Ž .Fitoterapia 72 2001 428�430

Short report

Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity ofZanthoxylum budrunga

A. Islama, A. Sayeeda, M.S.A. Bhuiyanb,�, M.A.Mosaddikb, M.A.U. Islamc, G.R.M. Astaq Mondal Khand

aDepartment of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Technology. Uni�ersity of Rajshahi, Rajshahi,Bangladesh

bDepartment of Pharmacy, Uni�ersity of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, BangladeshcOpen School, Bangladesh Open Uni�ersity, Gazipur, Bangladesh

dBCSIR, Rajshashi, Bangladesh

Received 2 October 2000; accepted in revised form 5 December 2000

Abstract

The petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts of the leaves and barks ofZanthoxylum budrunga have been evaluated for their antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxicproperties. � 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Zanthoxylum budrunga; Antimicrobial activity; Cytotoxicity

Ž . � � � �Plant. Zanthoxylum budrunga Wall. Rutaceae 1,2 , a moderate size tree 3,4found to grow wild, leaves and barks were collected from Tangail Hill, Bangladesh,in October 1997 and identified by Prof. A.T.M. Naderuzzaman, Department ofBotany, University of Rajshahi where a voucher specimen has been deposited.

Uses in traditional medicine. The aqueous extract of the leaves has a folkloric� �reputation for treating dyspepsia and some forms of diarrhea 5 . The bark juice is

� �used in dysentery, cough, headache and vomiting 5 .

� � � �Previously isolated classes of constituents. Volatile compounds 6 , alkaloids 7�9 ,� �and monoterpenes 10 .

� Corresponding author.Ž .E-mail address: rajucc@citecho.net M.S.A. Bhuiyan .

0367-326X�01�$ - see front matter � 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Ž .PII: S 0 3 6 7 - 3 2 6 X 0 0 0 0 3 3 6 - 1

( )A. Islam et al. � Fitoterapia 72 2001 428�430 429

Table 1aYields and phytochemical screening of Zanthoxylum budrunga extracts

Ž .Plant parts Extracts Yield % Steroids Glycosides Flavonoids Alkaloids

Leaves MeOH 1.82 � � � �

CHCl 2.03 � � � �3Petrol 3.04 �� � � �

Barks MeOH 1.22 � �� � �

CHCl 2.45 � � �� �3Petrol 2.26 �� � � �

a�, not detected; �, trace; ��, high concentration.

Tested materials. Successive petroleum ether, CHCl and MeOH cold extracts3from dried leaves and barks. Yields and results of the phytochemical screening� �11,12 are given in Table 1.

Studied activity. Antibacterial and antifungal activity by disc diffusion method� � Ž . � �13�15 . Cytotoxicity by Artemia salina Brine shrimp lethality 16 .

Table 2aAntibacterial and antifungal activity of Zanthoxylum budrunga extracts

Bacteria StandardsLeaves BarksKanamycinPE CE ME PE CE ME

Bacillus cereus 12 16 11 14 21 12 23Bacillus subtilis 10 15 9 13 19 11 26Bacillus megaterium � � � 10 13 12 29Staphylococcus aureus 13 18 10 11 14 10 27Streptococcus �-hemolyticus 10 12 � � � � 25Escherichia coli 15 18 12 16 20 11 27Shigella dysenteriae 14 20 12 15 19 14 26Shigella shiga � � � 10 13 11 21Shigella flexneriae 11 13 10 12 15 13 27Shigella sonnei 9 11 � � � � 24Shigella boydii 10 12 9 10 13 12 25Klebsiella sp. 10 14 � 13 14 � 18

Fungi ClotrimazoleAspergillus fumigatus 10 12 10 10 11 9 22Aspergillus niger � � � � � � 23Candida albicans � � � � � � 20Hensinela californica 10 11 9 12 14 8 23Rhizopus orizae 10 12 10 9 11 8 26Rizopus oligosporum � � � � � � 24Schizosporum sp. 9 11 8 10 10 7 21Saccharomyces cere�isiae � � � � � � 23

a Ž .Values are zone of inhibition diameter mmm . PE, petroleum ether extract; CE, chloroformextract; ME, methanol extract; �, no inhibition. Tested concentrations: extracts, 200 �g�disc; kanamycin,30 �g�disc; clotrimazole, 20 �g�disc.

( )A. Islam et al. � Fitoterapia 72 2001 428�430430

Table 3Cytotoxity of Zanthoxylum budrunga extracts

2Ž .Plant parts Extracts LC ppm 95% Confidence limits � value50Ž .ppm

Leaves Petrol 56.41 33.54�94.72 0.025CHCl 30.92 18.34�52.10 0.2883

Barks MeOH 33.44 19.42�57.61 0.345Petrol 68.43 39.05�119.92 0.860CHCl 28.42 16.83�47.99 0.0323MeOH 21.12 10.80�41.28 0.108

� �Reference Gallic acid 17 4.53 3.33�6.15 1.25

Used microorganisms. Listed in Table 2.

Ž .Results. Reported in Table 2 antibacterial and antifungal activity and Table 3Ž .cytotoxicity .

Conclusions. Among the tested extracts of Z. budrunga, the chloroform extract ofthe barks showed the more potent antibacterial and antifungal activity, while themost significant cytotoxic activity was found in methanol extract of barks. Theseresults may provide a justification to some traditional uses of the plant.

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