe 74D-24539 NeumunsterTel. +49/4321/9992-0Fax, +49/4321/9992-33pp. 63, 56, 66

Rosenauer Holzverarbeitung GmbHRosenau 48A-4581 HengspaBTel. +43/7566/241-0Fax. +43/75667241 -37p. 42

Rougier SA155, avenue de la RochelleBP 8826F-79028 Niort Cedex 09Tel. +33/549/7720-30Fax. +33/549/7720-40p. 42

ROWA F. RothmundGmbH 8 Co. KGEisensohmiede 20D-73432 Aalen-UnterkochenTel. +49/7361/9872-0Fax. +49/7361/9872-52p 61

SaarGummi GmbHEisenbahnstraBe 24D-66687 Wadern-BuschfeldTel. +49/6874/69-0Fax. +49/6874/69-248p. 67

Samt-Gobain Isover G + H AGBurgermeister-Griinzweig-Stra(!e 1D-67059 LudwigshafenTel. +49/621/501-0Fax.+49/621/501-988pp 60, 62. 66. 68, 69

Sauerlander SpanplattenGmbH & Co. KGZur Schefferei 12D-59821 ArnsbergTel. +49/2931/876-0Fax.+49/2931/876-118p. 49

Holz Schmidt GmbHZum Flugplatz 8D-35091 Colbe-SchonstadtTel. +49/6427/9220-0Fax. +49/6427/9220-30p. 35

Schollmayer Holz GmbHHauptstraBe 173D-55246 Mainz-KostheimTel. +49/6134/1811-0Fax. +49/B134/24952p. 35

Schwenk DammtechnikGmbH S Co. KGIsoiexstraBe 1D-86899 LandsbergTel, +49/8191/127-0Fax. +49/8191/32954p 57

Sika Chemie GmbHKornwestheimer StraBe 103-107D-70439 StuttgartTel. +49/711/8009-0Fax. +49/711/8009-321p. 78

Stamoid AGBeschichtungswerkWaste rkinger WegCH-8193 EglisauTel. +41/18682626Fax.+41/18682727pp. 66, 68

Stanley Bostitch110 Walker DriveCDN-Brampton, Ontario L6T 46HTel. +1/800/5677705 .p. 72

Stattbauhof GmbHMarkgrafendamm 16 "D-10245 BerlinTel. +49/30/29394-0Fax.+49/30/29394-104pp. 64, 62

STEICO AGHans-Riedel-Stralte21D-85622 FeldkirchenTel. +49/89^91551-0Fax. +49/89/991551-99p. 54

Studiengemeinschaft Hoizleimbaue.V.Gutegemeinschaft Hoizleimbau e.V.Elfriede-Stremmel-SiraBe 69D-42369 WuppertalTel. +49/202^7835-81Fax. +49/202/97835-79p. 42

Matthaus Sturm GmbHHolzverarbeitungEselsburger SiraBe 17D-89542 HerbrechtingenTel. +49/7324/953-0Fax. +49/7324/953-100p. 35

104 105

AppendixReferences

AppendixSubject Index

TS Teutoburger Spetrholz GmbHPivrtsheider StraBe 22

D-3 2 758 DetmoldTel. +49/5232/981-00Fax. +49/5232/981-999p. 42

Thermal Ceramics DeutschlandGmbH & Co. KGBorsigstrafle 4-6D-21465ReinbekTel. +49/40/72709-100Fax. +49/40/72709-5100p. 65

ThermowoH Dammstoffe GmbHHoheimer StraGe 1

D-97318 KitzingenTel. +49/9321/322-01Fax. +49/9321/322-06p. 61

Ttiuringer Dammstoffwerke GmbHAm Schlossberg 3D-99438 Bad Berka

Tel. +49/36458/37-0Fax. +49/36458/37-198p. 60

TreuHanf AGAm Treptower Park 30D-12435 BerlinTel. +49/30/5369915-3Fax. +49/30/5369915-4p. 62

Trus JoistBehringstraDe 10D-82152PlaneggTel. +49/89/8550-96Fax. +49/89/8550-886

pp. 43, 44, 45

UPM-Kymmene Wood GmbHPostfach 105728D-20039 HamburgTel. +49/40/248446-0Fax. +49/40/248446-10p. 42

0 b erwach u ng s geme i n so haftKonstruktionsvollholz e. V.Postfach 6128D-65051 WiesbadenTel. +49/611/97706-0Fax +49/611/97706-22p. 35

Vedag AGFlinschstraf3e 10-16D-60388 Frankfurt/MainTel. +49/69/4084-0Fax. +49/69/4258-24pp. 66, 67

Verband der DeutschenHolzwerkstoffindustrie VHI e.V.Ursulum 18

D-35396 GietenTal. +49/641/97547-0Fax. +49/641/97547-99pp. 42, 46

Westag 8 Getalit AGHellweg 15D-33378 Rheda-WiedenbruckTel. +49/5242/17-2000Fax, +49/5242/17-72000p. 42

WIKA Isolier- und DammtechnikGmbHBischof-Neumann-Strafie 23aD-85051 IngolstadlTel. +49/8450/937-0Fax.+49/8450/1647PD 66,68.69

Wilhelmi Weike AGDr. Hans-Wilhelmi-Weg 1D-35633 LahnauTel. +49/6441/601-0Fax. +49/6441/63439p. 47

Holzwerka Wimmer GmbHMax-Breiherr-SiraBe 20D-84347 PfarrkprchenTel. +49/8561/3005-0Fax. +49/8561/3005-55p. 35

Johann Wolf GmbH 8 Co.Systembau KGAm Siacltwald 20D-94486 OsierhofenTel. +49/9932/37-0Fax, +49/9932/2893p. 73

Dr. Wolmann GmbHDr.-Wolmann-StraBe 31-33D-76547 SinzheimTel. +49/7221/800-0Fax. +49/7221/800-290p. 77

Adolf Wurth GmbH S Co. KGReinhold-Wurth-StralBe 12-17D-74653 Kunzelsau-GaisbachTel. +49/7940/15-0Fax. +49/7940/15-1000p. 72

Ulrioh Zeh GmbH 8 Co. KGHolz- und LeimbauObersteig 2D-88167 Maierhofen/AllgauTel. +49/8383/92051-0Fax. +49/8383/92051-99p. 36

Lolhar Zipse KorkverlriebTullasiraBe 26D-79341 KenzingenTel. +49/7644/9119-0Fax. +49/7644/9119-34pp. 56, 63

Subject Index

airborne-sound insulationairtightanchors ' 70,anchor boltsanchor nailsangle connectorsangle sealed with tapeanimal pestsbackfill insulationbeam hangersbeam supportsbitumen sheetingbiluminated wood fibresbituminated fibreboardsblockboard and laminated boardblower door testboards/planksboard mater iaisboltbuilding boardsBulldog dowelsbutt jointcanvas bandscavity flockscavity insulationcavity fillcellulosecellulose flakescemented chipboardcentre distanceceramic tileschemical wood preservative 12,

106

chimney liningschipboardcoat of paintcoconutcoconut fibrecoconut insulating matscoconut rolled feltingcoconut wall panelscoarse gravel stripscomposite elementscomposite constructioncomposite boardcomposite materialsconiferous woodconnecting platescontinuous footingconverted building timbercore insulationcore plywoodcore-stripe blockboardcorkcork stripcornercorner designcorrosion stainscorrugated sheet roofingcotton woolcounter battens

24

13

15,2714, 1871,75

22737431763174756755554066382371

51-5370187462636564

23,64242318

16,42,76, 77

65, 46, 49

1313, 63

, 23, 636363631254375360

34,504325

34,3560,65

40405615313118286129

cover stripscross-rafterscross-band veneerdamp-proofingwood from deciduous treesdiaphragm actiondimensional tolerancesdraught-proofing

17,drainagedry rotdry screed boarddry wall screwsdoorframedoor revealdowel"dry" construction methoddry screed 15,eaves flashingedge beamedge of ceilingedge rafterenergy savingequalising unevennessexpandable polystyreneexpanded micaexpansion jointexterior boardingexterior cornerexterior liningexteriorwall 12,

18,22exterior wall elementsexternal claddingextruded particle boardsextruded polystyreneface veneerfacing panelsfacing shellfasciafibrated concrete slabfibreboardfibre cement boardfibre-reinforced cement boardfibrous insulating materialfire resistancefire resistance classfire protection plasterboardfive-ply panelflakesflat connectorflat-pressed boardsflat roofsflat steel anchorsflaxfloating foundationfloorboardsfloor coveringfloor constructionflooringfloor beneath roof void

3028, 29

4022, 67

342613

12, 14, 16,18, 19,27

2876

15,27,5272

15, 2715

22, 25, 7024

24, 27, 5228171417

14, 66255723

19,31171812

14, 16, 17,,24,31,66

233849584030632824

29,4712, 22, 51

501231195241127448

57, 6570622215502415

16, 17

31,

floor structurefoundationsfrost blanket gravelfurniture constructionfungigable areagable wallGEKA dowelsglass fibreglazeglued laminated timber 26,glued laminated beams 26,glulam pillar supportgradinggranulatesgreygroove nailsgutter bracketgypsum baseboardgypsum fibreboard 18,gypsum plasterboardhardwoodhazard classesheavy-duty bolthempheat losshigh-expansion cement mortarhorizontal railsHR-foamhumid roomshumidityimpact-sound insulation

in situ foaminsectsinsulating boardinsulating materials 14insulation valueintegral connectorsinterior lininginterior wallinterior wall elementsjoint sealing tapejoints and fastenersjoistsjoist hangerslaminated construction boardlaminated strand lumberlintel beamload-bearing lathingloose fillmachine nailsmanufactured wood productsmanufacturersmatched fibreboardsmaterial classmineral wool/fibremoisturemulti-ply boardsnailsnail plates

28, 31,28,31,

15, 19,2724, 25

2240, 47

761717706713363775345613731652

23, 24, 5352

34, 40, 7022,7612, 13

6212

12,22,2513

57, 5923

53,5715,24,54,57, 60, 67

5976

12,56, 19, 54-65

237513

15, 25, 2723

14,7838, 70-75

14-1614424515381573

40-50104-108

3941,44-4819,26,60

12,2547

18,7373

107

AppendixSubject Index

AppendixIndex of projects

non-press ing water 67Ordinance on Energy Saving 14,Oriented Strand Board fOSB) 13, 46overlapping vertical weatherboard ing

17, 18, 19panelling 13, 22, 23,42,49paper 28parallel laminated veneer 43Parallel Strand Lumber (PSL) 44party wall 19patinated wood species 13perimeter insulation 12, 58PE-foil 24,67perforated steel strips 74perlite 65pillar bases 75pillar bracket 75planking 18. 19.41planks 38plasterboard 18, 22, 23, 24, 31, 52, 57. 72plastic 26plastic sheeting 28. 67plywood 13,16,22,25,28,30plywood panels 30polymeric bitumen sheet 25polyurethane HR-foam 59polyurethane in-situ foam 59polystyrene particles 57post holder 75posts 12,17products 33-78profile anchors 75profile boards 39protective layers 13, 29protective measures 30purlin anchors 75ragbolt 12rafter arrangement 17rafter foot joints 75rafter holders 75rafter nails 73rafter spacing 16rafter-supporting purlins 28Rafter-to-purlin connectors 75rail 14rectangular wooden dowels 70resistance class 12, 42ridge nails 73roof boarding 16, 17roof covering 16roof edge 17roof members 29roof overhang 16, 30roof panels 41,43roof void 17rotary cut veneers 40"sand honeycombs" 27sandwich constructions 54, 57screws 18, 30, 72sealing material 25, 26"secondary" meltwater 28

self-piercing screwsseparation layerservice linesservices shaftshadow gapshear pinssheathingsheathing paperssheep's woolsheet bay widthsheet flooringsheeting

sheet-metal coveringsheet steel bracketsshrinkage ratiosillskirting boardssoftboardsoftwoodsole platesolid door framesolid woodsound insulation

spanspecial nailssplit ring connectorspring shacklesstairsstandardsstaplesstone boltstorage capacitystructural solid woodstructural woodstyroporsubsoilsubstructuresupport gridsuspended supportsswelling claytensionthermal bridgethermal insulation

731619

18. 19.27307116

66-6926,61

1715

28, 66, 67, 68, 6916

74,7523

13,221312

23, 34-412215

34, 35, 3615, 19, 23, 31, 60,

61,63,671873703140

10072252935

34,765767

18,29,301675651829

12, 16.22,24,28,29.31,57.60,62

thermal protection in summer 29threshold 15track anchors 75three-ply panel 41timber 34-39tingles 28tolerances 12, 13,26tongued-and-grooved floor covering 15upper headpiece 26vapour retarding layer 13, 14, 16, 17,

18, 19, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 31,66vapour barrier 25, 66vegetable pests 76ventilation 12, 13, 19, 66ventilated roof 17

wall elementsweather boardingweatherboardsweather protectionweather protective layerwindowswindow framewire nailswooden house construction 35.wood fibrewoodfibreboardswood preservativewood preservationwood preservation by designwood tickswooden sill plateZ-profile

22, 23, 2617, 18, 19

14,3950, 52

1318, 2614,26

7341. 47. 52

5447, 54, 5512, 42, 76

7676761274

verge 17

Index of projects

page 81Temporary Bank in NurembergClient:

Hypo-Vereinsbank, MunichArchitects:ami architekturwerkstattMatthias Loebermann, Nuremberg

Associates:Werner Feldmeier, Eric Alles

page 82Weekend House in VallemaggiaClient:

Roberto Briccola, GiubiascoArchitect:

Roberto Briccola, GiubiascoStructural planning:

Flavio Bonalumi, Giubiasco

page 84House near Bad TolzClient.

privateArchitects:

Fink + Jocher, MunichDietrich Fink, MunichThomas Jocher, Munich

Associates:Nicole Hernminger, Thomas Pfeiffer

Structural planning:Toni Staudacher. Tegernsee

page 86Church Community Centreand Youth Centre in LentingClient:

Pfarrgerneinde St. IMikolaus, LentingArchitects:

Meek Koppel Architekten, MunichAndreas Meek, MunichStefan Koppel, Munich

Associates:Werner Schad. Eva Maria Krebs,Susanne Frank, Peter Fretschner

Structural planning:Ingenieurburo H. L. Haushofer,Markt Schwaben

page 88Housing Development in TrofaiachClient:GIWOG-Gemeinnutzige IndustrieWohnungs GmbH, Linz

Architect:Hubert Riess, Graz

Associate:Christoph Platzer

Structural planning:Rudolf Prein, Leoben

page 90Lakeside Bathing Facilities in Zug,SwitzerlandClient:

Einwohnergemeinde ZugArchitect:

Alfred Krahenbuhl, ZugAssociate:

Reto Keller, Construction managerStructural planning:

Ernst Moos AG, ZugXaver Keiser Zimmerei Zug AG

page 92School Building in St Peter,SwitzerlandClient:Politische Gemeinde St. Peter,Graubunden

Architect:Conradin Clavuot, Ctiur

Associates:Claudia Clavuot-Merz, Norbert Mathis,Alex Jdrg, Paula Deplazes

Structural planning:Jurg Conzett, Chur

page 94Media Library in the Cantonal Schoolin KiisnachtClient:

Baudirektion Kanton Zurich,Hochbauamt, Zurich

Architects:Betrix & Consolascio mil Eric Maier,Erlenbach

Project management:Yves Milani

Supervision:Ghisleni Bauleitung GmbH, CH-Jona

Structural planning:Bauingenieur Walt + Galmarini AG, Zurich

page 96Parquet Showrooms in LindauClient:

Hartl-Parkett-GmbH. LindauArchitect:

Karl Theodor Keller. MunichStructural planning:

Dr. GernotPittioni, Munich

108 109

AppendixPicture Credits

Picture credits

p. 7:Kazunori Hiruta. Tokyopp. 34-36, 40, 42-48, 50, 52-55:ARGE Holz, Dusseldorfp. 37:Kaufmann Massivholz GmbH, Oberstadionpp. 38, 41,51,62, 63:Friedemann Zeitler, Penzbergp. 39:Michael Weinig AGp. 49:Sauerlander Spanplatten GmbH & Co. KGpp. 56-61,64,65:Frank Kaltenbach, Munichpp. 79, 86, 87:Michael Heinrich, Munichp. 81:Oliver Schuster, Stuttgartpp. 82, 83:Friedrich Busam/Architekturphoto,Dusseldorfpp. 84, 85:Thomas Jocher, Munichpp. 88, 89:Damir Fabijanic, Zagrebpp.90, 91:Guido Baselgia, Baarpp. 92, 93:Ralph Feiner, Malansp. 94:Thomas Jantscher, Colombierp. 95:Jan Schabert, Munichp. 96 top;Johanna Reichel-Vossen, Munichp. 96 bottom:Karl Theodor Keller, Munich

Photos without credits are from thearchitects' own archives or those ofDETAIL Review of Architecture. Despiteintense efforts we are unable to identifythe copyright holders of certain photosand illustrations. The rights remain unaf-fected, however, and we request thecopyright holders to contact us.

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