AP Environmental ScienceAP Environmental Science

Why is water important?Why is water important?

Water CompartmentsWater Compartments

Water Distribution/ Water CycleWater Distribution/ Water Cycle

Where in the World would you Where in the World would you find a Haai, a Rob and a find a Haai, a Rob and a

Jackass?Jackass?

Submit answers tomorrow and I Submit answers tomorrow and I will draw a winnerwill draw a winner

Water: The most important Water: The most important molecule?molecule?

Medium in which all life processes occurMedium in which all life processes occur Universal Solvent-Universal Solvent- Water dissolves Water dissolves

nutrients and delivers it to your cellsnutrients and delivers it to your cells– Regulates body temperatureRegulates body temperature– Removes wastesRemoves wastes– Supports structuresSupports structures– 60% of your body is water60% of your body is water

Major Water CompartmentsMajor Water Compartments

Notes for pages 426-429Notes for pages 426-429

Water DistributionWater Distribution

Oceans 97.6%Oceans 97.6% Fresh water 2.4%Fresh water 2.4%

Freshwater DistributionFreshwater Distribution (out of 100% of available (out of 100% of available freshwater)freshwater)

Glaciers, ice and snow or Glaciers, ice and snow or ““solid” water (68%)solid” water (68%)

Ground water (30%)Ground water (30%) Lakes streams and Lakes streams and

rivers(2%)rivers(2%) Soil Moisture (.001%)Soil Moisture (.001%) Atmosphere 0.001 % of Atmosphere 0.001 % of

total water supplytotal water supply

Water CycleWater Cycle

There is some new stuff!There is some new stuff!

Water Cycle TermsWater Cycle Terms

EvaporationEvaporation-The process in which a liquid is -The process in which a liquid is changed into a gas (SURFACE WATERS)changed into a gas (SURFACE WATERS)

TranspirationTranspiration- the process of water moving - the process of water moving from plants to atmosphere via photosynthesisfrom plants to atmosphere via photosynthesis

SublimationSublimation-The process of going from a -The process of going from a solid to a gas without ever becoming a liquidsolid to a gas without ever becoming a liquid

(GLACIERS)(GLACIERS)

SublimationSublimationThis is a picture of dry ice (frozen CO2) sublimating.

Condensation- Condensation- Water Water changes from gas to a changes from gas to a liquid (cooling) liquid (cooling)

Dew PointDew Point -For a -For a given amount of water given amount of water vapor, the temperature vapor, the temperature at which condensation at which condensation occursoccurs

Condensation Nuclei-Condensation Nuclei- Tiny particles float in Tiny particles float in the air and facilitate the air and facilitate condensationcondensation

http://www.water.utah.gov/cloudseeding/

TermsTerms

Residence Time-Residence Time- amount of time an amount of time an individual water molecule spends circulating individual water molecule spends circulating in a body of water before it enters another in a body of water before it enters another phase of the hydrological cycle phase of the hydrological cycle

The residence time of a water molecule in The residence time of a water molecule in the ocean is about 3000 yearsthe ocean is about 3000 years

GroundwaterGroundwater

http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/groundwater/index.htmldiagrams/groundwater/index.html

TermsTerms

InfiltrationInfiltration- gravity pulls water downward - gravity pulls water downward through spaces in soil and rockthrough spaces in soil and rock

Zone of Aeration-Zone of Aeration- upper layer of soil that upper layer of soil that holds both air and waterholds both air and water

Zone of Saturation-Zone of Saturation- lower layers of soil that lower layers of soil that has water filling every available spacehas water filling every available space

TermsTerms

AquifersAquifers- porous layer of sand, gravel, or - porous layer of sand, gravel, or rock lying below the water tablerock lying below the water table

Artesian well or spring-Artesian well or spring- type of aquifer in type of aquifer in which the water is highly pressurized. If it is which the water is highly pressurized. If it is piped or exposed at the surface it will gush piped or exposed at the surface it will gush without being pumpedwithout being pumped

Recharge zone-Recharge zone- area of infiltration that area of infiltration that continuously supplies the aquifercontinuously supplies the aquifer

Water DistributionWater Distribution

More than 70% of the earth’s surface is More than 70% of the earth’s surface is waterwater

There are more than 1404 million cubic km There are more than 1404 million cubic km or 370 billion gallons on earthor 370 billion gallons on earth

Theories on how water first got to our planet Theories on how water first got to our planet are a bit controversialare a bit controversial

Rainfall and TopographyRainfall and Topography

Mountains act as both cloud formers and rain Mountains act as both cloud formers and rain catcherscatchers

Windward side of mountains- as the air sweeps up Windward side of mountains- as the air sweeps up the mountain it is heavy with water, then it cools the mountain it is heavy with water, then it cools and rains outand rains out

Leeward Side of mountains- all of the moisture Leeward Side of mountains- all of the moisture was left on the other side of the mountain, so it is was left on the other side of the mountain, so it is dry. As it falls to a lower altitude it warmsdry. As it falls to a lower altitude it warms

Rain Shadow-dry area on the downwind side of Rain Shadow-dry area on the downwind side of the mountainthe mountain

Rain ShadowRain Shadow

Desert BeltsDesert Belts

Created by rising and falling air masses that Created by rising and falling air masses that result from global circulation patternsresult from global circulation patterns

Hot air rises at the equator, producing a lot Hot air rises at the equator, producing a lot of precipitation in the region (tropical rain of precipitation in the region (tropical rain forests)forests)

As the air mass travels toward the poles the As the air mass travels toward the poles the air is cooler and dryer, creating desert belts.air is cooler and dryer, creating desert belts.

Distribution of DesertsDistribution of Deserts