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Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan Knight – UW-Trout Lake Station Michelle Nault – WI Department of Natural Resources Chris Hamerla – Golden Sands RC&D Council, Inc.

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Page 1: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic

Plants of the Upper Midwest

Paul SkawinskiUW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point

Susan Knight – UW-Trout Lake StationMichelle Nault – WI Department of Natural Resources

Chris Hamerla – Golden Sands RC&D Council, Inc.

Page 2: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Outline

• Introduction to aquatic plants

• Important definitions

• Highlight three major groups

• Breakouts

– Watermilfoils/bladderworts

– Pondweeds

– Floating and floating-leaved plants

– Other common species

Page 3: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan
Page 4: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan
Page 5: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan
Page 6: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan
Page 7: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

What is an aquatic plant?

Page 8: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Terrestrial Beginnings

• First plants were aquatic

• Terrestrials arise, with vascular systems

• Vascular plants return to water

Page 9: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

On The Fence…

• Some plants can’t make up their mind

Page 10: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

On The Fence…

• Some plants can’t make up their mind

Page 11: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Persicaria amphibia(Water smartweed)

Page 12: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Important for Identification

Midvein Apex

Page 13: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Terminology Review

Total veins

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Page 14: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Terminology Review

Total veins1

23

45

6

78

+8

+1

8+8+1 = 17 total veins

Page 15: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Important for Identification

Margin Stipule

Page 16: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Important for Identification

Clasping Stalked/petiolate

Sessile

Page 17: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Important for Identification

Nodal glands

Page 18: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Terminology Review

Turions or winter buds

Page 19: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Important for IdentificationAchenes

Page 20: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Terminology Review

Rhizome

Page 21: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Terminology Review

Stolon

Page 22: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Collecting an Unknown Specimen

Page 23: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Components of a Plant Press

Page 24: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Components of a Plant PressTighten the plant press straps to cinch the parts together, or use a

heavy book. Place the press in a location with low humidity and good

air flow.

Page 25: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Accurate Labels are Essential!

Finished plant specimen

with label. Ready to be

submitted to an

herbarium collection.

Page 26: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Bladderworts (Utricularia spp.)

8 species in Upper Midwest

Carnivorous

Mostly in shallow, acid environments

Page 27: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Bladderworts (Utricularia spp.)

8 species in Wisconsin

Carnivorous

Mostly in acid environments

Page 28: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Bladderworts (Utricularia spp.)

8 species in Wisconsin

Carnivorous

Mostly in acid environments

Page 29: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Characeae family (macro-algae)

Page 30: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Chara spp.(Muskgrasses)

Page 31: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Chara spp.(Muskgrasses)

Page 32: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Nitella spp.Stoneworts

Page 33: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Starry StonewortNitellopsis obtusa

Page 34: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Other Characeae

Tolypella

Lychnothamnus

Page 35: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Distinguishing the Characeae

• Stem cortication

• Spine cells

• Branchlet division (or none)

• Stipulodes

• Placement of reproductive

structures (oogonia and

antheridia)

Page 36: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Distinguishing the Characeae

• Stem cortication

• Spine cells

• Branchlet division (or none)

• Stipulodes

• Placement of reproductive

structures (oogonia and

antheridia)

Page 37: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Distinguishing the Characeae

• Stem cortication

• Spine cells

• Branchlet division (or none)

• Stipulodes

• Placement of reproductive

structures (oogonia and

antheridia)

Page 38: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Distinguishing the Characeae

• Stem cortication

• Spine cells

• Branchlet division (or none)

• Stipulodes

• Placement of reproductive

structures (oogonia and

antheridia)

Page 39: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Distinguishing the Characeae

• Stem cortication

• Spine cells

• Branchlet division (or none)

• Stipulodes

• Placement of reproductive

structures (oogonia and

antheridia)– Dioecious vs. monoecious,

conjoined vs. sejoined

Page 40: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Distinguishing the watermilfoilsMyriophyllum spp.

• Number of leaflets

• Floral bracts

• Stem color

• Leaves whorled or scattered

Page 41: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Distinguishing the watermilfoilsMyriophyllum spp.

• Number of leaflets

• Floral bracts

• Stem color

• Leaves whorled or scattered

Page 42: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Distinguishing the watermilfoilsMyriophyllum spp.

• Number of leaflets

• Floral bracts

• Stem color

• Leaves whorled or scattered

Page 43: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Distinguishing the watermilfoilsMyriophyllum spp.

• Number of leaflets

• Floral bracts

• Stem color

• Leaves whorled or scattered

Page 44: Aquatic Plants of Wisconsin - BugwoodCloud...Identification of Native and Exotic Aquatic Plants of the Upper Midwest Paul Skawinski UW-Extension Lakes Program / UW-Stevens Point Susan

Small Group Rotations

Chris – Floating and floating-leaf plants

Susan – Bladderworts and watermilfoils

Michelle – Pondweeds

Paul – Other cool stuff