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•8000 BCE- 600 BCEMigrationGatherer-Hunters, Pastoral migrantsEarly Agricultural SocietiesRiver Valley Civs / 1st Wave CivsJudaism, Vedic HinduismPottery, Irrigation, Wheel, Metallurgy

600 BCE – 600 CE - Classical Civilizations Zoroastrianism Buddhism Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism Christianity INNOVATION: Gov’t, Art & Arch, etc. 600 CE – 1450 CE Early societies in the Americas Rebuilding societies Rise of Islam Mongols Rise of Empires

1450 – 1750 Columbian Exchange Rise of Europe Islamic Empires Isolation in China Isolation in Japan Russia Wakes Up Exploitation in Africa & Latin America

1750 – 1900 Revolution & Nationalism Industrial Revolution Imperialism India, Scramble for Africa, SE Asia… European Moment Meijii Restoration Atlantic Slavery/Serfs J-ROC similarities

1900 – Present Total War: WWI, WWII Age of Anxiety Mandates, Ataturk, Zionism, Israel Decolonization Cold War American Moment Globalism Fundamentalism The Digital Age

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Essays

Re-phrase the question, and possible answers- does it make more sense now?

Rule out obviously wrong answers. Does your proposed answer reflect a BIG IDEA? Buzz word? Are there other exam questions that might give you a clue? If you just do not know, leave it blank and come back… You

must answer at least 50 questions. If you can reduce your options to TWO, statistically it is a

good idea to guess. Usually your first inclination is the best.

Thesis answers the whole question directly. Support your thesis – Rule of Three!

› Comp- Direct Comparison structure› DBQ- group docs to prove your points, 2+POV, Missing Voice› CCOT- World Historical Context; Beginning, end, what

changed & what stayed the same? WHY, WHY, WHY?? Analyze everything you say,

especially in the thesis if possible: “because, since, therefore, so…”

Hit it and get out – Be CONCISE!

Always Consider… Political – government, leaders, laws Economics – type of economy, major products, trade partners Religion – belief system or philosophy Social – Hierarchy & women’s role Intellectual – writing, literature, philosophy Art, Architecture Relationships with others – long distance trade?

Conquest? Technology – new ones/ where did they get?

SOAPSTone

Subject Occasion

› year & › what was going on at the time that could

influence the issue? Audience PURPOSE Speaker – reliable? In a position to know?

› POV – WHY does he say what he says? Tone

How to analyze a primary or secondarysource document

Where is it?

North America, Central, South – Western Hemisphere Old World = AfroEurAsia New World = Austrialia, Polynesia, North /Central (meso america)/ South

America & Caribbean. South Asia – India East Asia – China, Korea, Japan Southeast Asia – Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar… North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Swahili coast, Horn of Africa Indian Ocean, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Mediterranean Sea, Huang He, Yangtze,

Nile, Tigris & Euphrates, Indus River, Ganges River, Misssissippi River, Amazon River, Yucatan Peninsula, Andes Mountains, Himalaya Mountains, Sahara Desert, Gobi Desert, Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean.

Italy, France, Great Britain, Germany, Spain, Portugal, Iberian Peninsula, Al-Andalus, Dar-al-Islam, Mecca, Medina, Arabian Peninsula. Ceylon, Madagascar, Japan, England. Australia.

8000 BCE – 600 BCEEarly Migrations to Classical

Civilizations:

HUMANITY LIVES WITH, then STARTS TO TAME NATURE

Migration

Out of Africa Theory› Omnivores, Scavengers› Gatherers & Hunters

Indo - Aryan Migrations› Pastoral Nomads – Herders

Bantu Migrations› Bananas, Iron metallurgy› 2000 BCE to 1500 CE

Video: Journey of Man

Later:

-Diaspora of the Jews – 70 CE-African Diaspora – slavery-Atlantic Migration Waves -North – South Migration of 20th C-India – Pakistan Migration-Refugees from war-torn areas – ie: Darfur in 21st Century Africa

2. Early Agricultural Societies

NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION!

Catalhoyuk- Turkey

Jericho- Israel, wall Jomon- pottery Chinook

Early Complex Societies Mesopotamia

› Code of Hammurabi, city states

Egypt› Hatsepsut

China› Shang; Zhou- Mandate of Heaven

Harappa/ Mohenjo Daro,

Aryans

Video: First Emperor of China

P: Centralized RuleE: Ag Economy on River; trade the surplus Specialization artisansR: Belief SystemsS: Strict Patriarchal ; Strict Social HierarchyI: Monumental ArchitectureA: Writing? All four!R: Some trade interactionT: Ag tech: Irrigation, metalworking, pottery

Classical Societies Persia – roads, Persepolis

India› Ashoka Maurya› Rock & Pillar Edicts, Roads, Inns› Buddhism

Greece› Pericles, Polis, Citizenship› Democracy, slavery› Aristotle, Plato, Socrates› Alexander, Hellenism

Rome – Fell 476 CE› Caesar Augustus› Plebeians, Patricians, Pater familias› Twelve Tables, Republic, Empire› Pax Romana, Manumission› Aqueduct, Colliseums, Roads

China- Fell 220 CE› Qin, Han

Olmec Maya

Videos: Asoka,Roman Empire in the First Century, Classical MayaArchaeology.

What makes a Society Classical /Complex ?

Vast area & population Empire –Conquest, Expansion, Centralized

Government CITIES Innovative government structure Innovations in Philosophy/Religion Diversified economy with long distance trade Increased complexity of organization, ties Standardization: written language, law codes,

measurement, coinage “Flowering” of art, architecture, intellectual Pace of change accelerates Stable - enduring Legacy

Why did Classical Societies “fall?”

Overspent on military conquest, administration, infrastructure

Leadership weak

Overextended administration cannot handle huge empire

Citizens cease to care

Conquest from outside, mostly nomadic groups

World Belief Systems Hinduism

› Vedic, Devotional › Brahman› Ramayana, Mahabharata (Bhavagad Gita), Upanishads› Caste System – Varnas –

Untouchables / Harijan› Dharma› Ahimsa

Daoism› Wuwei› Withdraw as you cannot make

a difference, anyway

Zoroastrianism› Ahura Mazda, Angra Maynu;

outside; fire› Zoroaster, Magi

Confucianism› Filial Piety› Relationships› Healthy family, healthy society› Duty, education› Ancestor veneration› Superior Man (Junzi)› Scholar Bureaucrats, Shi

Legalism› Obedience, strong leadership,

no excuses!

Jainism › Asceticism› Ahimsa

World Belief Systems

Buddhism› Nirvana, meditation› Four Noble Truths, Noble

Eightfold Path› Dharma, Ahimsa› Cause of all suffering is…

› Theravada Philosophy Lesser Vehicle – Hinayana

› Mahayana Boddhisatvas Buddha as Divine Holy donations Merchants brought on Silk Road

to China, Japan

Christianity› Christ – “anointed

one”› Manichaean,

Nestorian› St. Paul

missionary to the gentiles

Roman citizen during Pax Romana – safe travel

Technologies

Irrigation Farming tools &

techniques Wheel, cart Pottery

Metallurgy› Farm tools, cooking

tools Copper, Iron

› Weapons

Stirrup Bows & Arrows

Post Classical Period

600 – 1450 CE:

REBUILDING and INTERACTING!

Byzantium – Fell 1453Rise of Islam – Golden Age, Navigation TechCultural Diffusion: - Orthodox missionaries to Slavs & Russians- Silk Roads- Trans-Saharan Trade- Syncretism- Swahili City States- “- Indian Ocean Basin Trade- “- Tributaries- Mongols, PlagueChina - Grand Canal- Buddhism arrives - Tang - Tributaries- Ming- Zheng He – Navigation TechMongols = YuanJapan – Heian- Bushido, Court ladies, ShogunEurope- Feudalism, Manorialism, Monasticism, Schism, Chivalry, Regional Trade, Crusades, Vikings, Urbanization, Guilds, Competition, Plague, Renaissance… Maya, Aztec, Inca Empires

Rebuilding

Byzantium › Orthodox Christianity› Caesaropapism› Constantine › Code of Justinian› Theme System› Icons & Iconoclasm› Schism› Moscow – 3rd Rome

Cyrillic Alphabet Law & Faith

Rise of Islam Muhammad - revelation Dar-al-Islam 5 Pillars

› Shahada - Proclaim› Pray 5x day facing…› Zakat – Alms directly…› Fast during Ramadan› Go on Hajj if …

Sharia Sunni, Shia, Sufi Caliph

Umma, Hijra Qadi, Ulama, Imam Al-Andaluz Koran / Qu’ran People of the Book Mecca, Medina Abbasid Caliphate

› Baghdad Umayyad Caliphate

› Damascus Dome of the RockVideo: Inside Islam

Islam comes to Western Africa: Trans-Sahara Trade & Kingdoms

Age Grades Griots Kin Based Strong women

Ghana › Arrival of Islam:

Trade, Religion, Arabic, reading

› Gold, Ivory, Slaves

Mali› Sundiata, Lion King

of Mali› Mansa Musa› Gold, Ivory, Slaves› Timbuktu – center

of trade & learning› Islam

Djenne

Swahili Coast of Africa

Swahili = Bantu languages + Arabic

Indian Ocean Basin trade

Dhows

Monsoons

Video: Henry Louis Gates, Jr., Wonders of Africa: Swahili Coast

Great Zimbabwe

Inland Kingdom

Trade within Africa via Rivers

Post Classical India

Mahmud of Ghazni – Religious warrior

Delhi Sultanate – 1206-1526

Islamic but not Ghazi

Chola & Vijayanagar Hindu kingdoms - South

Devotional Hinduism› Vishnu & Shiva› Shankara - reason Ramanuja –

devotion

Angkor Wat – Hinduism, Buddhism, legitimize Cambodian rule of Khmer

Bhakti Movement – Guru Kabir – Vishnu, Shiva, Allah are all one

Temple Society

Emporia› Monsoons› Location, location, location

Caste provided guidance in absence of centralized authority› JatiVideo: Angkor Wat & 21st century archeology techniques , Syncretism

Post Classical China: 200-1450

Return to Empire: › Sui, Tang, Song…Ming

Sui similar to Qin – › Built Grand Canal› Tough, brief, set the stage for…

Tang› Expansion! › Tributary Relationship, Kowtow

Vietnamese & Korean reactions t

› Junk › Equal Field System› Bureaucracy of Merit› FOOTBINDING› Champa – Fast-ripening rice

Neo-Confucianism› Reaction to Buddhism› More metaphysical

Ming› Zheng He, Treasure Ships

Poetry – Li Po› Nature, liquor,

Daoism, travel, imagery

Buddhism arrives› Foreign› Selfish› Land use› No ancestor worship› Rulers against it,

merchants for it

MONGOLS!

Chengghis Khan – 1230’s› United clans› CONQUEST› Fast, surprise attack

Great Khan, Chagtai, Golden Horde, Ilkhanate

PAX MONGOLICA› Safe trade connected east with west

Kublai Khan – 1271 = YUAN DYNASTY› Xanadu› Khanbaliq› Marco Polo

Timur the Lame – Tamerlane› Samarkand, destruction

SPREAD of PLAGUE

Videos: Millenium series- three on Mongols

Silk Road Trade

Religions traveled with merchants› Syncretism! › Buddhism, Islam,

Christianity› Ajanta & Dunhuang

Caves

New Goods, people, encounters› Silk, spices,

porcelain, textiles…

Disease! Caves at Dunhuang

Feudal Japan: 500-1450

Ancient – Shintoism, Kami

Emperor – reigned, but did not rule (until mid 19th c.)

Sei Shonagon› Pillow Book

Lady Mirasaki › Tale of Genji – first novel

Confucianism, Buddhism, Shintoism

Shogun Daimyo Samurai Bushido – way of the

warrior Seppuku

Accepted Chinese writing, Confucian ideas, but NOT Civil Service ExamsVideo: Millenium series on Pillowbook; Japan, Memoirs of a Secret Empire

Medieval Europe

Charlemagne› Missi Dominici› Christianity & Pope

Church – only unifying force in Europe

Monasticism

Manorialism› “Reciprocal Lord Retainer

Relationship”› Serf

Chivalry, Minstrels, Place of women - Eleanor

Champagne Fairs, Hanseatic League (Hansa)

Gothic Cathedrals Competition between N.

Italian City States Urbanization! Crusades! Vikings!

Video: Millenium Series on Cathedrals, Competition, Renaissance

Maya

Early Period: 2000 BCE- 250 CE› Replaced Olmec rubber

people), who invented the Calendar

› Hieroglyphs› Bloodletting› The Ball Game› Popol Vuh› Man made of corn & water› Astronomy

Classical Period: 250 – 900 CE

Mesoamerica

Chichen Itza, Palenque, Tikal

Video: Archeological Discoveries – Classical Maya

Americas in 1450

Aztec› Warrior Culture› Religion

Calendar, Sacrifice, Pyramids

Writing in glyphs

› Spoke Nahuatl› Tenochtitlan › Monteczuma› Agriculture

Chinampas

› Trade

Inca› Recovering from Civil

War - Atahualpa› Mita System› Hostage System› Spoke Quechua –

No writing - Quipu

› Religion NO sacrifice, Strongholds,

Mummy bundles, Inti

› Agriculture Terraces

› Trade› Machu Pichu

Video: Millenium on Aztecs; Engineering an Empire

Technologies Sternpost Rudder – China Lateen Sails – Indian Ocean Astrolabe – Arabs Magnetic Compass – China Cartography – Arab experts Mongols used hand-held canons that used GUNPOWDER

Early Modern Period1450 - 1750

European TRADE in Atlantic World, Indian Ocean, China, Japan… Columbian Exchange, Great Dying… Mercantilism: Silver, Cotton, Sugar… Manila GalleonsForced Labor: Atlantic Slavery, Encomienda, Serfdom, Indentured Joint Stock Companies, Commercial Rev.Protestant Reformation Scientific Revolution EnlightenmentTech: Naval Tech, Printing Press, Gunpowder weapons, Engenho…

Gunpowder Empires- Mughal – Akbar, Seikhs- Ottomans - Suleiman- Safavids- Shia- Russia –

- Enlightened Despots- Expansion! Cossacks, Boyars, Serfs.

Columbian ExchangeIncreased populations worldwide

Major New World Crops: – Corn, Potatoes, Tomatoes

Major Old World Contributions:-Domesticated Animals: cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens, horses-Wheat-Rice-Citrus-Bananas-DISEASES!!!!

Canned good projectTriangle Trade

Isolation vs. Westernization: For some, a choice, but not for others…

Isolation › Geography

Americas Russia China & Japan

› Religion Ottoman

Empire Russia China & Japan

› Culture Ottomans, Russia, China & Japan

Global Interaction› Trade

Land v. Sea Western dominance

› Columbian Exchange & Effects

› Conquest› Slavery› Missionaries› Choosing Isolation

Russia – Selective Westernization

China – one port open Japan – closed, except

to Dutch

Westernization? Russia – forced & selective

› Gunpowder weapons, elite culture, math Islamic Empires (Ottomans, Safavids)

› Largely refused Western influence

› Gunpowder weapons› Printing Press late, for Christians› Mughal – did not westernize, but traded with all comers

China – largely refused› Mechanical novelties, some religion at first› Left only port of Canton open, no religion

Japan – closed to West› Some science through Dutch, some guns, no religion

Latin America – no choice! Conquest & colonization!› Exploitation of natural resources, including people. Mercantilism. Manila

Galleons transported Silver. › The Great Dying, replacement by Europeans & Africans› Mixing of Races, stratification of society based on racial pedigree

North America› Colonization, NO mixing of races, shoved native people aside & took over.

Mercantilism.

Forced Labor

Atlantic Slavery› Triangle Trade,

Middle Passage Indentured

Servitude-› Scotl, Engl, Germ.

Indigenous Americans› Mita, Encomienda,

Recomienda

Janissaries› Devshirme

Serfs › Germany› Russia – peasants

became serfs Islamic Slavery

› traditional

Disease Women

Plague in the Old World – › China, Central Asia,

Middle East, Europe› Wiped out 1/3 to ½ in

some societies› Effect?

Great Dying in the New World - › Americas › Wiped out most

indigenous Americans› Effect- Made conquest

EASY

Strong Elite Women› Elizabeth Tudor› Isabella – Spain› Nur Jahan – Mughal› Roxelaine – Ottoman› King Nazinga – Africa

City women worked alongside husband

As population increases, what do we do with unmarried women?! Witchcraft…

Otherwise, no real change

Important Technological Innovation!

GUNPOWDER WEAPONS› Gunpowder Empires – Russia, Ottomans,

Mughal… Ship building

› Europeans: Galleons, Caravels, Peter the Great, Chinese Treasure Ships

› Built on tech from last time period: compass, astrolabe, cartography, Dhows & Junks

› Silk Road takes a back seat to sea trade Printing Press

› Protestant Reformation, Enlightenment› Empowers the people…

Technology used for:

Agriculture, Mining Exploration, conquest, colonization Trade Exploitation

› Atlantic Slave Trade, Manila Galleons› Mercantilism

Wars › Between Europeans, Muslims› Conquest: Americas, Russia, Ottomans,

Mughal

Mughal India Gunpowder Empire Wealthy - long distance trade Sikhism – Guru Nanak Dev- c. 1507 Akbar

› Divine Faith› Religious Tolerance

No pilgrim tax, No jizya, Hindus high in government Married Hindu princesses

› Conquest & Building Fatiphur Sikri – syncretism!

EUROPE:

Renaissance Humanism

Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Brunelleschi, Boticelli… Van Eyck, Durer…

Protestant Reformation› Martin Luther

95 Theses

› Henry VIII Act of Supremecy

› John Calvin Predestination

Counter Reformation› Baroque

PRINTING PRESS!!!

Plague Renaissance Reformation Scientific Revolution Enlightenment Exploration Commercial Revolution Wealthy merchants Want a “say” in Government ….

REASON!

Scientific Revolution› Copernicus› Galileo - 1632› Scientific Method› Sir Isaac Newton

Light, optics Gravity

Deism › God as Watchmaker

Enlightenment› Divine Right of

Kings vs. Social Contract

› Thomas Hobbes, John Locke… Voltaire.

› Enlightened Monarchs

Exploration› Henry the

Navigator, da Gama, Columbus…

› Treaty of TordesillasPrinting Press!

Commercial Revolution Joint Stock Companies

› British East India, Royal Muscovy› VOC

Mercantilism › Sugar & Silver…› Manila Galleons

More people working for MONEY, not food. Cities. Consumerism.

Proto- Industrialization – Putting Out System

INCREASED CONTACT

Spread new ideas› Science & Enlightenment, Reason

Spread technology Exposure to new cultures/ideas

Transformation while refusal stagnation › education, politics, economies, weaponry, travel

Kings & Nation states more powerful › Some parliamentary monarchies in Europe

Religious Conflicts › Reformation, Missions, Inquisition, Wars in Europe

The Long 19th Century

1750 - 1900

Atlantic RevolutionsIndustrial Revolution- agriculture, communication, travel, manufacturingAtlantic Slavery- Height: 1750; End of Slavery – 1830 New Imperialism – India, Southeast Asia, Scramble for AfricaNATIONALISM and desire for POPULAR SOVEREIGNTYJ-ROCCultural Diffusion

Major Theme, 1750 – 1914:

Revolution› State System Nationalism › End of Mercantilism, arrival of

Capitalism› INDEPENDENCE as main motive in

this time period› Overthrow Absolute Monarch› Unifications › Liberalism & Conservatism

End of Serfdom & Slavery› French Rev ends Feudalism, Alexander II of

Russia ends Serfdom.› Industrializing British end slave trade,

ownership, for everyone. › American Civil War ends slavery in US.

Industrial Revolution› Affected EVERYONE! – Ag, Communication,

Transportation, Weaponry!› Second largest change in history! › Those who industrialized Imperialists –

Britain, US, Japan, Germany…

Role of Women

Imperialism› India› Africa – Scramble for Africa, Mandates› China- Unequal Treaties› Japan – Admiral Perry’s Black Ships› Ottoman Empire- Capitulations, Mandates

Decline/ Humiliation / Disappearance of Land-based Empires› Ottoman – Sick Man of Europe. Europeans kept

them alive as buffer between Europe and Russia. Tanzimat Era. Young Ottomans. Young Turks.

› China- Taiping Rebellion, Boxer Rebellion, Self Strengthening Movement, Spheres of Influence

› Meijii Restoration – Industrialization & Empire!

› Russian – Czar freed the serfs in 1742- but nowhere to go. Zemstovs 1864. Industrialized TOO FAST dissatisfaction with Czar Nicholas.

WESTERN DOMINANCE!!

Project: Revolutions Presentations

Project: Is it a Revolution?Atlantic Revolutions - Want Independence

&/or freedom from oppression

American – 1776› Independence: Shot heard round the world› No taxation without representation› Anti-Mercantilism; Enlightenment Ideals

French – 1789› Anti-oppression, Enlightenment Ideals. › Jacobins, Robespierre, Napoleon Bonaparte

Haiti› Independence, Anti-Slavery, › Toussaint L’Ouverture

Mexican – 1810, 1910› 1810 – Independence, Father Hidalgo› 1910 - Land redistribution, US out of Mexico,

More Representative Government - Wanted social change but it did not happen. Pancho Villa & Emiliano Zapata

Boliverian› Simon Bolivar achieved Independence but not

Dream of Gran Columbia› Modern Day Chavez & Morales…

20th Century Revolutions – Want social change, fair access to government

Russian 1917+› Communist- change government,

social change Chinese 1927-59

› Anti-Empire, Communist Peron in Argentina- 1946 – Third Way

› Fascism, workers party, military coup d’etat, anti – English/tradition/Church

Indian Independence › Anti-colonialism, social change,

vivisection creates Pakistan & India Cuban- 1959 – Overthrow dictator, Communist – social reform, end mercantilism & foreign involvement African – Anticolonial, antiapartheid-

› Ghana, Kenya, South Africa Revolutions of 1989

› Prague Spring, Velvet, Poland, Romania, Hungary: Anti-USSR

Iranian – 1979 – Islamist, anti-Western involvement in politics & economy

IndependenceCoup d’etatSocial Change

Industrial Revolution Exchangeable parts & people replace

artisans & their products

Agriculture, Communication, Travel, Warfare:› Telegraph, steam ships, trains,

machine guns! › EVERYONE, Going everywhere, FAST!

› Steel! Mechanization! › Coal, later oil – fossil fuels.

› More food than ever, produced by fewer people than ever, higher population than ever! some people displaced, poorer…

Eli WhitneyHenry FordHenry Bessemer

Industrial Revolution Deeply touches EVERYONE!

› Mass society!› Consumer society!

New Class Structure in Industrialized societies:

› Urban working poor, › Middle Class- Urban- Bourgeoisie› Captains of Industry replace Nobility.

How to Cope with rapid change?› Luddites, Abuse on the job & at home,

Utopian Socialism and Marxism as reactions

Imperialism Justification?

› Economy needs it!› Strategic Reasons. › Take minds off of

horrors of industrial society.

› Industrialized nations need cheap raw materials & markets to sell goods

› Civilizing, Saving› “White Man’s

Burden”

Logical outgrowth of: End of Mercantilism + Industrial Revolution + Nationalism.

Berlin Conference & Scramble for Africa› Von Bismark, Cecil Rhodes. › Boer War, Afrikaaners, Union of

South Africa. Diamonds, gold.

India› Raw materials, Rail Roads & telegraphs,

Anglicizing, Markets to sell finished goods.

› Sepoy Mutiny

China› Opium Wars, Unequal Treaties-

Extraterritoriality. Open Door Policy. Taiping & Boxer Rebellions. Self-strengthening Movement. Spheres of Influence. Corrupt landlord class.

Japan

› In both roles!!› US role: Gun boat diplomacy. Admiral

Perry. Black Boats. Unequal Treaties. › Meiji Restoration industrialization,

Imperialist in China, Russia, Korea, Taiwan…

Other Changes… Ottomans - Sick Man of

Europe.

Europe kept them going to serve as buffer between Russia & Europe. Corrupt Janissaries Destroyed.

Spheres of Influence Capitulations- Extraterritoriality Tanzimat Reforms – some

railroads, telegraphs, secular schools…

Meiji Restoration - 1876

Young Japanese Emperor restores power to emperor› Westernizes Japan› Rapid Industrialization› IMPERIALISM! Military

victories over China & Russia

› Took Korea (Manchukuo) & Taiwan, kicked Russia out of Manchuria, and established own Sphere of Influence there.

Modern World1914 - Present

Ideologies Marxism, Communism, Fascism… Total War World War I World War II Cold War- ContainmentNationalism, Separatism, DecolonizationCivil Rights + Rights for WomenRevolutions of 1989USSR DissolutionGlobal Economy, Great DepressionGlobal Organizations & MovementsReligious Fundamentalism

Communism

Russia› Bolsheviks› Nikolai Lenin

Peace, Land & Bread Vanguard of the Revolution

› Joseph Stalin Purges Five Year Plans Collectivization Stalingrad turns the tide of

World War II Yalta & Potsdam

Conferences

China› Nationalists

Chiang Kai Shek Sun Yat Sen Taiwan

› Communists Mao Tse Tung Long March Agricultural Communism Great Leap Forward Cultural Revolution

World War I WORLD! Total War =

TECHNOLOGICAL WARFARE! All is fair…

Whole society mobilizes mass casualties! Masses as hostages!!

Why fight? › Propaganda› Secret Treaties› Archduke Ferdinand

Trench Warfare, Barbed Wire, Flares, Maxim Guns, Bombs, Mustard Gas, Shell Shock, lost limbs… The horror of “The War to End All Wars”

Wilson’s 14 Points

Treaty of Versailles: Ended WWI & started WWII

› Stab-In-the-Back Myth

Age of Anxiety Freud Einstein Art from between

the wars The Great WORLD Depression

Ottomans Turkey Lost land in WWI

settlement (central power member)

Armenian Genocide.

Mustafa Kemal – Ataturk › Turned back the invading

Greeks› Overthrew Ottoman

Sultan› 1st modern president of

Turkey- 1923› Westernized:

Dress, ie: no Fez Secularized customs Alphabet changed to latin, Parliamentary government

system, Western legal code rather

than Islamic, Wanted Turkey to join Europe.

› Opposition!!!

World War II

Fascism in Spanish Civil War – practice for war – General Franco

Il Duche – Mussolini

Der Fuhrer - Hitler› Lebensraum & Third Reich as result

of strong Nationalism› Brown & Black Shirts› Stab-in-the-Back Myth› Kristallnacht› Nuremberg Rally› Blitzkreig – London’s “Blitz”› Anschluss› The Final Solution – The Holocaust

Emperor Hirohito – Rape of Nanjing.

Allies & Axis powers

Chamberlain/ Churchill, Petain- Vichy, DeGaulle- Resistance; Stalin, Roosevelt/ Truman: The Buck Stops Here.

Battle of Stalingrad- Not one step back! Industry moved to Siberia. Uncle Joe.

American Loans, then American money, then American troops VE Day. Americans froze Japanese assets Pearl Harbor.

Technology – planes, bombs, radar, air raids, radio, movie theatres, Manhattan Project: Atomic Bombs.

Japan› Pearl Harbor, Kamikazee, Atomic

Bomb, Island Hopping, Battle of Midway, VJ-Day

Videos: Triumph of the Will – shots of the Nuremberg Rally; Judgment at Nuremberg; and possibly Night and Fog

De - Colonization India / Pakistan Africa Vietnam

Video: Gandhi Ho Chi Minh

Cold War Period: 2 Super Powers… “Balance of Power”

USA› Truman Doctrine› Containment: Iron

Curtain Speech – Churchill

› Nixon – Kruschev & Kitchen Debates

› JFK – Bay of Pigs Invasion, Cuban Missile Crisis (Brinksmanship!), Race to the Moon

› Reagan Star Wars missiles Fall of Berlin Wall

USSR› Iron Curtain Speech -

Churchill› Sputnik› Brezhnev Doctrine Gorbacev DÉTENTE› SALT Talks› Gorbacev, Yeltsin› Glasnost - opening› Perestroika -

restructuring› Deterrence: MUTUAL ASSURED DESTRUCTION

Dissolution of Eastern Bloc Poland – Solidarity,

Lech Walesa Hungary Czechoslovakia-

Prague Spring, Velvet Revolution

Romania Bulgaria East Germany – Wall

came down Dissolution of USSR

China

1976 Mao died Deng modernized

› agriculture, › industry, › science, › technology, & national

defense. 'It does not matter

whether a cat is black or white as long as it catches mice'. › Refers to state-control

verses free market economics.

June 4, 1989 –Tiananmen Square Massacre

Discontent with the restructuring of the economy

Anger at corruption – Death of a popular

politician Students studied

abroad, brought back ideas…

Ai Wei Wei, Dissident?

Arab Spring Tunisia Egypt – Mubarak Libya – Gadhafi Yemen Syria

› Government repressing revolution

Saudi Arabia› Women trying to

get the vote

ONE Super Power = NO Super POWER?

Instability Policeman to the world? Global Economy Global warming & Green

Concerns Rogue States Terrorism NGO’s – positive & negative What next???

Video: Islamist Movement

What happens next is in your hands.

Good Luck on the APWH Exam