APUSH APUSH ReviewReview

Causes and Effects of Causes and Effects of American WarsAmerican Wars

French and Indian War French and Indian War History / CausesHistory / Causes

King Williams War 1689-1697King Williams War 1689-1697 Queen Anne’s War 1702-1713Queen Anne’s War 1702-1713

English unsuccessful to capture QuebecEnglish unsuccessful to capture Quebec Native Americans support by French burn Native Americans support by French burn

British frontier settlementsBritish frontier settlements QA War, British gain Nova Scotia from France QA War, British gain Nova Scotia from France

and trade rights with Spanish Americaand trade rights with Spanish America

History / Causes History / Causes continuedcontinued

King George War 1744-1748King George War 1744-1748 J. Ogelthorpe led colonial army to attack J. Ogelthorpe led colonial army to attack

and guard against Spanish attacksand guard against Spanish attacks New Englanders capture access to St. New Englanders capture access to St.

Lawrence River (later B exchanges for Lawrence River (later B exchanges for India gains)India gains)

French head south from Canada to French head south from Canada to Pennsylvania to prevent British expansionPennsylvania to prevent British expansion

Causes, War comes to Causes, War comes to coloniescolonies

1.1. British feel French provoke war as they build British feel French provoke war as they build forts in Ohio River Valleyforts in Ohio River Valley

Wealthy NE/VA own land, Ohio Company and Wealthy NE/VA own land, Ohio Company and sent Washington to warn French to leave, build sent Washington to warn French to leave, build Fort DusquesneFort Dusquesne

French purpose to stop British settlements French purpose to stop British settlements moving further Westmoving further West

Washing forced to surrender at Fort NecessityWashing forced to surrender at Fort Necessity Albany Plan 1754 to recruit troops, tax, promote Albany Plan 1754 to recruit troops, tax, promote

defense (B. Franklin and T. Hutchinson), gift defense (B. Franklin and T. Hutchinson), gift Indians (1st attempt of unity failed)Indians (1st attempt of unity failed)

William Pitt capture Quebec as new prime William Pitt capture Quebec as new prime minister for victory over Franceminister for victory over France

Effects French and Indian Effects French and Indian WarWar

Treaty of Paris 1763Treaty of Paris 1763 B gain French Canada and Spanish FloridaB gain French Canada and Spanish Florida France gave Spain land west of MississippiFrance gave Spain land west of Mississippi Britain navy dominates North AmericaBritain navy dominates North America France keeps islands Guadelupe and MartiniqueFrance keeps islands Guadelupe and Martinique Colonial pride in wars, and develop confidence, Colonial pride in wars, and develop confidence,

plus are less impressed with British leadership and plus are less impressed with British leadership and military methodsmilitary methods

British low opinion of colonial military effort, feel British low opinion of colonial military effort, feel need to contribute more money and defend new need to contribute more money and defend new frontier better so abandon Salutary Neglect! frontier better so abandon Salutary Neglect!

British need for money as war costlyBritish need for money as war costly

Pontiac Rebellion 1763Pontiac Rebellion 1763

Proclamation Line 1763Proclamation Line 1763

American Revolution CausesAmerican Revolution Causes Financial influenceFinancial influence

Sugar ActSugar Act

Stamp Act… direct taxStamp Act… direct tax

TownshendTownshend

Tea ActTea Act

Patrick Henry taxation w/o representationPatrick Henry taxation w/o representation

John Dickinson parliament to regulate trade, but not taxJohn Dickinson parliament to regulate trade, but not tax

James Otis / Samuel Adams circular letters to petition James Otis / Samuel Adams circular letters to petition Parliament to repeal lawsParliament to repeal laws

American Revolution CausesAmerican Revolution Causes

Colonial RightsColonial Rights Quarter ActQuarter Act Declaratory ActDeclaratory Act Boston MassacreBoston Massacre Coercive / Intolerable ActsCoercive / Intolerable Acts Quebec ActQuebec Act First Continental CongressFirst Continental Congress

American Revolution CausesAmerican Revolution Causes

PhilosophyPhilosophy John Locke, Thomas Paine January 1776John Locke, Thomas Paine January 1776 Olive Branch Petition July 1775Olive Branch Petition July 1775 Declaration of Independence July 1776Declaration of Independence July 1776 Patriots v. Loyalists (undecided)Patriots v. Loyalists (undecided) Alliance with France.. SaratogaAlliance with France.. Saratoga

American Revolution EffectsAmerican Revolution Effects

Treaty of Paris 1783Treaty of Paris 1783 Britain recognize US independenceBritain recognize US independence Mississippi River is western Mississippi River is western

boundary for USAboundary for USA Spanish Florida is southern Spanish Florida is southern

boundaryboundary Americans to pay debt owed British Americans to pay debt owed British

merchantsmerchants Americans honor loyalist claims for Americans honor loyalist claims for

propertyproperty Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation Land Ordinance 1785, 1787Land Ordinance 1785, 1787 Financial debt… Shay’s rebellion Financial debt… Shay’s rebellion

Causes War of 1812Causes War of 1812

Madison opens trade with B and F, and if Madison opens trade with B and F, and if either country interferes he would cut off either country interferes he would cut off tradetrade

France / Napolean agree, Britain increases France / Napolean agree, Britain increases harassmentharassment

Declaration of War on England overDeclaration of War on England over ImpressmentImpressment War Hawks eager to gain land H. Clay / J. C. CalhounWar Hawks eager to gain land H. Clay / J. C. Calhoun NationalismNationalism Desire to rid of British in WestDesire to rid of British in West

Effects War of 1812Effects War of 1812

Natives had sided with British… Natives had sided with British… Tecumseh, lost momentumTecumseh, lost momentum

Hartford Convention ended Federalist Hartford Convention ended Federalist party, opposed war, traitorous, war party, opposed war, traitorous, war ended crisesended crises

US unprepared for war, capitol burned, US unprepared for war, capitol burned, but most battles a stalemate, battle New but most battles a stalemate, battle New Orleans victory but after war endedOrleans victory but after war ended

Treaty of Ghent 1814…status quoTreaty of Ghent 1814…status quo

Causes Mexican WarCauses Mexican War

Dispute over southern boundaryDispute over southern boundary

Polk sends John Slidell to Mexico to Polk sends John Slidell to Mexico to purchase NM and CA and attempt to solve purchase NM and CA and attempt to solve border issue… failsborder issue… fails

Effects Mexican WarEffects Mexican War

Treaty of Guadelupe Hidalgo 1848Treaty of Guadelupe Hidalgo 1848 Rio Grand is the recognized borderRio Grand is the recognized border US gains CA, NM/UT territoryUS gains CA, NM/UT territory US paid Mexico $15 million and assumed US paid Mexico $15 million and assumed

the claims by American citizensthe claims by American citizens

Causes of the Civil WarCauses of the Civil War

Compromise 1850Compromise 1850

Uncle Tom’s CabinUncle Tom’s Cabin

Kansas Nebraska ActKansas Nebraska Act

Personal Liberty Laws (to weaken Fugitive slave laws)Personal Liberty Laws (to weaken Fugitive slave laws)

Politics… Free Soilers, Know Nothing, Democrats, republicansPolitics… Free Soilers, Know Nothing, Democrats, republicans

Bleeding KansasBleeding Kansas

Dred Scott decisionDred Scott decision

John BrownJohn Brown

Lincoln wins 1860 electionLincoln wins 1860 election

Fort SumterFort Sumter

Border StatesBorder States

Effects of the Civil WarEffects of the Civil War

Emancipation Proclamation led to Amendments 13, 14, 15Emancipation Proclamation led to Amendments 13, 14, 15

Draft Riots.. Poor man’s fightDraft Riots.. Poor man’s fight

Bonds paid for war, increase tariffs, excise taxes, paper moneyBonds paid for war, increase tariffs, excise taxes, paper money

Northern industry grewNorthern industry grew

Western expansionWestern expansion Homestead actHomestead act Morill Land grantMorill Land grant Transcontinental RRTranscontinental RR

Reconstruction…Lincoln assassinationReconstruction…Lincoln assassination

Republican influence in both houses… Wave the Bloody ShirtRepublican influence in both houses… Wave the Bloody Shirt

Causes of Spanish American WarCauses of Spanish American War

Cuban Revolt to Spanish… Butcher WeylerCuban Revolt to Spanish… Butcher Weyler

JingoismJingoism

Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism Hearst and PulitzerHearst and Pulitzer

DeLome letterDeLome letter

USS Maine sinkingUSS Maine sinking

Effects of the Spanish American Effects of the Spanish American WarWar

Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris Cuba independentCuba independent US gains Puerto RicoUS gains Puerto Rico US gains GuamUS gains Guam US gains PhilippinesUS gains Philippines

Platt Amendment after TellerPlatt Amendment after Teller

Philippine InsurrectionPhilippine Insurrection

Insular casesInsular cases

Causes World War OneCauses World War One

European ActionsEuropean Actions Gravilo Precip assassinates Ferdinand / Sophia AustriaGravilo Precip assassinates Ferdinand / Sophia Austria Austria declare war on SerbiaAustria declare war on Serbia Russia declare war on AustriaRussia declare war on Austria Germany declare was on RussiaGermany declare was on Russia Britain and France declare war on GermanyBritain and France declare war on Germany

USA ends neutralityUSA ends neutrality LusitaniaLusitania SussexSussex ArabicArabic Zimmerman NoteZimmerman Note

Ethnicity in America, desire for peaceEthnicity in America, desire for peace

Effects World War OneEffects World War One Peace Efforts with Wilson 14 PointsPeace Efforts with Wilson 14 Points

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles Big FourBig Four Harsh treatment to GermanyHarsh treatment to Germany USA not in League… Lodge reservationsUSA not in League… Lodge reservations

Irreconcilables would not accept league Irreconcilables would not accept league membership no matter how it was writtenmembership no matter how it was written

Reservationists would accept league if Reservationists would accept league if certain reservations were writtencertain reservations were written

Wilson refuse to compromise, senate reject Wilson refuse to compromise, senate reject the treatythe treaty

Postwar problemsPostwar problems Farm prices fell, job problemsFarm prices fell, job problems Red Scare, Palmer RaidsRed Scare, Palmer Raids Race riots / labor strikesRace riots / labor strikes

Causes World War TwoCauses World War Two Post World War 1 problems… WW1 key eventPost World War 1 problems… WW1 key event

Kellogg Briand Pact 1928Kellogg Briand Pact 1928

Hoover Stimson Doctrine 1931Hoover Stimson Doctrine 1931

USA desire for isolation… LindbergUSA desire for isolation… Lindberg

Good Neighbor PolicyGood Neighbor Policy

Reciprocal trade AgreementReciprocal trade Agreement

Neutrality LegislationNeutrality Legislation

Cash and Carry (Nye)Cash and Carry (Nye)

Quarantine Aggressor SpeechQuarantine Aggressor Speech

PanayPanay

Lend LeaseLend Lease

Economic Sanctions (Atlantic Conference)Economic Sanctions (Atlantic Conference)

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor

Effects Homefront WW2Effects Homefront WW2

NAACP - Double VNAACP - Double V

Exec order 8802 fair employmentExec order 8802 fair employment

Rosie the Riveter… WASPRosie the Riveter… WASP

GI BillGI Bill

Japanese Internment Exec Order 9066Japanese Internment Exec Order 9066 Korematsu v. US 1944Korematsu v. US 1944

CPUSA Joe Peters, Whittacker ChambersCPUSA Joe Peters, Whittacker Chambers Alger HissAlger Hiss Ethel Julius RosenbergEthel Julius Rosenberg McCarthyismMcCarthyism

Effects World War TwoEffects World War Two

Yalta Conference February 1945Yalta Conference February 1945

Potsdam Conference 1945Potsdam Conference 1945

Cold WarCold War

Atomic WeaponsAtomic Weapons

United NationsUnited Nations

CIACIA

Iron Curtain… Cold WarIron Curtain… Cold War

Aid / Doctrines to stop communismAid / Doctrines to stop communism

National Security CouncilNational Security Council

Causes Korean WarCauses Korean War

Postdam Conference Korea claimed liberty for Postdam Conference Korea claimed liberty for independenceindependence 1948 South votes Syngman Rhee “Republic”1948 South votes Syngman Rhee “Republic” 1948 North votes Kim Yoon Sum as “People Republic of 1948 North votes Kim Yoon Sum as “People Republic of

Korea”Korea”

China / Soviets support North and USA support China / Soviets support North and USA support South… cold war at 38th ParallelSouth… cold war at 38th Parallel

NK took over Seoul SK to begin war June 25, NK took over Seoul SK to begin war June 25, 19501950

Cease fire negotiations, China and SU want out Cease fire negotiations, China and SU want out of war… $$of war… $$

Effects Korean WarEffects Korean War

Truman and McArthur battle over use of full Truman and McArthur battle over use of full out war / nuclearout war / nuclear

Eisenhower PresidentEisenhower President

Korea remain divided, March 6, 1953 war Korea remain divided, March 6, 1953 war overover

Cold War continuesCold War continues

Vietnam War CausesVietnam War Causes

Cold WarCold War

Communism and IndochinaCommunism and Indochina

Vietnam Divided 17th parallelVietnam Divided 17th parallel South DiemSouth Diem North Ho Chi MinhNorth Ho Chi Minh

Ike, JFK… military advisorsIke, JFK… military advisors

LBJ Gulf of TonkinLBJ Gulf of Tonkin

Operation Rolling ThunderOperation Rolling Thunder

Effects Vietnam WarEffects Vietnam War

1968 Tet Offensive1968 Tet Offensive

Nixon PresidentNixon President

VietnamizationVietnamization

Amendment 26Amendment 26

Distrust of US governmentDistrust of US government Pentagon Papers.. Daniel EllsburgPentagon Papers.. Daniel Ellsburg Mai LaiMai Lai Kent StateKent State CambodiaCambodia LaosLaos

South Vietnam falls to communism 1975South Vietnam falls to communism 1975