archaeological desk-based assessment peto’s and …...archaeological desk-based assessment...

`

Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

Peto’s and Share MarshesCarlton Colville

Prepared for

Suffolk Wildlife Trust

Heather WallisMarch 2017

HW Report No. 208

HW Report No. 208 1

Project name Peto’s and Share Marshes

Client Suffolk Wildlife Trust

Grid reference TM 501 292 (centre)

Date of research February-March 2017

IntroductionSuffolk Wildlife Trust (The Trust) are proposing to undertake works on Peto’sMarsh and Share Marshes, in the parish of Carlton Colville (Fig. 1). The areaunder consideration lay on the south bank of the River Waveney, to the west ofCarlton Colville and Oulton Broad. The Trust already own and managesignificant parts of the marshes in this area and are proposing to enlarge andenhance the present wildlife habitat.

This desk-based assessment aims to identify all known historical assets withinthe development areas and its immediate surroundings. It will also assess thepossibility of discovering as yet unknown archaeological assets. The results ofthis assessment will be taken into consideration as detailed plans for the wildlifehabitat are prepared.

The Study AreaThe study area consists of the parcels of land which are to be modified toimprove wildlife habitats. Adjacent lands which are currently managed by TheTrust, and are not subject to development are excluded from this study.

The area under consideration has been divided into 5 areas, Peto’s Marsh,Share Marsh West, Share Marsh East, Share Marsh South and Railway Land(Fig. 2). Peto’s Marsh occupied a peninsular of land bordered on its west by theRiver Waveney and it’s east by Oulton Dyke. The Share Marshes lay to thesouth of this, while the Railway Land occupies a small are to the south-east ofShare Marshes with the Lowestoft to Beccles railway forming its south-easternborder.

All of this area lay in the modern parish of Carlton Colville, although until thelatter years of the 20th century Peto’s Marsh was within the parish of Oulton.

Topography and Geology(http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html)The area is sandwiched between the River Waveney and the rising land to theeast which separates the Waveney Valley from the North Sea. As is the casefor many of the eastern rivers in this part of the country the area adjacent to the

Peto’s and Share Marshes

HW Report No. 208 2

river is flat and low-lying, at or below 0m OD. Parts of this area is divided bydykes and low banks. Earthwork banks are present alongside the RiverWaveney and Oulton Dyke where they form flood defences. The only part ofthe development area which does not lie on the marshes is the Railway Landwhich lay on the foot of the low rising land to the east, albeit this is still below5mOD.

The underlying solid geology of the area is Crag Group Sand. This sedimentarybedrock was formed between 0 and 5 million years ago in an environmentdominated by shallow seas.

The superficial geology of this part of the Waveney Valley is Breydon FormationClay and Silt; a deposit formed within a shoreline environment. This isdominated by unconsolidated silt and clay with a shelly marine fauna. Localisedsubstantial sand bodies can be present and peat is also a major component ofthis formation. Peat deposits generally lay on the margins of this formation withoccasional other pockets being present.

Within the development area the vast majority of the area is covered in silt andclay although peat is present to the south-west between Share Marsh East andRailway Land. Aldeby Sand and Gravel member and Lowestoft FormationDiamicton are both present in Railway Land. The former is a till with outwashsand and gravel which was deposited during cold periods within the Ice Agewhile the latter is a chalky till deposited by post-glaciation meltwaters.

Sources for Desktop Assessment

Suffolk Historic Environment RecordA search of Suffolk Historic Environment Record was commissioned coveringthe area of the proposed works. This returned 40 monuments, five listedbuildings, five event records and one Portable Antiquities Scheme record(Appendix 1). Some of the records overlap, four of the event records relate toMonuments, the fifth being a site where no archaeology was found, one of thelisted buildings is also classified as a monument.

Aerial PhotographsAerial photograph mapping of the study area had been undertaken as part ofthe National Mapping Programme. Sites identified through this project arerecorded on the Suffolk Historic Environment Record and are therefore includedin records retrieved by the search of that database. The historic photographyavailable on Google Earth was also reviewed.


HW Report No. 208 3

Suffolk Record OfficeThe on-line catalogue for the Suffolk Record Office is available through theNational Archives. This was searched for the terms Carlton Colville, Oulton,Waveney and Beccles to Lowestoft Railway. Many results were returned andstaff at the Suffolk Record Office were consulted to identify the records whichincluded maps or plans of the area. Documents were viewed at both theLowestoft and Ipswich Branches of the Suffolk Record Office (SRO).

Norfolk Record OfficeAs the area under consideration lay within the jurisdiction of the Dean andChapter of Norwich Cathedral several records covering this area are held in theNorfolk Record Office (NRO). The catalogue of the NRO was searched formaps of the area. A visit was made to the Archive Centre, Norwich to view theseitems.

Other printed sourcesOther sources include Hodskinson’s Map of Suffolk (1783) Faden’s Map ofNorfolk (1797) and Bryant’s Map of Norfolk (1826), as well as versions of theOrdnance Survey maps available on-line (http://maps.nls.uk/).

Archaeological EvidenceA search of Suffolk Historic Environment Record was commissioned coveringthe development area. This returned 44 records covering periods from theprehistoric to the modern. These records are classified as Monuments, ListedBuildings and Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) finds (Appendix 1).

Monuments Listed Building PAS FindsUndated 2 - -Prehistoric 2 - -Palaeolithic 1 - -Neolithic 2 - -Bronze Age 1 - -Iron Age - - -Roman 1 - -Saxon - - -Medieval 3 1 1Medieval to Post-medieval 6 -Post-medieval 12 4 -Modern 8 - -TOTAL 38 5 1


HW Report No. 208 4

Prehistoric, Palaeolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age (Fig. 2)All prehistoric evidence lay to the south-east of the search area, sited on therising ground around the edge of the marshes. Finds include a Palaeolithichand-axe and both Neolithic and Bronze Age flint tools, such as scrapers,hammer stones and knives. Excavations at two adjacent sites, undertaken inthe 1998, revealed pits and post-holes thought to be of prehistoric date.

Iron Age, Roman and Saxon (Fig. 2)Very little evidence of activity during these periods has been recorded withinthe search area. Only one site with a very few Roman finds is noted, locatedclose to St Michaels Church, Oulton.

Medieval (Fig. 3)Three sites have been recorded as of certain medieval origin. These consist ofOulton Broad which is the result of peat digging during this period, finds andfeatures identified through excavation on the southern edge of the search areaand St Michaels Church, Oulton. The earliest architectural elements of StMichaels (Grade I listed) date to the 11th century with alterations made in the13th century and additions in the 14th and 15th centuries.

Medieval to Post-medieval (Fig. 3)Six sites, all identified from aerial photographs, have been dated to this over-arching period covering both the Medieval and Post-medieval. Three of thesites are located on the rising ground to the south-east of the study area. Ontwo of these sites, cropmarks and soil marks illustrate the presence of ditchesand banks. Some run on the alignments shown on the early Ordnance Surveymaps, while others are on a different alignment and may be earlier in date. Oneof these sites lay within the development area of Railway Land. The third sitelies around the site of Carlton Hall. Features identified here also include fieldboundaries, but some may also be the result of landscaping within Carlton HallPark.

The remaining three sites lay within the marshes. One on Share Marsh Eastincludes drainage dykes and causeways. Three small scrapes located withinthe bounds of this site were monitored in 2013 but no archaeological featureswere identified. The other two sites lay in Oulton Marsh, beyond thedevelopment area but within the search area. These consist of an area of fieldboundaries and a bank and ditch which lay on the parish boundary.

One medieval spoon has been recorded through the Portable AntiquitiesScheme.


HW Report No. 208 5

Post-medieval (Fig. 3)The majority of sites date to the Post-medieval and include flood defence banksand drainage ditches on the marshes including Share Marsh West and Peto’sMarsh. Many of these were identified through the study of aerial photographs.On these two marshes, a number of relict flood defence banks or causewayshave been plotted along with a drainage system on Share Marsh West. At thenorthern corner of Share Marsh West lay Share Drainage Mill. This was firstmapped in 1837 and replaced by an engine in 1883. Two other drainage millslay to the east of Oulton Dyke and just outside the development area. Theseare Arnolds Mill and Skeppers Mill, of probable early 19th century date. An early16th -century stoneware mug was found close to Skeppers Mill during dykeclearance in 1978.

Four Grade II listed buildings date to this period. The Rookery on Beccles Roadhas a 17th century core was altered in the 19th century and extended andaltered in the 19th and 20th centuries. The Summerhouse on Boathouse Lanewas built in 1830, an early 19th century house is recorded on Bridge Road andMancroft Towers on Prospect Road was a country house commissioned fromGeorge John Skipper in 1889.

Also dating to this period are two railway lines which run through the searcharea and a former railway station. These are the Lowestoft to Norwich line whichwas opened in 1847 and the Lowestoft to Beccles Line, which was opened in1859. A former railway station lay north of Railway Land.

Modern (Fig. 4)All of the modern features within the search area date to the Second World War.These mainly lay on the eastern edge of the study area and include Pill boxes,barbed wire obstructions, anti-tank ditch systems and cubes, gunemplacements and other military structures.

Undated (Fig. 4)Undated cropmarks of ditches have been recorded just to the south of the area.These may be associated with other nearby cropmarks which are likely to beMedieval or Post-medieval in date. A further set of possible ditches have alsobeen identified but they are only represented as fragments of surviving featureson aerial photographs so cannot be confidently identified

Recent Archaeological WorkIn 2014 flood defence works were carried out as part of the Broadland FloodAlleviation Project. These works were adjacent to the south-western boundaryof Peto’s Marsh and included the excavation of a new dyke and the creation ofa new bank. The new dyke crossed one of the known Post-medieval banks(CAC 040) which traverse the marshes, and a section through the bank was


HW Report No. 208 6

recorded. This showed that the bank was made up of many dumps of materialincluding silts, sand and gravels, and stands c.0.6m higher than the underlyingnatural silty clays (Plate 1).

Cartographic EvidenceMap evidence considered here includes Ordnance Survey maps, Hodskinson’sMap of Suffolk in 1783 (Dymond 2003), Faden's Map of Norfolk in 1797(Barringer 1989) and Bryant's Map of Norfolk in 1826 (Barringer 1998), alongwith selected documents from the Suffolk Record Offices and Norfolk RecordOffice (Appendix 2). These included Enclosure Map, Tithe Maps andApportionments, maps associated with the navigation of the Waveney and theconstruction of the railway. Maps relevant to the study area are summarisedbelow in chronological order andselected maps are included as plates.

Hodskinson’s Map 1783Little detail is given on Hodskinson’s map due to the scale of the map. Twoplace names are of interested with the area of Railway Land being shown asCarlton Guzzles and the area to the east being listed as Burnt Hills. No drainagemills are shown on the marshes. Oulton Dike joins Lake Lothing (Oulton Broad)to the River Waveney. A possible trackway crosses the marshes (marshesnamed as Carlton Shares); this could potentially lead to a ferry crossingalthough a ferry is not named or illustrated.

Faden’s Map 1797Similar constraints of scale are apparent on Faden’s map. Again, no drainagemills are shown. Oulton Dyke is illustrated as a sinuous water course feedinginto Lake Lothing (Oulton Broad). A track indicated leading to the RiverWaveney across the marshes and a possible ferry crossing, although a ferry isnot named here.

Dean and Chapter Estates (NRO CHC 11910) Early 19th centuryThis shows only the northern part of the area now known as Peto’s marsh,although here the area is named as Oulton Marsh. No drainage mills areillustrated, the area is divided into two plots with the southern boundary beingsinuous in nature. Oulton Dyke no longer appears sinuous, so has probablybeen straightened by the time of this survey.

Enclosure Award Carlton Colville, Kirkley and Oulton (3 maps) (SRO 33/5/R/1)Oulton. No details of Peto’s Marsh shown, only the area to the east Oulton Dykeon this Enclosure map. Eastern part of Oulton Dyke is sinuous.Carlton Colville. Areas of Share Marsh West, South and East are not shown asenclosed, but are described as marsh. The part of Share Marsh which laydirectly west of the development area is divided and enclosed at this time. Plots


HW Report No. 208 7

which border onto the Railway Land are listed as belonging to Dunwich andLaxfield Trustees.

Norwich to Lowestoft Navigation (NRO 103/2 542x9) c.1825The Dean and Chapter land remains unchanged, while the southern part ofPeto’s Marsh is divided into several plots. Three drainage mills are shown onthis map, two on Peto’s Marsh and one on Share Marsh West. Only the northernpart of Oulton Dyke is illustrated as straightened, the remainder being moresinuous.

Propose Navigation from Norwich to Lowestoft (NRO Y/PH 1801) 1826(Plate 2)Unsurprisingly this map is very similar to that dated just a year earlier. The landdivisions on Peto’s Marsh remain unchanged and the same three drainage millsare shown. Oulton Dyke however, appears to have been further straightened,and proposed further straightening is illustrated.

Bryant’s Map 1826Little detail is included on the Suffolk side of the River Waveney. Oulton Dykeis shown as a slightly sinuous water course feeding into an area of water namedas Mutford Broad (Oulton Broad). A foot ferry crossing from Burgh in Norfolk toPeto’s Marsh to is clearly marked.

Maps of the River Waveney (NRO C/Scf 1/463) 1830(Plate 3)Although produced only a few years later than the previous map, slight changesto the land divisions on Peto’s Marsh have been made. Only one drainage millis illustrated on Peto’s Marsh, this appears to be the more northerly of the twopreviously shown. The Mill on Share Marsh is also illustrated.

Tithe Maps Carlton Colville (SRO 544/9, NRO DN/TA 955, NRO DN/TA 655)1842, 1842, 1843 and apportionments (SRO 544/10, SRO 544/11), 1842 and1848.Differing amounts of detail are recorded on the three tithe maps viewed and thelegibility of the apportionments vary. Little can be pulled together for ShareMarshes but two plots adjacent to Railway Land are identifiable. One wasknown as Guzzles Water Piece and the other Guzzles Water Plantation. Bothwere owned and occupied by Henry Woolnough. The area of land whichoccupies part of Railway Land was identified as arable.


HW Report No. 208 8

Tithe Map Oulton (SRO 544/32, NRO DN/TA 695) 1842, 1843 andapportionment (SRO 544/33) 1837This tithe map covers Peto’s Marsh. Land divisions appear largely unchanged.No mills are directly illustrated but the plot sizes and names indicate that onemill was still standing. The plot names include Mill Yard, New Mill Marsh, OldMill Marsh and Mill Rand (rond). Some of the plots carry different names on thedifferent apportionments, with Staithe Marsh and Staithe Rand appearing in the1837 document. The drainage mill is in the same location as that shown on the1830 map. Further straightening of Oulton Dyke has been carried out.

Lowestoft to Beccles Railway (SRO 150/2/5.38, SRO 150/2/5.48 and SRO150/2/5.215) 1845, 1856 and 1898The underlying base map of these three plans is very similar. The earliest ofthese shows the proposed route of the railway running parallel but north of theconstructed course which is shown on the 1856 map. The later map detailsproposed widening of the railway. Three ponds are shown bordering theRailway Land and the field boundaries shown have remained unchanged intothe 21st century.

1st Edition OS 1884(Plate 4)Only one mill, Share Drainage Pump is shown on this map. The ferry acrossthe Waveney is also noted. A few small, probably agricultural buildings/sheltersare shown on Peto’s Marsh along with a number of foot bridges crossing thedykes.

Other Ordnance Survey Maps 1 inch 1899, 1 inch 1946 1 inch 1954Few significant changes are shown on these maps, although the trend for theremoval of field boundaries to form larger plots is apparent.

Summary by Area(Fig. 5)

Peto’s MarshOne record (CAC 039) from the Historic Environment Record is sited along thesouthern border of Peto’s Marsh. This bank runs along part of the southernborder of Peto’s March before turning to the north for several meters. This hasbeen interpreted as a possible flood bank of post-medieval date. However, theline of the bank, especially it’s extension to the north, also reflects the old parishboundary between Oulton and Carlton Colville as shown on the historic maps.As well as serving as a floodbank, this would also have formed the parishboundary.


HW Report No. 208 9

Two wind pumps are first shown on the Norwich to Lowestoft Navigation Mapof c.1825 and 1826. On maps of the river Waveney dated to 1830 these twomills have been reduced to one, (the most northerly). The presence of a secondmill is also reflected in the plot names in the tithe apportionment which refer toOld Mill Marsh as well as New Mill Marsh and Mill Yard. The second mill hasdisappeared by the time of the 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map (1884).

A track is shown on the late 18th-century maps leading to the river, which mayindicate a ferry point, although this is only first named as a foot ferry on Bryant’smap of 1826. Map evidence also indicates that Oulton Dyke, which forms theeastern side of Peto’s Marsh was straightened is stages during the early yearsof the 19th century.

Apart from the wind pumps the only other buildings to be present on Peto’sMarsh are a few small, probably agricultural buildings which are first depictedon the 1884 Ordnance Survey Map and were still shown on the 1951 OrdnanceSurvey Map. The present field system was established in the second half of the20th-century.

Share Marsh WestThree monuments identified from the Suffolk Historic Environment Record anda wind pump are located in Share Marsh West. Between the marsh and theRiver Waveney lay a bank (CAC 039) of possible Post-medieval date. A similarbank (CAC 040) forms the western side of this area, a branch of which crossesthe northern part of this marsh. A section across the eastern part of this bankwas recorded during flood defence works in 2014.

A series of possible drainage ditches (CAC 041) have been recorded across anarea measuring c.430x445m. These do not align with the later post-medievalfield boundaries and it is therefore likely that they date to an earlier period(earlier Post-medieval or possibly Medieval).

Located at the northern point of Share Marsh West is the site of Share WindPump. This is first recorded on the navigation maps of c.1825 and 1826 andthe Historic Environment Record notes that it was replace by a seam pump in1883.

The field boundaries across this marsh appear to be laid out by the mid-19thcentury when they are partially shown the 1830 Proposed Navigation Plan andmore fully depicted on the Tithe Maps of the 1840s. Today’s field boundariesreflect those on these maps, although some of the boundaries have since beenremoved forming larger plots.


HW Report No. 208 10

Share Marsh EastOne monument is recorded on the Suffolk Historic Environment Record. This isa series of drainage ditches (CAC 071), identified from aerial photographs, butnot mapped in detail. These ditches align with those identified on Share MarshWest (CAC 041) and are thought to be part of the same drainage system.

Similarly to Share Marsh West the field boundaries across this marsh appearto be laid out by the mid-19th century when they are shown on the ProposedNavigation Plan and Tithe Map, although all the boundaries forming the smallerdivisions have since been removed.

Railway LandThe study of aerial photographs has again revealed evidence of earlier activityon this site in the form of field boundaries, trackways and enclosures. Thefeatures present on this plot are part of a larger system which has been mappedacross an area measuring 1135 x 770m. The date of these is unknown, but maybe Medieval or Post-medieval.

On Hodskinson’s 1783 map this area is named as Carlton Guzzles; a namewhich continues in use into the mid-19th century when the tithe apportionmentrefers to Guzzles Water Piece and Plantation bordering the west side of RailwayLand. The Railway Land plot is referred to as being under arable cultivation.

The Lowestoft to Beccles Railway plan of 1845 is the first to clearly show thethree ponds which lay to the west of this plot and are still present today. Thefield boundaries shown on this map have remained largely unchanged to thepresent day.

ConclusionsSeveral archaeological sites are known in the broader area and a few lay withinthe area of planned works. Prehistoric activity has been recorded on the higherground to the east of the site, as has some medieval and post-medievalarchaeology. Twentieth-century activity is limited to WWII activity on the edgeof the more densely settled areas.

Of greatest significance within the site are the locations of three wind pumps, afoot ferry crossing, post-medieval banks and ditches. The wind pumps and ferrypoint are all sited close to the present floodbank on Peto’s Marsh and ShareMarsh West. The banks and ditches which have been identified from aerialphotographs occupy much of Share Marsh West and Share Marsh East.Undated field boundaries are also present on the Railway Land. No knownarchaeological sites are present on Share Marsh South.


HW Report No. 208 11

As with all sites there is a possibility that any ground disturbing works will revealas yet unknown archaeological deposits or artefacts but as aerial photographsof the area have been studied and plotted this likelihood has been reduced.However, the waterlogged nature of the marshes can provide a uniqueenvironment for the preservation of organic remains, and although such findsare rare the possible presence of waterlogged archaeological remains cannotbe fully discounted.

Bibliography

Barringer, J.,C., 1998, Bryant’s Map of Norfolk in 1826

Barringer, J.,C., 1989, Faden’s Map of Norfolk

Dymond, D.P., 2003, Hodskinson’s Map of Suffolk in 1783

Site

Lowestoft

Southwold

Orford

Ipswich

Needham Market

Sudbury

Bury St Edmunds

Haverhill

Mildenhall

Eye

Framlingham

Halesworth

Figure 1. Site location. Area of development outlined in brown.Area of Historic Environment Record search outlined in grey.

Peto's Marsh

Share Marsh West

Share Marsh East

Share Marsh South

Railway Land

Carlton Colville

Oulton

Figure 2. Showing area of development (brown), prehistoric sites (orange) and Roman sites (yellow).

Search Area

Figure 3. Showing area of development (brown), medieval sites (blue), post-medieval sites (green),medieval/post-medieval sites (light blue) and listed buildings (black).

Search Area

Railway

Railway

Figure 4. Showing area of development (brown), modern sites (pink) and undates sites (purple).

Search Area

Figure 5. Showing known archaeological sites and aerial phptograph mapping within

Windpump

Windpump

Ferry

Windpump

Ditches

Area of unmapped ditches

Banks

development area. (Mapping copyright Historic England)

Plate 1. Section through bank, recorded 2014. Photo by Sarah Bates.

Plate 2. Proposed Navigation from Lowestoft to Norwich, 1826 (NRO Y/PH 1801)

Plate 3. Map of the River Waveney 1830 (NRO C/Scf1/463)

Plate 4. 1st edition Ordnance Survey 1884.

06/03/2017 Parish

Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service Sites and Monuments Record

CARLTON COLVILLE, WAVENEY, SUFFOLK

NGRRef Summary DescriptionSite Name Period

CAC 002 Beccles Road One slug knife, 14 scrapers various, 2 hammer stones, 5 small scrapers worked from primary flakes, 2 sea urchins (one in good condition, one in damaged condition), found 1966 - 1967.

MSF22

Neo Centred TM 5082 9144 (101m by 100m)

CAC 003 Neolithic and Bronze-Age artefact scatter of implements, including 4 scrapers, a core, a knife and several flakes.

Neolithic/Bronze Age implements including 4 scrapers, 1 core, 1 plano-convex knife, and several flakes found on the surface.

MSF1567

BA Centred TM 5083 9124 (100m by 100m)

CAC 017 Carlton Park; Areas 1 & 2 (Preh)

Excavations in 1999 revealed Prehistoric (and later) features and finds.

MSF19641

Preh Centred TM 5077 9068 (441m by 247m)

CAC 018 Beccles Road; Hollow Lane (Med)

September 1998: Finds/Features(?) located during trenched evaluation (S1). Details in (S2).MSF18677

Med Centred TM 5106 9071 (346m by 317m)

CAC 018 Beccles Road; Hollow Lane (Preh)

September 1998: Finds/Features(?) located during trenched evaluation. Details to follow (S1).MSF18678

Preh Centred TM 5106 9071 (352m by 318m)

CAC 033 Share Mill, Share Marsh Drainage mill, first mapped in 1837. Replaced with engine by 1883.MSF21902

PMe Centred TM 4939 9278 (14m by 17m)

CAC 038 Extensive Post Medieval flood defence bank, visible as an earthwork.

An extensive flood defence bank of probable post-medieval construction is visible on aerial photographs as an earthwork extending eastwards on the south bank of the River Waveney from Beccles at circa TM 420912.

MXS22785

Pme Centred TM 4881 9225 (1837m by 2226m)

CAC 039 Post Medieval flood defence bank or possible causeway, visible as an earthwork.

A relict flood defence bank or possible causeway of probable post-medieval date is visible on aerial photographs as an earthwork on Peto's Marsh, Carlton Colville parish.MXS22786


CAC 040 Post Medieval flood defence bank or causeway, visible as an extensive linear earthwork.

A possible relict flood defence bank or causeway is visible on aerial photographs as an extensive linear earthwork traversing Share Marsh, Carlton Colville parish.MXS22787


CAC 041 Remains of a Medieval or Post Medieval system of drainage ditches, visible as soilmarks.

The remains of a possibly medieval or post medieval system of drainage ditches across Share Marsh can be seen as soilmarks on aerial photographs, Carlton Colville parish.MXS22788


MonListRpt2


CAC 056 Soilmarks and cropmarks of field boundaries of probable medieval to post medieval date

The soilmarks and cropmarks of field boundaries of probable medieval to post medieval date, are visible on aerial photographs. Although it must be noted that a significant number of these boundaries underlie those post medieval boundaries depicted on the Ordnance Survey First Edition map (S6) map and the extant field layout, suggesting that there may either be some greater antiquity of these features or significant field changes in the post medieval periods. To either side of the site is a major boundary or track that runs diagonally to the fields. The line of the western one continues to the southwest (outside of the project area) and is shown on the Ordnance Survey First Edition map, runs parallel to the Mutford parish boundary to the south.

MSX27620

Med - Centred TM 4973 9056 (1297m by 931m)

CAC 067 Site of medieval to post medieval features associated with Carlton Hall

The soilmarks and vegetation marks of probable medieval to post medieval boundaries and land divisions surrounding the site of Carlton Hall, are visible on aerial photographs. Historic maps suggest the former presence of a park around the Hall and the features visible may relate to former landscaping and boundaries within the park. The presence of possible green-edge settlement along the eastern edge of the park, alongside Hollow Lane, has been suggested, but not conclusive evidence for these sorts of features was identified; however see CAC 063 for discussion. Developer funded work in this area has indicated that there is a thick masking layer of sub-soil over some parts of the site and this may be reducing the likelihood of features being visible on the

MSX27786


CAC 071 Medieval to post medieval drainage and marshland causeways

The vegetation marks and slight earthworks of probable medieval to post medieval drainage dykes and marshland causeways are visible on aerial photographs at this location. These were not included within the mapping as this type of feature is not included within the current scope of this project. The curvilinear nature of the features would suggest that they are an early element in the drainage history of this landscape and are likely to relate to previously mapped CAC 040-1.

MSX27641


MonListRpt2


CAC 072 Cropmarks of field boundaries of probable medieval to post medieval date

The cropmarks and soilmarks of field boundaries of probable medieval to post medieval date, are visible on aerial photographs. Although its possible that some elements are earlier than this date – in particular the angled double ditched boundary or trackway within the eastern part of the site, many of the boundaries seem consistent with the field pattern depicted on the Ordnance Survey First Edition map. It is worth bearing in mind – given the location – that some of the ditches may have acted as drainage.

MSX27658

Med- Centred TM 5059 9149 (1137m by 770m)

CAC 073 Cropmarks of ditches and /or drains of uncertain date and significance

The cropmarks of ditches and /or drains of uncertain date and significance are visible on aerial photographs. Some of the features mapped could relate to field boundaries of medieval to post medieval date, similar to those recorded under CAC 072 to the east.

MSX27660

Un Centred TM 4959 9104 (755m by 385m)

CAC 084 OUTLINE RECORD: Flood Alleviation, Peto's Marsh, Carlton Colville

MSF31193

TM 4977 9334 (point)

CAC 087 OUTLINE RECORD: Carlton Hall, Church Road, Carlton Colville (NPS) EVAL

MSF32820

TM 5088 9101 (point)

LWT 017 Oulton Broad Large flint pick with waisted sides in light blue flint.MSF1690

Neo Centred TM 5094 9196 (100m by 100m)

LWT 019 Findspot of a Palaeolithic Acheulean hand-axe.

Acheulean hand-axe from cart track, probably consolidation material from elsewhere.MSF1692

Pal Centred TM 5130 9200 (100m by 100m)

LWT 153 Oulton Broad Oulton Broad, probably a remnant of a medieval turbary.MSF22505


LWT 268 World War Two searchlight battery and type 22 pillbox

The site of a World War Two searchlight battery and type 22 pillbox is visible on aerial photographs. The pillbox survives as an extant structure.MSX27705

WW2 Centred TM 5124 9199 (125m by 188m)

LWT 271 World War Two defences The site of a World War Two type 22 pillbox, barbed wire obstruction and slit trenches forming a defended point is visible on aerial photographs. These defences are part of the major anti-tank ditch system (LWT 284) running south from Oulton Broad.

MSX27738


MonListRpt2


LWT 284 World War Two defensive system

A major World War Two defensive system, consisting of anti-tank ditch system, barbed wire obstructions, lines of anti-tank cubes and associated defences, including pillboxes, gun emplacements, slit trenches and weapons pits, running south from Oulton Broad Lowestoft to Pakefield, is visible on aerial photographs. This links up with the previously mapped section of defence at Pakfield (GSE 045) and forms part of a wider system of defences encircling Lowestoft (LWT 309) and running along this section of the East Coast from Corton to Pakefield.

MSX27773


LWT 288 World War Two training activity

The site of an area of World War Two training activity, consisting of slit trenches and weapons pits, is visible on aerial photographs.

MSX27739


LWT 293 World War Two defences The site of World War Two barbed wire defences and slit trenches are visible on aerial photographs on the edge of the marshes on the western side of Lowestoft.

MSX27735


LWT 294 World War Two defences The site of World War Two slit trenches, defended positions and military structures are visible on aerial photographs at Broadacres on the edge of the marshes on the western side of Lowestoft.

MSX27737


LWT 309 World War Two defensive system

A major World War Two defensive system, consisting of anti-tank ditch system, barbed wire obstructions, anti-tank scaffolding and lines of anti-tank cubes, and associated defences, including pillboxes, gun emplacements, slit trenches and weapons pits, is visible on aerial photographs encircling Lowestoft and running along this section of the East Coast from Corton to Pakefield. The defence is split into two sections, with Lake Lothing and Oulton Broad forming a natural break in the defensive line. The northern section surrounds the northern perimeter of Lowestoft, from the Lowestoft Denes to Lake Lothing and Oulton Broad (LWT 045) and then runs south from Oulton Broad Lowestoft to Pakefield (LWT 284).

MSX27774


LWT 311 Possible cropmarks of ditches

The cropmarks of possible fragmentary ditches are visible on aerial photographs at this location, but either cannot be confidently identified, or are located on the edge of the photographs and cannot be rectified sufficiently, and consequently have not been mapped.

MSX27640

Un Centred TM 5111 9191 (422m by 548m)

LWT 353 Lowestoft to Norwich railway line

Lowestoft to Norwich railway line. Part of the Wherry Lines from Norwich to Lowestoft and Great Yarmouth.MSF34981

Centred TM 5001 9530 (10830m by 7454m)

MonListRpt2


OUL 001 Two bronze coins. Two bronze coins.

MSF1726

Rom Centred TM 5102 9366 (50m by 50m)

OUL 002 Arnolds Mill, Oulton Marsh `Arnold's Mill.

MSF12611


OUL 003 Skeppers Mill, Oulton Marsh

Skeppers Mill was a simple trestle type wind pump of probable early 19th century origin.MSF12612


OUL 004 Church of St Michael (Med)

Medieval Church of St Michael - none recorded at Oulton in the Domesday survey although claimed in (S2).MSF13932


OUL 004 St Michaels Church (PMed)

A photographic survey of the outside of the church was carried out. Monitoring of groundworks for an extension identified various child graves and possible adult graves.

MSF23905


OUL 007 OUTLINE RECORD: RAILWAY STATON (FORMER)

MSF30164

PMe TM 5187 9218 (point)

OUL 021 Site of World War Two barbed wire defences, gun pits and possible structures

The site of World War Two barbed wire defences, gun pits and possible structures are visible on aerial photographs at Holly Hill on the edge of the marshes. It is not clear if any of the structures in the central area are World War Two, although a large curved profile hut remains on site.

MSX27598


OUL 026 Parish boundary bank The soilmarks and cropmarks of a former bank and ditch along the Flixton and Oulton parish boundary are visible on aerial photographs. The ditch component was previously thought to form the southern part of an enclosure or moat (see FTN 012).

MSX27586

Med/ Centred TM 5117 9495 (404m by 74m)

OUL 027 Cropmarks and soilmarks of field boundaries

The soilmarks and cropmarks of an area of field boundaries of probable medieval to post medieval date are visible on aerial photographs. Only those boundaries appearing to be potentially archaeologically significant have been included in the mapping. Soilmarks of linear boundaries within the northern part of the site have not been included as they likely to be depicted on historical maps. Some elements are included on the OS first edition map. An enclosure or moat in this area (FTN 012) has been reinterpreted as largely being natural or relating to OUL 026. The site also includes some fragmentary ditches following a different alignment that are likely to be pre-medieval.

MSX27587

Med/ Centred TM 5125 9486 (777m by 751m)

MonListRpt2


OUL 031 1978: Mug of Sieburg Stoneware, early C16, found while cleaning out drain on E bank of River Waveney. Formerly recorded as OUL Misc

1978: Mug of Sieburg Stoneware, early C16, found while cleaning out drain on E bank of River Waveney.

MSF15033

PMe TM 5013 9448 (point)

SUF 067 East Suffolk railway line East Suffolk railway line between Ipswich and LowestoftMSF34987

Centred TM 3455 6846 (40374m by 49443m)

MonListRpt2

Suffolk County Council Designation Summary Report

06/03/2017 Number of records: 5

DSF12359

CARLTON COLVILLE BECCLES ROAD TM 59 SW 1/9 The Rookery (including - attached screen walls)- IIHouse. C17 core with later C18 alterations (including stair addition and roof), early C19 facade and C19 rear wing. White brick facade, red brick to rear; mid C20 pebbledash render to gable ends. Pantiled roof, hipped to the right, with glazed black tiles to the front. 2 storeys and attic. 4 windows, inset sashes with glazing bars under flat brick arches; the 2 centre bays are slightly inset. 6-panel raised and fielded door and mid C20 pedimented doorcase. Flat parapet, continued round the right hand gable end. Internal stack and gable end stack to left. The left hand gable end has a first floor moulded brick string course, now rendered over. There are curved screen walls of red brick, each with a semi-circular arched opening and terminating in a square pier with stone ball finial. Good dog-leg closed-string stair with slender turned balusters; panelled dado. Exposed joisting to main ground floor room.Listing NGR: TM5000390706

DesigUID:

THE ROOKERY (INCLUDING SCREEN WALLS)Name:

NGR: TM 50003 90706 (point)

Type: Listed Building Status: Active

Grade: II

Associated Monuments - None

Legal Description

Preferred Ref: 282038

DSF13277

OULTON CHURCH LANE TM 59 SW 3/28 Church of St. Michael 27.11.54 I Parish church. Medieval, restored 1862. Nave, chancel, central tower, north transept, south porch. Mainly flint rubble with remains of plasterwork; stone dressings. Plaintiled roofs. Square tower: the lower portion is C12, with evidence for blocked window openings on the north side; the upper part of the tower has been rebuilt in red brick, C18 and later. C12 nave with original north and south doorways, the arch to the south doorway with chevron ornament. The nave windows are in the Perpendicular style, the 3 to the north largely original. C15 porch, considerably restored, with a brick entrance arch and statue niche above; inside there are 4 stoups. Good C14 3-bay chancel: 2 of the windows on each side and the 4-light east window have reticulated tracery. The windows to the north and east are mostly original. The north transept has been altered and enlarged, and is now used as the organ chamber and vestry. The lower part of the end wall has coursed rubblework and is probably C13. Interior. C12 tower arches on plain imposts; the west arch has one order of chevron ornament. There are later arches to the former south transept and a west aisle attached to this transept. Mid C19 nave roof with shallow scissor- bracing to the trusses. The chancel roof and ceiling were renewed in 1967. Stairs to former rood loft. In the sanctuary a trefoil-arched piscina and drop-sill sedilia. Wel-preserved C15 octagonal font: the bowl panels have flowers alternating with lions and with angels bearing shields; there are angels to the underside of the bowl and 4 lions against the stem. A west gallery is dated 1836. On the south nave wall is a monument to Thomas Hunt (1808). 2 fine effigy brasses stolen in 1857 have been replaced by mid C20 replicas. Over the tower arch to the nave are the Arms of James II. The furnishings are largely of C20 date.Listing NGR: TM5100893578

DesigUID:

CHURCH OF ST MICHAELName:

NGR: TM 51008 93578 (point)


Grade: I


Legal Description


DSF13053

TM 59 SW LOWESTOFT BOATHOUSE LANE, Oulton Broad(south east side)914-1/3/98Summerhouse 15m SW of

DesigUID:

SUMMERHOUSE 15 METRES SOUTH WEST OF LAVENGRO (LAVENGRO NOT INCLUDED)Name:


Grade: II

Legal Description


Page 1zDesignationSummaryRpt Report generated by HBSMR from exeGesIS SDM Ltd

Lavengro. (Lavengro notincluded)21/06/93IISummerhouse. c1830, altered. Timber-framed and weatherboarded on brick plinth. Brick extension to west c1850. Late C20 felt roof. Square plan with chamfered comers, to appear octagonal. Ha1f-glazed doors in south-east and north-east chamfered, replaced windows to south. pyramid roof terminating in a small octagonal lantern. Historic association with George Borrow (1803 -1881), who lived at Oulton Cottage 1840 -53 and 1874 -81, dying in Oulton Cottage 1881. The summerhouse was his study. The novel "Lavengro", published 1851, written entirely within this building. Oulton Cottage was demolished after 1885 and a new house was built called Lavengro, which is not included. (Bunn, Ivan: George Borrow's Oulton; Oulton: 1981).Listing NGR: TM5098292860NGR: TM 50982 92860 (point)


DSF12729

LOWESTOFTTM59SW BRIDGE ROAD, Oulton Broad 914-1/3/99 (West side) 03/10/77 No.153IIHouse. Early C19. Gault brick with slate roof. The east front is of two storeys in 3 bays, the large centre bay broken forward under an open pediment. Pilaster strips define the edges of this and of the main elevation, front and rear. Central 6-panelled door with glazed upper pair of panels set within a timber doorcase and under a narrow overlight and hood. Thin platband at first-floor level. One 6/6 sash with rendered surround lights the upper floor. The bays either side also have one 6/6 sash to each floor, those to the ground floor with rendered surrounds, those above with gauged skewback arches. The upper left window is blind. Wide soffits to the roof eaves, including the entrance bay. Hipped roof with 2 symmetrical ridge stacks. The rear has a flat elevation, 3 bays, 6/6 sashes, those to the ground floor with rendered surrounds. The ground-floor centre, however, has a single-storey canted bay window.Listing NGR: TM5198192428

DesigUID:

Name:

NGR: TM 51981 92428 (point)


Grade: II


Legal Description


DSF12720

LOWESTOFTTM59SW PROSPECT ROAD, Oulton Broad 914-1/3/101 (North West side) 06/05/83 Mancroft Towers (Formerly Listed as: OULTON ROAD Mancroft Towers)IICountry House. Commissioned 1889 from George John Skipper by P.E. Back, built 1891-93. Red brick. Machine tile roofs. 2 storeys and dormer attic. Jacobean Revival style. Main front to south-west is irregularly disposed and articulated around a stepped gable to the left, a square entrance porch left of centre and a straight gable to the right. Moulded brick decoration from the Costessey brickworks, Norwich. Fenestration of brick mullioned cross-casements, the principal windows of 4-5 lights and under moulded pediments. The stepped gable has a stack and brick diapering. Gabled roof with one gabled dormer. Restrained stacks litter the skyline. The north-west front is grudgingly symmetrical. Gables to right and left with 4-5 lights to the cross-casements, all under pediments. 2-light attic windows, also with pediments. Internal angles with crenellated 2-storey towers separated by a central gable: cross-casements again, now without pediments. The rear flank (north-east return) dominated by an off-set 4-storey crenellated tower with a polygonal stair turret attached, also crenellated. INTERIOR. Dining hall has a brick segmentally-arched fireplace in the north-east wall under a coat-of

DesigUID:

MANCROFT TOWERSName:


Grade: II

Legal Description



arms. Above it is a continuous run of timbered coving. Ceiling with sunk quadrant-moulded bridging beams and joists. Fireplace wall with small-frame panelling. Open well staircase: closed string, splat balusters and moulded handrail, square newel posts with carved griffins (the Back family crest). Music room panelled throughout in large-framed early C18-style panelling. Fireplace with imbricated jambs and cornice. Long Gallery to first floor.Listing NGR: TM5074893089NGR: TM 50748 93089 (point)



Appendix 2

Documents consulted at Suffolk Record Offices

Listed by date

Reference Date Brief description33/5/R/1 1803 Enclosure Award Carlton Colville, Oulton and Kirkley544/9 1842 Carlton Colville Tithe Map544/10 1842 Carlton Colville Tithe Apportionment544/32 1842 Oulton Tithe Map150/2/5.38 1845 Plans for Beccles to Lowestoft Railway150/2/5.39 1845 Plans for Beccles to Lowestoft Railway544/11 1848 Carlton Colville Tithe Apportionment150/2.5.200 1851 Plans for Beccles to Lowestoft Railway150/2/5.28b 1853 Plans for Beccles to Lowestoft Railway150/2/5.48 1856 Plans for Beccles to Lowestoft Railway150/2/5.27 1857 Plans for Beccles to Lowestoft Railway150/2/5.215 1898 Plans for Beccles to Lowestoft Railway

Documents consulted at Norfolk Record Office

Listed by date

Reference Date Brief descriptionCHC 11910 early 19th

centuryDean and Chapter Estates

MC 103/2 542x9 c.1825 Norwich to Lowestoft NavigationMC/2677/3 1723 Photograph of Map of Colonel Cope EstateBR 276/1/857 1822 Propose Ship NavigationY/PH 1801 1826 Proposed NavigationC/Scf 1/463 1830 Map of River WaveneyDN/TA 955 1842 Carlton Colville Tithe Map and ApportionmentDN/TA 655 1843 Carlton Colville Tithe Map and ApportionmentDN/TA 695 1843 Oulton Tithe Map and ApportionmentC/Scf 1/368 1852 Waveney Valley RailwayY/PH 1803 1854 Waveney Valley Drainage