AP Biology

Biotechnology Part 2Genetics of Bacteria

Bacterial “size”

Prokaryote Structure

Bacterial genome

Theta Replication

Origin ofreplication

Replication fork

Termination of replication

Transformation

Transduction

A+

Phage DNA

A+

Donorcell

B+

A+

B+

Crossingover

A+

A– B–

Recipientcell

A+ B–

Recombinant cell

.

Sex pilus 5 µm

DNA transfer“Conjugation”

Barbara McClintock Maize

Transposon -Composite

53

35

Transposon

Insertion sequence

Insertion sequence

Antibioticresistance gene

Transposase geneInverted repeat

Transposons

Operon Regulation

Promoter Promoter

DNA trpR

Regulatorygene

RNApolymerase

mRNA

3

5

Protein Inactiverepressor

Tryptophan absent, repressor inactive, operon on

mRNA 5

trpE trpD trpC trpB trpA

OperatorStart codonStop codon

trp operon

Genes of operon

E

Polypeptides that make upenzymes for tryptophan synthesis

D C B A

Repressor Operon

Operon Repressor

DNA

Protein

Tryptophan(corepressor)

Tryptophan present, repressor active, operon off

mRNA

Activerepressor

No RNA made

Inducer Operon