0

41,4

0

41,4

0

Hintergrundfarbe ändern:

Platzhalter auswählen

dann über Menü:

Format | Fülleffekt |

Benutzerdefinierte Farbe

auswählen

21,0

0

21,0

0

Hintergrundfarbe ändern:

Platzhalter auswählen

dann über Menü:

Format | Fülleffekt |

Benutzerdefinierte Farbe

auswählen

58,80

58,80

Folie in Ursprungsform bringen über Menu:

Start | Folien | Zurücksetzen

Weitere Formatierungen über Menu:

Start | Absatz | Listenebene

erhöhen/verringern

Unbedingt angeben:

Quellenangabe Foto

(direkt in das Feld oder über Menü:

Einfügen | Kopf- und Fußzeile)

Logo einfügen über den Bild Button

(Grafik aus Datei einfügen)

– ggf. Größe anpassen –

wenn nicht benötigt,

Platzhalter löschen

Digital and Offset Printing (Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Jung) Dipl.-Ing. Kirsten Radermacher, M.Sc., nee Nahrgang radermacher@uni-wuppertal.de

Print and Media Technologies

Department E

Foto

: N

am

e F

oto

gra

f

Foto

: N

am

e F

oto

gra

f

Kirsten Radermacher

References

[1] K. Radermacher, U. Jung and M.J. Marzinkowski (2013). A life cycle approach to environmental aspects in the printing and packaging industry. In: Enlund, N. and Lovrecek, M., editors, Advances in Print

and Media Technology, vol. 40, Darmstadt: IARIGAI, pp. 169-177. ISBN 978-3-9812704-4-0.

[2] K. Radermacher, U. Jung and M.J. Marzinkowski (2013). Analysis of life cycle impact assessment methods for products in the printing and packaging industry. In: Technical University of Chemnitz,

editor, Proceedings, pp. 191-196, Berlin. VWB Verlag für Wissenschaft und Bildung. ISBN 978-3-86135-624-0.

[3] K. Radermacher, U. Jung and M.J. Marzinkowski (2014). Life cycle analysis of laminating films for the printing and packaging industry using a Multi-level approach. (Submitted to ‘Journal of Print and

Media Research’ for reviewing)

INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS

Presentation und conclusion

MAIN OBJECTIVE:

APPROACH FOR THE LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCTS IN THE PRINTING AND PACKAGING INDUSTRY

using the example of gloss coatings for cardboard packages

Approach to environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

in the printing and packaging industry

IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Analysis of impact assessment methods

PRODUCT SYSTEM

Glossy coated cardboard packages

Photo

: K

irste

n R

aderm

ach

er,

2014

INVENTORY ANALYSIS

Production of UV coated printing products

Photo

: K

irste

n R

aderm

ach

er,

2011

Fig. 2: Coating production with the UV sheetfed press ‘SM52-4+L Anicolor‘ of ‘Heidelberger

Druckmaschinen AG‘ in the printing laboratory (Campus Freudenberg, building FL)

In the phase of the impact assessment, emissions are

assigned to different impact categories (Fig. 4), eg. CO2

emissions are assigned to the global warming potential.

The impact of each category is calculated by using effect

factors for the substances (Fig. 5). Depending on the

choice of the impact assessment method the LCA results

could be fundamentally different (Fig. 6).

1 Application of

high varnishes

onto a printing

product by rollers

and curing with

ultraviolet light 2 Merging of prints

and coating films

and fixing with

polyurethane-

based adhesives

Research activities are concentated on printed cardboard

packages, which are glossy coated to add further properties of

quality and protection. Different technologies could be applied, eg.

the UV coating in the sheetfed printing process1 and the wet

laminating process2.

UV coating unit

INPUT

Printing products

UV varnish

Energy

OUTPUT

Emissions

Coated products

waste

Infrastructure

Transports

Documentation of inputs/outputs

RESULT I

Data uncertainty occurs in models based on the data collection and measurement procedures.

These are caused by (a) the conditions of the production process, (b) the proceedings in the

data collection (measurements/assumptions) and (c) the choice of the impact assessment

method. The data uncertainty could be crucial for the interpretation of LCA results [1, 3] and

should be reported in a LCA study.

𝑊𝑃𝐶 = 𝐸𝐹𝐶,𝑖 ∙ 𝑚𝑖𝑖

with:

𝑊𝑃𝐶 … Potential of impact category C

𝐸𝐹𝐶,𝑖 … Effect factor of substance i und impact category C

𝑚𝑖 … Mass of substance i

Emissions to air

Photochemical oxidation

Stratospheric ozone depletion

Global warming

Emissions to soil

Terrestrial ecotoxicity

Eutrophication

Acidification

Emissions to water

Aquatic ecotoxicity

Eutrophication

Acidification

superordinate

Human toxicity

in cooperation with Saftey Engineering, Environmental Chemistry (Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Joachim M. Marzinkowski)

Further support by

companies of the printing and packaging industry

Note:

The diagrams shown are part of a

life cycle study. Here, they should

be seen as an example for the

presentation of the research

activities of the department. The

statements about the

environmental performance of

coating films are presented in

paper [1] and [3].

Fig. 1: Example of a cardboard packaging for cosmetics Fig. 3: Listing of process types to be documented in the

phase of inventory assessment.

Fig. 5: Formula for the impact calculation

Fig. 4: Grouping of impact categories concerning their main emission origin

RESULTS II

The method for the impact assessment could differentiate from

others. The reasons for this are (a) the basic methodology, (b)

the substances considered, (c) the effect factors and (d) the

data source [2].

Due to the inclusion of several impact categories, a

comprehensive assessment of environmental performance of

products could be reached.

Fig. 6: The comparative analysis of the impact assessment methods CML und EDIP

show differences in the LCA results for the polypropylene-based coating film [2]

Fig. 7: Part of a LCA study regarding to laminating films

[3]

RESULT III

In the interpretation phase, the LCA results are analyzed and

checked if there is really a difference in the product comparison. A

Monte Carlo simulation with eg. 10,000 interations could be

applied to the LCA results to quantify the data uncertainty.

CARDBOARD

PACKAGE

Gloss coating

OFFSET PRESS

KLICK

HERE KLICK

HERE