anti-slavery almanac of 1842
DESCRIPTION
Anti-Slavery Almanac of 1842TRANSCRIPT
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Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2011 with funding from
Associates of the Boston Public Library / The Boston Foundation
http://www.archive.org/details/americanantislav1842chil
—VOL. II.—NO. 1.—
THE
AMERICAN ANTI-SLAVERY
4 11MAI.1C,FOR
184 2.CALCULATED FOR THE HORIZON AND MERIDIAN OF BOSTON, NEW YORK,
BALTIMO^:, AND CHARLESTON: AND FOR USE IN."' -^tERT PA*RT OF THE COUNTRY.
• NEW YORK:
PUBLISHED BY S. W. BENEDICT,12S. FULTON STREET.
Price $23 00 per 1000;$3 00 per hundred,
/TPCes , 5579 (iZfS)AMERICAN ANTI-SLAVERY ALMANAC.
%* For the calculations of this Almanac we are indebted to the Christian Alma-
nae for 1842.
Note.—Use the Calendar under the State in which you reside, and the corres-
ponding column of Moon 's Phases at the top of the page, and no calendar can be
more simple or convenient.
Eclipses in 1842.I. Three Eclipses of the Sun—At the time of New Moon, in January, July,
and December, all invisible in the United States. (1.) Jan. 11, annular at the southpole ; visible in South Africa ; central and annular in long. W. from Greenwich,57° 28' ; S. lat. 88° 41'. (2.) July 8, will be central and total E. long. 77° 27', N.lat. 51° 47', and pass central and total through Europe and Asia. At London, 9.61
digits eclipsed on sun's south limb. (3.) Dec. 31, visible throughout South Americaand New Zealand ; centrai and annular, W. long. 104° 21', S. lat. 33° 18'.
II. Two Eclipses of the Moon.—(1.) Jan. 26, at the time of Full Moon, in-
visible in America ; visible in nearly the whole Eastern hemisphere. (2.) Eclipse
of the Moon on Friday, July 22, morning ; invisible at Boston and New- York, but
visible as follows
:
PLACES. Beginning. Middle. Moon Sets.Duration ofvisibility.
Digits Ecl'dat setting.
H. M. h. m. H. M. H. MDetroit, 4 14 ... 4 44 30 2.38Philadelphia, 4 44 ... 4 49 05 0.45Baltimore, 4 38 ... 4 51 13 1.08
Pittsburgh. 4 25 . . . 4 49 24 1.97
Charleston, 4 25 ... 5 08 43 2.96
Cincinnati, 4 07 . . . 4 53 46 3.06
Nashville, 3 58 5 01 5 01 1 03 3.45
Mobile, 3 51 4 54 5 14 1 23 3.08
St. Louis, 3 45 4 48 4 55 1 10 3.35
New Orleans, 3 44 4 47 5 16 1 32 2.67
Natchez, 3 39 4 42 5 12 1 33 2.62
Magnitude of the Eclip se at the middle, 3.456 digit s on the southern limb.
fpf The Calendar page in this Almanac is adapted for nse in every part of the
United States. It is based on the fact, that, in the same Latitude, that is, onalinerunning due East and West, the Sun and Moon rise and set at the same viomentbythe clock or Almanac, not only throughout the United States, but around the world
—
the variations being so small as to be of no importance for ordinary purposes. Thus,if on any day the sun rises at Boston at five minutes past six, it rises at five minutespast six on the same line of latitude westward throughout the States of Massachu-setts, New-York, and Michigan, and so on to the Pacific Ocean.Hence, a Calendar adapted to Boston for New-England, is equally adapted, as
to the rising and setting of the sun and moon, for use in Northern New-York andMichigan. A Calendar for New-York city is adapted for use in the States of Penn-sylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. A Calendar for Baltimore is adapted for
Virginia, Kentucky, and Missouri. And a Calendar for Charleston will answer for
North Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama, and Louisiana.Wherever, then, the reader may reside, by looking for the State at the top of the
Calendar page, he will find underneath the rising and setting of the sun and moonsufficiently accurate for all practical purposes.The changes, fulls, and quarters of the Moon, however, are governed by another
principle, and are essentially the same for all places on the same Longitude, uis, on any line extending due north and south. Thus, the moon's phases for Charles- j-
ton suit Pittsburgh, &c. Any phasis takes place at the same instant of absolute I
AMERICAN AN-T1 SLAVERY ALMANAC.
time ; but the local time is earlier at the westward, and later at the eastward, at
the rate of/our minutes for ea,ch degree of Longitude; or at the rate of one minutefor every 12 miles 273 rods in the latitude ol Boston ; 13 miles 60 rods in the lati-
tude of New-York city ; 13 miles 143 rods in the latitude of Baltimore j and 14miles 199 rods in the latitude of Charleston.The Sun's declination, as masters of coasting vessels will observe, is adapted in
this calendar to the meridian of New-York city. The declination varies mostrapidly about the time of the equinoxes ; but even then, it changes but 1' while thesun is passing from the meridian of New-York to that of New-Orleans or St. Louis.The column of sun's declination is therefore designed, like the days of the weekand month, for general use throughout the country.
Clock Time.This Almanac shows the rising and setting of the Sun, &c. according to a clock
that keeps accurate time throughout the year. As the Sun is sometimes fast orslow of clock, the forenoon will of course be, by clock, so much longer or shorterthan the afternoon. Some observing this, think they have found an error in theAlmanac ; but it is no error. The table, " Sun on the Meridian," at the head ofthe Calendar pages, shows at what moment the Sun, according to a true clock, is
on the meridian, or strikes an accurate noon-mark. The London Nautical Alma-nac, and a large portion of the Almanacs in our country, are now adapted to true,or clock time.
Chronological Cycles.Solar Cycle, 3Dominical Letter, B.
Golden Number, or Lunar Cycle, 19.
Epact, 18.
© O Sun, © D Moon,
Roman Indiction, 15.
Julian Period, 6555.
Characters.6 Mercury, 2 Venus, © Earth,
T Aries, the Ram, the Head« Taurus, the Bull, the Neck.II Gemini, the Twins, the Arms.52 Cancer, the Crab, the Breast.
SI Leo, the Lion, the Heart.ITB Virgo, the Virgin, the Bowels
^ Saturn, Rjl Herschell.
Signs of the Zodiac.£i Libra, the Balance, the Reins,fll Scorpio, the Scorpion, the Secrets.t Sagittarius, the Archer, the Thighs.
V5 Capricoruus, the Gout, the Knees.
Z? Aquarius, the Butler, the Legs.X Pisces, die Fishes, the Feet.
i Mars,
Aspects and Nodes.6 Conjunction, or in the same longitude.^ Sextile, or 60 degrees distant.
Quartile, or 90 degrees distant.
A Trine, or 120 degrees distant.
Vc. Quincunx, or 150 degrees -listant.
8 Opposition, or 180 degrees distant
Q Ascending Node.
U Descending Node.
Phenomena of the Planets, Aspects, &c.Morning and Evening Stars.—Venus ( 9 ) will be Morning Star until March 5, then
Evening Star until December 18, then Morning Star until October 2, 1843. Jupiter ( 4 )
will be Morning Star until July 10, then Evening Star until Jan. 25, 1843.
10, 8 © U ; 19, 5 stat. ; 23, O ent, SI ; 29,Jan. 17—Super. 6 © 3 ; 20, © enters £?.
Feb. 15—5 's gr. elong.; 18, © ent. X ; 21, S
stat.
March 3—Inferior 6 © 8 ; 5, Super, 6 © 9
;
15, <5 ©$[ ; 15, S stat. ; 20, © ent, T ; 30,2 's gr. elong.
April 4— © > ; 11, D © 4 ; 20, © ent. «;
23, > Slat.
May 10—Super. 6 © 9 ; 10, 4 stat. ; 21, ©
Xne 11, S's elong.; 19, © I#; 21, © ent.E£ ; 24, S stat. ; 25 6 © & .
July 3—J£ stat. ; 3, 8 © ^> ; 8, Inf. 6 © S ;
5 's gr. elongAug. 23—0 ent. M ; 23, Sup. 6 5.Sept. 9—4 stat. ; 11, ^ stat. ; 19, 8 © BJ
;
23, © ent. £LOct. 1—Q © > ; 8, 9 's gr. elong. ; 3, S 's
great, elong. ; 20, S stat. ,- 23, ent. V\;
31, Inf. 6 0S.Nov. 9— S stat. ; 16, 8 's gr. elong. ; 22, G
ent. t; 28, 9 stat.
Dec. 4—1£ stat. ; 16, Bjl ; 18, Inferior
© 9 ; 21, © ent. V5 ; 28, Sup. £ 8 .
AMERICAN ANTI-SLAVERY ALMANAC.
Tide Table.{Chiefly from the Table in Boicditch's Navigator.)
The Calendar pages exhibit the time of high water at New-York, ElizabethtownPoint, and New-London.To find the time of high water at any of the following places, add to or subtract
from the time of high water at New- York, as follows : (A signifies that the annexedquantity of time is to be added, S subtracted)—for
Amelia Harbor,Ann, Cape,Annapolis,Anticosti Island,
west end,St. Augustine,Block Island,
Boston,Canso, Cape,Charles, Cape,Charleston Bar,Cod, Cape,Delaware Riv. ent.
Fairfield,
Fear, Cape,Florida Keys,Gay Head,George's River,
H.M24
2 362 06
5 241 24
H.M.J H.M.Georgetown Bar, S 1 54 Norwich Landing, A 45Gouldsborough, A 2 06 Passamaquoddy R. A 2 36Guildford, ~ A 1 30 Penobscot River,Halifax, N.S. S 1 24 Philadelphia,Hartford, S 5 40 Plymouth,Hatteras, Cape, A 06 Portland,
S 09 Port Royal Island,
S 1 14 Portsmouth,S 2 54 Quebec, Canada,A 1 54 Rhode Island,
A 06 Roman, Cape,A 2 06 Sable, Cape,A 2 30 Salem,S 09 Sandy Hook, N. J.,
A 2 06 Saybrook,S 1 17 St. Simon's Bar,
A 2 21 Sunbury,A 1 22,Townsend,
S 1 17 Henlopen, Cape,A 2 36, Henry, Cape,S 24 St. John's, N.F.,S 1 09 Kennebec,S 1 39 Lookout, Cape,A 2 36 Machias,A 06 Marblehead,A 2 00 May, Cape,S 54 Mount Desert,S 04 New Bedford,S 1 17Newburyport,A 1 51 New-Haven,
A . 51A 5 00A 2 36A 1 51S 39A 2 21S 05S 2 09S 9 54S 54A 2 36S 2 17A 15S 1 24A 36A 1 51
Festivals andJan. 1 , Circumcision ; 2, 2d S. aft. Christ-
mas ; 6, Epiph. ; 9, 1st S after Epiph ; 16,
2d S after Epiph ; 23, Septuages ; 25, Convof St Paul ; 30, Sexagesima.Feb 6, Quinquages ; 9, Ash Wed ; 13, 1st
S in Lent ; 20, 2d S in Lent ; 27, 3d S in L.
March 6, 4th S in Lent ; 13. 5th S in L;
20, S before Easter, 25, Good Friday ; 27,
Easter.April 3, 1st S aft. Easter ; 10, 2d S. aft.
E. ; 17, 3d S aP. E ; 24, 4th S after E.
May 1, 5th S aft. E., and Sts. Philip andJames ; 5, Ascension ; 8, S aft Ascen ; 15,
Whit S , 22, Trinity ; 29, 1st S aft TrimJune 5, 2d S aft Trin ; 11, St Barnabas
;
12, 3d S aft Trin ; 19, 4th S aft T; 24, JohnBap. ; 26, 5th S aft Trinity ; 29, St Peter.
July 3, 6th S after Trin ; 10, 7th S after
Fasts in 1843.Trin
; 17, 8th S after Trin ; 24, 9th S afterTrin; 31, 10th Sunday after Trinity.Aug 7, 11th S aft Trin ; 14, 12th S after
Trin ; 21 , 13th S aft Trin ; 24, St Barthol
;
28, 14th Sunday after Trinity.Sept 4, 15th S aft Trin ; 11, 16th S after
Trin ; 18, 17th S after Trin ; 21, St Matt
;
25, 18th Sunday after Trinity.
Oct 2, 19th S after Trin ; 9, 20th S after
Trin ; 16, 21 st S after Trin ; IS, St Luke;
23, 22d S after Trin ; 28, Sts. Simon andJude 5 30, 23d S aft Trinity.
1 Nov 1, All Saints ; 6, 24th S after Trin;
i 13, 25th S aft Trin ; 20, 26th S aft Trin;
27, Advent ; 30, St. Andrew.|
Dec. 4, 2d S in Ad; 11, 3d S in Ad; 18,
4th S in Ad ; 21, St Thorn ; 25, Christmasj
26, St Steph ; 27, St John ; 28, Innocents.
Effects of Drinking.Wine and other physical exhilerants, during the treacherous truce to wretched-
edness which they afford, dilapidate the structure, and undermine the very founda-
tion of happiness. No man, perhaps, was ever completely miserable, until af'er he
had fled to alcohol for consolation. The habit of vinous indulgence is not nore
pernicious than it is obstinate and pertinacious in its hold, when it has once fastened
itself upon the constitution. It is not to be conquered by half-way measures. Thevictory over it, in order to be permanent, must be perfect. As long as there lurks
a relic of it in the frame, there is imminent danger of a relapse of this moral malady,from which there seldom is, as from plvysical disorders, a gradual convalescence.
The cure, if at all, must be effected at once ; cutting and pruning will do no good.
First Month. JANUARY, 1842. 31 d;
MOON'S PHASES.D.
Third Quarter, 3New Moon, 11
First Quarter, 19Full Moon, 26
Boston.H. M.
5 24 ev.
11 31 mo.4 16 ev.
1 6ev.
New-York.H. M.
5 12 «>.
11 19 mo.4 4 ev.
54 cr.
Baltimore. Charleston.H. M.4 48 eu.
10 55 mo.3 40 ev.
30 ev.
apa
«<S
1
917
25
Sub on Merl.
H> Jf.
5 2et>.
11 9 mo.3 54 ev.
44 ev.
H . BI . S .
ev. 3 577 31
10 3012 43
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Third Month. MARCH, 1842, 31 davs.
MOON>S PHASES.D.
Third Quarter, 3New Moon, 12
First Quarter, 19
Full Moon, 26
Boston.H. M.8 38 ev.
1 45 mo.5 68 ev.
9 13 mo.
New-York. Baltimore:H. M.
8 26 ev.
1 33 too.
5 46 eu.
9 1 ev.
I. M.8 16 ev.
1 23 7/io.
5 36 ev.
8 51 ?no.
Charleston.H. m.8 2er.1 9 TOO.
5 22 ev.
8 37 too.
Sun on Meri
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Fourth Month. APRIL,, 1842. 30 davs.
MOON'S PHASES.d.
Third Quarter, 2New Moon, 10First Quarter, ISFull Moon, 24
Boston.H. M.1 46 ev.
5 47 ev.
1 48 mo.6 43 ev.
New-York.IS. M.1 34 ev5 35 ev.
1 36 mo.6 31 cv.
Baltimore.n. m.1 24 ey.
5 25 fv.
1 26 mo.6 21 ev.
Charleston.
H. M.1 10 ev.
5 11 cv.
1 12 mo.6 7cu.
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Fifth Month. MAY, IS 42. 31 di
MOON'S PHASES.D.
Third Quarter, 2New Moon, ' 10First Quarter, 17Full Moon, 24
Boston.H. II.
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7 26 Two.
4 55 mo.
New-York. Baltimore: {Charleston:
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6 32 7710. 6 18 mo.7 4 7710. 6 50 77io.
4 33 7710. 4 19 7/20.
H. M7 50 7710.
6 42 7710.
7 14 7710.
4 43 7710.
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11 56 5611 56 1311 5611 56 35
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Sixth Month. JUNE, 1842. 30 davs.
MOON'S PHASESD
Third Quarter, ]
New Moon, J
First. Quarter, 1£
Full Moon, 22Third Quarter, 30
Boston. New-York. Baltimore.II. M. H. M. H. M.2 7 mo. 1 55 mo. 1 45 mo.5 30 et>. 5 18 ev. 5 8 ct?.
8ev. 11 56 mo. 11 46 mo.4 38 cv. 4 26 ev: 4 16 eu.
6 57 eu. I 6 45eu. 6 35 ev.
Charleston.
11. M.1 31 mo.4 54 ev.
11 32 mo.4 2 ev.
6 21 cu.
Sun on Meri.
H. M.S.11 57 2611 58 50ev. 29
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Seventh Month. JULY, 1842< 31 days.
MOON'S PHASES. Boston. New-York. Baltimore. Charleston.
D. II. M. H. M. H. Br. H. M.
New Moon, 8 2 17 mo. 2 5 mo. 1 55 mo. 1 41 moFirst Quarter, 14 5 21 eu. 5 9 e». 4 59 e«. 4 45 eu.
Full Moon, 22 6 13 mo. 6 1 mo. 5 51 mo. 5 37 moThird Quarter, 30 9 58 mo. 9 46 mo. 9 36 mo. 9 22 mo
Sun on Meri.
II. M. S.
3 244 485 466 9
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Eighth Month. AUGUST, 1842, 31 days.
MOON'S PHASES.D.
New Moon, 6First Quarter, 13Full Moon, 20Third Quarter, 2S
Boston.H. M.10 1 mc.
38 mo.9 30 ev.
11 5 ev.
New-York. Baltimore.H. M.9 39 mo.
16 mo.9 8ev.10 43 er.
H. M9 49 mo.26 mo.
9 IS ev.
10 53 ev.
Charleston.
H. M.9 25 mo.
2 mo.8 54 ev.
10 29 ev.
b i Sun on Meri.
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Ninth Month. SEPTEMBER, 1842. 30 days.
MOON'S PHASES.D.
New Moon, 4First Quarter, 11
Full Moon, 19Third Quarter, 27
Boston. New-York. Baltimore. Charleston.
H. M.5 31 ev.
11 14 7/10.
1 50 ev.
10 21 7710.
H. M.5 19 cv.
11 2 mo.1 38 ei>.
10 9 mo.
H. M.5 9ev.10 52 mo.1 28 cv.
9 59 mo.
H. M.4 55 eu.
10 38 mo.1 14 er.
9 45 mo.
morning.11 57 J311 54 2611 51 38
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Tenth Month. OCTOBER, 1842< 31 days.
MOON'S PHASES.D.
New Moon, 4First Quarter, 11
Full Moon, 19Third Quarter, 26
Boston.H. M.1 40 mo.1 57 mo.6 28 mo.7 57 ev.
New- York.H. M.1 28 mo.1 45 mo.6 16 mo.7 45 ev.
Baltimore.h. a.1 18 mo.1 35 mo.6 6 mo.7 35 et>.
Charleston.
H. M.1 4 mo.1 21 mo.5 52 mo.7 21 cu.
Sun on Meri»
H. M. S.
11 49 4011 47 1911 45 2611 44 11
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Eleventh Month. NOVEMBER, 1842. 30 days. I
MOON'S PHASES.D.
New Moon, 2First Quarter, 9Full Moon, 17Third Quarter, 25
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10 45 ev.
4 15 mo.
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10 33 cv.
4 3 mo.
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3 53 mo.
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10 9 ev.
3 39 mo.
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Twelfth Month. DECEMBER, 1842. 31 days.
MOON'S PHASESD
New Moon, ]
First Quarter, i
Full Moon, i:
Third Quarter, 24
New Moon, 31
Boston.H. M.11 31 ev.
5 40 ev.
2 2ev.1 ev.
2 18 ev.
New- York. Baltimore
.
H. M.11 19 cv.
5 28 ev.
1 50 ev.
11 49 mo.2 6 ev.
H. M.11 9 ev.
5 lSeu.1 40 ev.
11 39?/io.
1 56 ev.
Charleston.H. 31;
10 55 ev.
5 4 ev.
1 26 c».
11 25 mo.1 42 ev.
Sun on Meri.
. H. ftl. s.
1 11 4U 169 11 52 3/
17 11 56 24'2b CV. 23
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AMERICAN ANTI-ST.AVERY ALMANAC.
VOTES FOR PRESIDENT,
1840.Popular Vote.
1836.Electoral Vote.
1840,
States.Maine,N. Hampshire,Massachusetts,Connecticut,Rhode Island,
Vermont,New-York,New-Jersey,Pennsylvania,Delaware,Maryland,Virginia,Ohio,Kentucky,N. Carolina}S. Carolina,Georgia,Alabama,Indiana,Illinois,
Michigan,Mississippi,
Tennessee,Louisiana;
Missouri,Arkansas,Total in twen-ty-five States,
In 1840,
Harrison.46>61226,15872,87431,6015,278
32,440225,81733,351
144,0215,967
33,52842,501148,15768,48946,376
(Chooses40,26128,47165,30245,53722,93319.51860,391II, -296
22,9724,363
V. Buren.46,201
32,78151,94425,2963,30118,018
212,52731,034143,6724,87423,75243>893124,73232,61633,782
Electors31,93333,99151,60447,47621,13116,97648,2897,616
29,7606,048
Birney.194111
1,41517442319
2,80869343
by
1,274,203 1,128,403
Harrison's majority 145,900.
Harrison.15,2396,228
42,24718,7492,710
20,996138,54326,13787,1114,733
25,85223,368105,40536,68723,626
Legisla24,93016,61241,28114,292
4,0729,688
35,9623,3838,3371,238
6,831 737,711In 1836, V.
V. Buren.22,99020,69734,47419,2912,96414.039166,81525,59291,4754,15322,26830,26106,94333,0252C,910ture.
22,12620,50632,7S017,2757,3329,979
26,1-20
3,653
10,995
2,400
763,58?. maj. 25,879.
Har.10
14847428303
10
2115
15
Har. maj. 174
The Ballot-Box.
We have a weapon, firmer set
And better than the bayonet-^-
A weapon that comes down as still
As snow flakes fall upon the sod;
But executes a freeman's will
As lightning does the will of God.
" I'll aslc my Wife."That is what old Judge Thatcher, of Massachusetts, said to Blount, of North
Carolina, when they were members of Congress, at Philadelphia, and when the
latter challenged the Judge to fight a duel ." I'll ask my wife, sir," replied the
Judge, taking off his three-cornered hat and making a bow ;" and if she is willing,
I'll meet you."
Unconstitutional Law of Alabama."And be it further enacted, That it shall be lawful for any person to seize and
make a slave for life, to his own use, any free person of color who may have comeinto the state of Alabama since the first day of February, 1832 ; and be it furtherenacted, That it shall and may be lawful for any person to seize upon and make aslave for life, any free person of color who may be found in the state of Alabamaafter the passage of this act, and who shall have come into the state since its pas-sage."—Approved, Feb. 2, 1839.
It will be perceived at once that all this is in direct defiance of the followingprovision of the Constitution of the United States.
" The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunitiesof citizens in the several states."
—
Constitution of the United States, Art. IV. Sec. 2.
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AMERICAN ANTI-SLAVERlf ALMANAC.
Notes on the Census Tables.
1. The ratio of increase is surprisingly uniform in each ten years$ having neverVaried more than a small fraction from 34 per cent. This will give a population, inI860, of 22,848,581, and in 1860, of 30 millions. It doubles in 24 years.
2. The increase of the free states is about 39 per cent., and of the slave states but26. At this rate, they will stand, in 1850, in the proportion of 4 to 3 in population^and in political power as 7 to 4. But the disproportion is every year greater.
3. The increase of the slaves in the preceding ten years, was 29.5 per cent. ; inthe last ten, only 24*5 per cent. Had the ratio been the samej the number wouldhave been 2,581,646. The difference) 98,1 10 j nearly a hundred thousand, must beset down as the waste of life created by the opening of the new plantations in the3outh West, the growth of sugar, and the misery created by the forced removal ofthe hundred thousand victims of the American Domestic Slave Trade.
4i The new states have gained, in slaves, beyond their proportion, 315,125. Somany Americans have been forcibly removed from home and kindred under our Re-publican Government.
5. The increase of the free colored people is 57,3362or 21 per cent* The small-
hess of the increase is not easily accounted for. The increase in the free states is
24 per cent;, that of the South but 19 per cent.
6. The increase of the six new free states and Territories of the North West, is
102 per cent. Should the same ratio continue, which is highly probable, those stateswill have a population of about six millions in 1850.
7» The proportion of slaves to the white population, in 1830, was 15.5 per cent. S
in 1840, it v/as but 13.9 per cent.
8. The Federal number is made, according to the TJ. S. Constitution, by adding to
the free inhabitants, " three fifths of all other persons," i. e., of slaves. The num-ber of representatives has been calculated on the supposition that they will be ap*portioned at the rate of one per 60,000. By the Federal numbers, the slave stateshave 97 representatives in Congress 5 by their free population they would have but73 ; were all the population free, they would have 104, or rather, there would thenbe no distinction of North and South.
9. By the new census, the slave states will have 38.6 per cent, of the federalpower—by the census of 1830 they had 41 per cent.—by their free population theywould now have but 32 per cent.—by the whole number they would have 40 per cent.
10. Slaves have no political power, no political consideration whatever them*selves, being, in fact, mere property ; but the southern states have 24 representa*
tives on account of the slaves—24.7 per cent of their representation, equal to 9 percent, of the federal power of the union as the mere representatives of property—and such property.N. B. No other species of property entitles a state to political power.11. Three of the free states, New-York, New-Jersey, and Pennsylvania, and three
of the slave states, Maryland, Virginia, and Missouri, have each one representative
on account of their free colored inhabitants.
12. The land dividend is calculated upon the supposition that there will be three
millions of dollars to divide yearly, under the act of Congress of 1841. The table
shows what each state will receive by the federal numbers, according to the existing
law, and what each would receive were the distributions made according to the free
population, who alone can be benefited, and who alone can be taxed to make up the
deficiency to the TJ. S. treasury.
13. By the census of 1790, the free states had 60 per cent, of the white population,
45 per cent, of the free colored, and 50 per cent, of the whole. Now they have 68per cent, of the white, 44 per cent, of the free colored, and 57 per cent, of the whole.
14. In 1790, the population of Virginia, 748,308, was greater than of New-Yorkand Pennsylvania together ; and Ohio had not begun to be settled. Now Virginia
is behind all these States.
15. Virginia, with 70,000 square miles, has now but 50 per cent, as many people
as New England, with 66,000. In 1790, she had 70 per cent. New England has in-
creased from 1,009,813, to 2,432,818—an increase of 142 per cent, in 50 years, while
Virginia has gained, in the same time, but 491,489, being 65 per cent.
AMERICAN ANTI-SLAVERY ALMANAC.
Illinois and South Carolina are now equal in power—i. e. the 267,360 free peopleof S. C. weigh as mush in national influence as 475,852 in Illinois—about in the pro-
portion of two Carolinians to three Illinoians. And when it comes to receiving
money, each free person in Illinois divides 18.8 cts. and each free person in SouthCarolina 32.6 cents, or in the proportion of $1 to a Carolinian as often as the Illi-
noian receives 57 cents.
New Jersey has a free population greater by one-tenth than that of Alabama, yetNew Jersey receives $70,130, from the public purse, and Alabama $91,996. Thefree population of New Jersey is greater than that of Mississippi and Louisianatogether, which states receive by the land distribution $28,167 more than N. Jersey.
On the free basis, the six northern states would receive $460,366 yearly, andthe six southern states only $299,165. Consequently, they first gain 12 represen-tatives for their slave property, and then a yearly gift of $115,980, for being the
owners of property so peculiarly meritorious ! While New England is mulcted in
the yearly penalty of $40,224, for the crime against republicanism of refusing to
hold slaves.
New-York has a free population of more than half the entire south, yet she re-
ceives but 38 per cent as much money. Her power to uphold the government anddefend the country is greater and more available than that of the whole slave sec-
tion, because she has no internal enemies;yet she has 40 representatives and they
97; she receives $456,636, and they $1,181,702. By a free basis, New-York wouldreceive $500,357, and the whole south $991,206.
Mountains." For the strength of the hill, we bless thee I
Our God, or fathers' God !
Thou hast made thy children might,By the strength of the mountain sod !
For the strong pine of the forest
That by thy breath is stirred
—
For the deep gorge of the mountain,Where thy still voice is heard
—
For the deep storm on whose free pinionsThy spirit walks abroad
—
For the strength of the hills we bless thee
!
Our God, our fathers' God !"
The spirit of liberty dwells in the mountains ! It was with the Scots who bledwith Wallace ! It was with Switzerland, on the hills of the Vandis, sustaining theWaldenses against their ruthless persecutors ! It was with William Tell when hefought for the freedom of his native land ! It was with the Tyrohse, when on thegreen hills of Tyrol the gong of freedom sounded ! It is now with the brave Cir-
cassians, on the hills of Caucasus, assisting them to crush the hordes of the Rus-sian tyrant !
We expect, ere long, to see the movements of the same spirit in the mountainsof East Tennessee.
Southern Debts.
The South is indebted to the manufacturers of slave-shoes in Lynn, Massachu-setts, about $3,000,000 ; to the city of New York more than $100,000,000 ; and tothe whole North from 3 to $500,000,000. Such statements we have seen going therounds of the press. Can they be true ? If so, we seem to have something to dowith the domestic system of the South, at least so far as the Northern purse is con-cerned. Can the South pay their debts in money? It is conceded they cannot.What then have they beside their growing crops ? Twelve hundred millions in
slaves. But these will not sell for a single dollar in our northern markets. Wefear that there is too much truth in the assertion, that they cancel their debts by be-coming bankrupt.
—
Portsmouth Gazette.
AMERICAN ANTI-SLAVERY ALMANAC.
The Public Lauds.
A bill having passed the last Congress for the distribution of the net proceedsof the sales of Public Lands among the several States, in the proportion of their
federal representative numbers, it may be well to show the relative claims of thetwo sections. The following tables were prepared from official documents, in
January, 1841.
T.—COST OF THE PUBLIC LANDS. -
Expenses.Louisiana purch. prin. and int.
Florida purchase, prin. and int.
Georgia and Yazoo,Survey and management,Indian treaties,
Total,
FREEDollars.
23,529,3536',489,768
5,532,151
9,119,41785,148,203
STATES
per ct.
8
4532
Amount.1,882,348
4,103,73727,247,425
SLAVE STATES.
per ct. Amount.80 18,823,482100 6,489,768100 5,532,15155 5,010,67964 54,494,850
$134,229,375 25 33,233,510 67 90,350,930
It appears, then, that of the 134 millions of dollars which the public lands in theStates and Territories have cost, 33 millions are chargeable to the free states, and90 millions to the slave states. The 178,616,672 acres of land in the free statescost $33,233,510, or 19 cents per acre, while the 182,524,002 acres in the slavestates cost $90,350,930, or 50 cents per acre. There is no justice, therefore, in
dividing with the slave states, until the prodigious difference in the cost of their
igmds and ours is equalized in some way or other. But the next table will show theslight prospect there is that this will ever be done. It gives the quantity of landoriginally owned by the United States, the quantity sold in the several States, northand south, the aggregate value, the price per acre in each State and in each sectionof country, and the quantity remaining unsold, January 1, 1841.
II.—SALES OF PUBLIC LANDS.
FREE STATES.
States.
Ohio,Indiana,Illinois,
Michigan,Wisconsin,Iowa,
Total,
Acres.
24,810,24623,459,61935,941,90240,050,83247,271,2417,082,832
178,616,672
Sold. pr ct
sold.
12,965,782 5215,280,406 6711,749,458 309,185,720 231.915,793 41,069,255 15
2952,166,414
Value.
$22,503,23119,478,231
14,723,451
11,557,4002,448.0431,504',576
PerAcre.$1.731.27
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.41
$72,214,932 $1.38 105,923,258
Unsold.
1,747,2584,274,70018,646,96029,885,31545,355,4486,013,577
SLAVE STATES.
States.
Alabama,_
Mississippi,Louisiana,Missouri,Arkansas,Florida,
Acres.
31,699,47021,920,78620,437,55940.241,436
31^468,911
36,755,840
Sold.
10,471,7849,563,0973,040,222
7,841,659
2,585,234927,240
Total,
Grand Total,
182,524,002
361,140,674
37,429,236
89,595,650
pr ct Value.sold.
33 $16,907,94044 12,929,28614 3,880,25519 9,749,3058 3,148,6302 1,113,483
20 47,728,899
24 119,943,831
PerAcre$1.671.35
1.27
1.24
1.22
1.20
Unsold.
19,863,853.11,524,128
16,783,547
31,186,35827,906,78035,828,600
1.27i 143,093,266
1.341249,016,525
per ct.
unsold71852749585
59
per ct.
unsold625282778897
78
69
AMERICAN ANTI-SLAVERY ALMANAC.
This table shows, that while the lands of the north have produced, on an average,
138 cents per acre, those of the south have averaged only 127 cents;that the aggre*
gate value of lands sold in the free state* is $72,214,932, while the aggregate ol the
slave states is only $47,728,899 : that while the northern lands have already yielded
218 per cent, of their cost, making a balance in their favor of $38,981,422, the
southern lands have yielded but 63 per cent, of their cost, leaving a balance against
ihem of $42,622,031, showing a money difference between the two parties of morethan 80 millions of dollars.
The next table will show, by contrast, the comparative growth of the two sec-
tions at the present time ; from which it will appear evident that the inequality is
continually becoming greater, and that while the growth of the free states advancesin an increased ratio, that of the slave states is yearly lessening in proportion.
I.-—FREE STATES.
Years.1833183418351836
Total 4 yearsPer cent, oforig. quant'y,
1837183818391840
Total 4 yearsPer cent, oforig. quant'y,Per cent, ofunsold now,
Total 8 yearsPr. ct. of uns.
Years.1833183418351836
Total 4 years
Ohio551,153478,847661,435
1,282,991
Indiana.554,681673,656
1 ,586,904
3,245,344
2,974,426
12
6,060,585
26
470,420243,095242,44428,952
984,911
56
3,959,337227
1,249,817602,424618,748121,704
Illinois.
360,240354,013
2,096,6293,199,708
6,010,590
17
1,012,849
778,5601,132,876412,837
2,592,693
11
60
8,653,278202
Michi'n.447,780512,760630,027
4,189,823
5,780,390
14
3,337,122
9
18
9,347,712
51
773,52297,533134,98425,862
1,031,901
6,812,291
17
Wisk'n.
217,543646,133
863,676
178,78387,256
650,722135,356
Iowa.
274,605298,152496,498
1,052,117 1,069,255
2 15
IS
1,915,7931,065,255
4| 18
Total.
1,913,854
2,019,2765,192,53812,563,999
21,689,667
12
3,685,391
2,084,473
3,077,9261,221,209
10,068,999
10
II.—SLAVE STATES.
Alabama. \Miss yppi.
451,319 1,121,4941,072,457 1,064,0541,587,007 2,931,1811,901,409 2,023,709
Per cent, oforig. quant'y
1837183818391840
Total 4 yearsPer cent, oforig. quant'yPer cent, ofunsold now,
Total 8 yearsPr. ct. of uns.
5,012,192 7,140,438
16
381,773159,969121,93556,298
719,975
5,732,16729
33
556,354371,07417,787
19,621
864,836
^,005,27467
LouisVa.89,441
82,570325,955879,456
Missouri226,285253,791662,180
1,655,687
1,377,422 2,797,943
230,9521 663,987
164,178 510,423
509,307 1,038,065
198,761
1,103,198 2,867,067
8
2,480,62014
654,592
5,665,01017
Arkans.41,859149,756630,027963,535
1,785,177
281,915156,971
154,858120,524
714,268
2
2,499,445
Florida.11,970
16,30948,36487,071
163,714
100,72568,81456,49938,920
264,958
428,7721
31,758,66630
Total.
1,942,3682.638,937
6,184,714
7,510,867
18,196,8S6
11
2,215,706
1,331,429
1,898,451
1,088,716
6,534,302
3
24,731,18811
AMERICAN ANTI-SLAVERY ALMANAC.
From this it appears, that during the years 1833—6, called the years of specula-tion, the free states and territories sold 12 per cent, of their original lands, and theslave states and territories sold 11 per cent. In the four years of re-action follow-ing, the free states sold six per cent, and the slave states three per cent, of theiroriginal contents. But if we compare their sales respectively with the quantitiesof land now remaining unsold, we find that the free states sold in the last four years10 per cent, of the amount, while the slave states in the same years sold but fourper cent. Iu the eight years subsequent to 1832, the free states sold a quantityequal to 30 per cent, of the amount now remaining, or about one-quarter of whatwas unsold at the end of the year 1832, while the sales in the slave states in thesame time equalled but 11 per cent, of the quantity now remaining, or less than one-tenth of what was unsold at the end of 1832. In the year 1838, which is regardedas about an average year, the free states, excluding territories, sold three per cent,
of their lands, and the slave states only one per cent. Of the sales in the slavestates since 1836, amounting to 5,478,792, more than one half, 2,867,067 acres weresold iu the state of Missouri, nearly all, I believe, to free laborers, goiug therefore
to hasten the period of revolution in that state, while it also shows that the future
resources of the country in the public lands depend mainly on free labor.
The land sold by Government in the free states may be regarded as all bought for
cultivation, and exceeds by more than five millions the quantity now under cultiva-
tion in the United Kingdom. The sales in the last eight year's are 31,758,666 acres,
being only two and a quarter millions less than the land now cultivated in the
island of Great Britain. Of this quantity, 10,06S,999 acres, or 31 per cent., weresold in the last four years, since the season of speculation was over ; which fact,
taken in connection with the vast influx of emigration during the preceding four
years, conclusively proves that a much smaller proportion of the land sales of that
remarkable period, in these states, were- taken for speculation than is generallysupposed. At the rate of sales of the whole eight years, the lands in these states
would be entirely disposed of in less than twenty years ; and at the rate of the last
four years, the whole would be sold in seventy-two years.
The running down of the sales in the slaveholding country since the credit bubble
burst, is very instructive, falling from seven and a-half millions in 1836, to a trifle
over one million in 1840, and of that amount more than 60 per cent, was in Missouri,
chiefly to free cultivators. The sales in the two new territories of the north, oneof which began to be settled in 1835, and the other in 1838, showing in the wholebut little over 54 millions of acres, exceed by 13 per cent, the sales in the wholesouth, (leaving out Missouri,) containing three times the quantity of land.
We call upon the new states of the north-west to look where they will be twentyyears hence, when their public lands will be nearly all sold, and the avails put into
the national treasury, and divided among all the states, or expended for the com-mon benefit, while the new states of the south-west will be dragging along, at
about one per cent, a-year, and will still have a hundred and twrenty millions of
acres under mortgage to pay one-half the proceeds to the Federal Government. Doyou think they will be quiet ? No, certainly, here will be another source of con-
tention between the north and the south, and another nullification war. Let us
avoid, as far as possible, the multiplication of causes of controversy with the south,
so that both they and we may be able to give undivided attention to the GREATQUESTION.The effect of adopting the federal numbers as the basis of distribution, instead of
the free population, may be seen by comparing the two columns in the census table
for 1S40, marked Land Division and Free Division. The table is calculated upon a
distribution of three millions annually. By adopting the federal basis, the slave
states receive $190,496 more, and the free states $173,644 less, than equity allows,
making a difference of $364,140. By taking this property basis, Maryland receives
first a gratuity of one representative in Congress, and then a further gratuity of
$3,260 yearly in money from the national treasury. The two adjoining states of
Indiana and Kentucky, are now equal in political power—but of this public dona-
tion, each free inhabitant of Kentucky will receive 22.2 cents and each free inhab-
itant of Indiana but 18.8 cents. Perhaps it is a conceded point in all the west, that
100 Kentuckians are equal in merit to 118 Hoosiers. __-.
AMERICAN ANTI-SLAVERY ALMANAC.
American Wheat and English Corn Laws.Within a few months, the attention of philanthropists, on both sides of the At-
lantic, has been drawn to a consideration of the English Corn Laws, as connectedwith the abolition of slavery in the United States. The only article of Americanproduction which Great Britain receives free from burdensome duties, is cotton, the
growth of the Slave States, while grain, the growth of the free States, is burdenedwith heavy duties. Would she allow an open trade in grain, it would help the
growth of the new states of the North West, and throw the whole influence of trade
and of politics, in this country, into the hands of freemen, and in favor of free
labor.
The British corn law, as settled in 1828, by the act of 9 Geo. IV., c. 60, is one ofthe most ingeniously contrived schemes that can well be imagined, calculated to in-
jure the grain-growing interests of other countries, and the grain-consuming portions
of her own people, without, it is believed, a corresponding advantage to the agricul-
tural interests, for whose benefit it was intended. The variable scale of duties, ris-
ing as the price of grain falls, and falling as the price rises, is but little understoodin this country. The " general average," as it is called, is declared every Thurs-day, at the exchequer; and is obtained by first finding the average of all the grains
sold during the week ending on the preceding Saturday, at 150 of the principal townsand markets, and then taking an average of this with the five last preceding generalaverages ; and this last is the declared or general average for that week. When the
declared average of wheat is 73s. or upwards per quarter of 8 bushels, the duty is Is.;
and when the price is 52s. or under, the duty is 34s. 8d. ; the intermediate duties be-
ing graduated by a scale, or tariff, as follows :
TABLE,Showing the duty on foreign wheat, by the variable scale established by the Englishcorn-law of 9 Geo. IV. c. 60, passed July 25, 1828, with the corresponding duty onflour per barrel of 196 lbs. in sterling money and its equivalent in Federal curren-
cy, and the rate per cent, of the duty.
Average price perquarter.
If52s. and under 53s.53545556575S596061
62636465666768697071
72
6455565758596061
626364656667686970717273
73 and upwards
Duty per Duty perquarter. barrel.
s. d.
34 833 832 831 8
2s
27262524232221
20IS
16
13
10
6
21
s. d.
20 10*
20 319 8.
19 Oh18 5£17 10417 3
16 13
16 Oi15 5i14 10*
14 3
21
10 01
8 2f6 54 041 %
1i
Duty in Fede-
ral currency.
$5 054 "
4
4
44
44
3
9076
61
4732
17
0287
3 733 593 453 29
Rate per cent,
of duty.
15
01
71
420855973S14
66.6
65.
61.1
57.5
54.7
52.
49.446.9
44.4
42.
40.4
37.7
35.4
33.3
31.3
27.8
24.4
19.9
15.2
9.2
3.7
1.3
The attempt to overrule the great and irreversible laws of trade, which strike thebalance between demand and supply— or, in other words, to prevent fluctuations in
AMERICAN ANTI-SLAVERY ALMANAC.
a market where the demand was constant and the supply variable—could not butfail. Twenty years ago it was considered that a deficiency of one-tenth in the har-vest would raise the price or wheat three-tenths, and a deficiency of one-third wouldtreble the price. This thermometrical sensitiveness of the market increases, as theincrease of population overpasses the increase of production. The yearly consump-tion of all kinds of grain in Great Britain is estimated at 52 million quarters, equalto 416 millions of bushels, or 15 bushels to eaeh inhabitant ; of which 13 millions ofquarters, or 104 million bushels, being 3f bushels to each inhabitant, is wheat. Theonly country to which she can look, with advantage, for supplies, is the free NorthWest. Here is at once an immense market for manufactures, and an unlimited capa-city for the production of wheat in return.
The grain crop of the North West, in 1839, showing the whole product of wheat, ofIndian corn, and of all other kinds of grain, in the six Northwestern States, withthe proportion to each inhabitant, with quantity in the whole United States.
To each To each iTo each Total to
States. Wheat. inhabi- Indian inhabi- Other grain. inhabi- each inha-tant. corn. tant. tant. bitant.
Bushels. \Bushels Bushels. Bushels Bushels. Bushels. Bushels.Ohio 16,292,951| 10.7 33,954,162 22.4 15,684,492 10.3 43.4Indiana - 4,154,256, 6
2,740,380 5.6
28,008,051 40.9 6,078,229 8.8 55.7
Illinois - 22,116,627 45.4 4,S06,877 9.8 60.8
Michigan 1,899,289 9 2,215,787 10.5 3,938,486 18.6 38.5
WiskonsanIowa 154,737 3.6 1,326,241 30.9 227,118 5.2 39.8
Total, 25,241,607 8.6 87,620,868, 29.8 29,735,202 10 48
U. States* 75,995,787 5 301,947,658 20 139,273,993 9 34.4
There is a great increase since, in the North West. The Hon. Henry W. Taylor,
of Michigan, estimates the disposable surplus of wheat in that State alone, for the
year 1841, at from two to two and a half million bushels, and he says the present po-
pulation would easily raise five million bushels for sale if there was a steady mar-ket.
Growth of the North West.
Population of the six new States of the North West in the years 1810, 1820, 1830, and1840, with the increase per cent, in each period often years.
States. 1810. 1820. Increaseper cent.
1830. Increaseper cent.
1840. Increaseper cent.
Ohio, 230,760 581,434 152 937,675 61 1,515,695 61.5
Indiana, 24,520 147,178 500 341,582 132 683,314 100
Illinois, 12,282 55,21
1
349 157,575 185 486,173 208Michigan, 4,762 8,896 87 28,600 222 211,705 640
Wiskonsan* 2,660 — 30,692 1,054
Iowa* —.—
202
—85
43,117 —Total, 262,324 792,719 1,468,092 2,970,696 102
* In 1838 Wiskonsan had 18,149 inhabitants ; and Iowa had 22,859. Consequent-
ly, Wiskonsan gained, in two years, 12,430, or 69 per cent, j and Iowa gained, in
two years, 20,358, or 90 per cent. J ^^^
AMERICAN ANTI-SLAVERY ALMANAC.
Suppose England would agree to receive our wheat free of duty. Orders wouldbe sent from this country for manufactures, that would set every wheel, and spindle,
and hammer in motion. Immediately, the north-west states would be willing to
tax themselves for the interest of the state debt, because they would see how taxescould be paid. Immediately the state stocks would rise, because the interest wouldbe secured, with a certainty that the public works would be completed and ren-
dered productive. The free manufacturing industry of England, and the free agri-
cultural industry of the north-west, would be stimulated to the highest productive-ness, by the best of all encouragements—the hope of a fair reward.The demand for the public lands would pour a steady stream into the national
treasury on the one hand ; to be met by a deeper current from the imports on theother, furnishing an adequate revenue for the completion of our harbor works andnational defences. Our exports, no longer confined to a single staple raised byslaves, but drawn from the most productive of all branches of labor—the cultivation,
by free hands, of a rich soil that costs next to nothing—would keep foreign ex-changes in a healthy state 5 new ties of mutual advantage, and new inducements tomutual justice, forbearance, and peace, would arise between two nations of commonorigin, from whose influence the world has so much to hope for ; our own manufac-tures would be left, under their present protection, to a healthy and natural growthwith the growth of the country ; and our nation would be saved from another tariff
controversy, to occupy and embitter the debates of another political generation.
A Terrible Deed.
In illustrating the desperate condition to which the lower classes in England arereduced through grinding poverty and scarcity of food, the London correspondentof the Boston Post relates the following occurrence, the bare perusal of which makesthe blood run cold ; he says, however, that it is too well authenticated to be doubted.
" One of the rules of the < Stockport Burial Society ' is, that if a member loses achild by death, the parents receive j£3 8s. 6d. for funeral expenses. At the lateChester Assizes, two married couples, whose average ages were only twenty-six,were indicted. Their names were Sandys—and one couple were charged withhaving administered arsenic to their child, by which they murdered it, and the otherswere charged with being accessories to the crime before and after the fact. Thedeceased, with whose murder they were accused, was thus awfully killed for thediabolical purpose of obtaining the sum of three pounds eight-and-sixpence fromthe Stockport Burial Society I"
The Difference.—It is estimated that the English Corn Laws cause 20,000deaths annually, and the American Slave Laws 25,000. Which is worse ?
The Spirit of Liberty.Soon after the close ofthe long French war in Europe, a boy was standing on one of
the bridges that cross the Thames at London, with a number of small birds in a cagefor sale. A sailor who was passing, observed the little prisoners fluttering aboutthe cage, peeping through the wires, and manifesting their eager desire to obtaintheir liberty. He stood for some time looking at the birds, apparently lost inthought. At length, addressing the boy, he said,
—
" How much do you ask Tor your birds ?" u Sixpence a piece, sir," was the reply." I don't ask how much apiece," said the sailor j
" how much for the lot f Iwant all hands."The boy began his calculations, and found they came to six shillings and sixpence." There is your money," said the sailor, handing out the cash, which the boy
received with evident satisfaction at his morning's trade. No sooner was the bar-gain settled, than the sailor opened the cage door, and let the birds fly away.The boy, looking quite astonished, exclaimed, " What did you do that for, sir?
See, you have lost all your birds now."
1" I'll tell you why I did it," said the sailor. 1 1 was shut up three years in aFrench prison, as a prisoner of war, and I am resolved never to see anything in aprison that I can make free."
AMERICAN ANTI-SLAVERY ALMANAC.
The Cedar Tree.
Those abolitionists who have entered systematically upon the political warfareagainst slavery, have adopted for their emblem the Cedar of Lebanon. The printbelow, taken from the Pictorial Bible, is said to be an exact picture of one of thesevenerable trees, supposed to have stood from the days of King David.
" The Righteous shall grow like a Cedar of Lebanon.
—
Psalm xcii. 12.
THE CEDAR OF LEBANON.
The Cedar is the emblem of Constancy, of Protection, of Renown, of Immortality.
" JAMES G. BIRNEY.—When the Hickory of Tennessee, the Elm of NewYork, the Buckeye of Ohio, and the Persimmon of Virginia, shall have perished
into oblivion, our serviceable, fragrant, and ever-enduring CEDAR shall stretch its
sheltering arms over the nation, and tower aloft, as a memorial of virtuous deeds,
and a witness to the latest ages that God loves the good, and them that honor himhe will honor."
Song.
A song of the towering Cedar Tree,The emblem of the free
;
Here's glorious success to his tall, proud crest,
May it shade the Buckeye tree !
He hath stood in the wintry tempest's blast,
No trembling fear showed he;
But firm he stood as the storm howled past,With his strong arms branching free.
Chorus.—Then sing to the brave old Cedar Tree,Who shall rule in this land ere long
;
Here's health and renown to his broad green crownf
When the Buckeye tree is gone.
AMERICAN ANTI SLAVERY ALMANAC.
He saw the dark age, when popular rageWas a saddening sight to see,
And church and hall, both large and small,Were shut in the face of the free
;
And the night throughout, the maddening shoutWas heard of the drunken train
;
They, the vile and the base, shall die in disgrace,But the Cedar shall remain.
Chorus.—Then sing to the brave old Cedar Tree,Who shall rule in this land so long
;
Here's health and renown to his broad green crown,When the Buckeye tree is gone.
Political Principles.The Anti-Slavery Almanac for 1839, which obtained universal currency among
abolitionists in that day, laid down the principle as an axiom, " We will vote for
no man who votes against liberty !"
The great National Convention, of August 1, 1S39, at Albany, adopted the fol-
lowing resolutions :
—
1. " Resolved, That we will neither vote for, or support the election of any manfor President or Vice President of the United States, or for Governor or LieutenantGovernor, or any legislative office, who is not in favor of the immediate abolition
of slavery.
2. " Resolved, That every abolitionist who has a right to vote, be earnestly en-
treated to lose no opportunity to carry his abolition principles to the polls, andthereby cause our petitions to be heard through the medium of the ballot-box.
The following pledge is now recommended by the New-York Central Committeeto be circulated by town committees, for the purpose of ascertaining how manyvoters may be depended on in elections
:
Pledge.—The undersigned, legal voters of the town of , believing thatslavery is the greatest political evil in this nation, and that while it continues wecannot hope for permanent prosperity, do agree to unite our political power for its
peaceful and constitutional overthrow ; and we hereby pledge to each other and theworld our sacred honor to vote for the candidates of the Liberty Party for executiveand legislative offices whenever that party nominate men of good character andsuitable qualifications ; and in case that party should fail to nominate such candi-dates, we agree to vote for such persons only as will go to the extent of their con-stitutional power for the immediate abolition of slavery.
Necessity.
One crime creates a necessity for another ; but this very necessity aggravatesrather than justifies the guilt it produces. A case : The colored steward of a steam-boat hears a white man abuse his captain, and call him a miserable, trifling fellow.The steward gives him the lie—the white man strikes him, and is struck in return.The negro is taken up and sentenced to nine months' imprisonment, and the whiteman goes clear. " It is necessary," said the gentleman who told this—they couldnot get along in safety without such severity. Yes, it is necessary—and so, he thatsteals, finds it necessary to lie.
Another case :—A minister of the gospel—we knew such a one—meek, pious,gentle, self-denying : he is a merciful master, and has been so educated that it neverstrikes him slavery is wrong. One of his negroes expresses his feelings in rathertoo manly a style, on being rebuked ; in o her words, is " impertinent." The mer-ciful man, the minister of Christ, draws off, and fells him to the earth with his fist.
He never imagines that he is doing wrong—he sees that such acts are absolutelynecessary, if he would maintain obedience among his slaves. Having once admittedthe rightfulness of slavery, he must, by logical necessity, recognize as right what-ever is necessary to maintain it. If slaves are insolent, they must be whipped
—
else slavery must cease. If slaves run off, they must be whipped, stocked, orthumb-screwed, else slavery must cease.
AMERICAN ANTI-SLAVERY ALMANAC.
Strength of tlie North.The north has always had a majority in the U. S. House of Representatives.
Year. 1789 1793 1803 1813 1819 1823 1833 1839North. 35 57 77 103 105 124 141 142South. 30 50 65 79 81 90 99 100Maj. 5 7 12 24 24 34 42 42
In the Senate the north had a majority of two, (except from 1796 to 1802,) till
1812, when the admission of Louisiana equalized the representation in that body.Still the north, having power to choose the Vice President, may have the castingvote. It follows that every act of the nation is an act of the free nation. They arevirtually the nation. Whatever Congress does, or refuses to do, the final responsi-
bility rests upon the free states. The only way to absolve ourselves from the
guilt and shame of our national crimes is to discard those who perpetrate them,and choose men to represent us who will not vote down the foundation principles ofour government.
After the new apportionment, which will take effect in 1842, the representation
on a basis of 60,000 will be, north 154, south 97 ; north majority, 57. On the ad-
mission of Iowa, Wisconsin, and Florida, which will doubtless take effect in 1843,
it will be 156 to 98 ; north majority, 58. The Senate will then stand, north 30,south 28 ; north majority, 2. The electoral vote will then be, north 186, south 126
;
north majority, 60
!
" To the Polls."
BY SUSAN
Father ! in a happy home,Smiling when thy children come,Clustering around thy knee,Wilt thou have those children free?
Have them, one day, firmly standOn their " own," their " native land,"Never for a single hour,
Helpless slaves of tyrant power;
Have the proffer'd gifts of heaven,Chainless hand,unbranded brow,
Ever to thy loved ones given ?
To the polls !—secure them now.
Husband ! who each passing yearProvest thy chosen one more dear,
Think of many a deep felt trial,
Uncomplaining self denial
;
Torturing cares in silence borne,
Smiles of love, forever worn;
All her warm heart's pure affection,
—
Every claim on thy protection !
Be her breast to fear a stranger !
Though the threat'ning Southrons come,Guard her from approaching danger,To the polls !—protect her home.
Brother, with a parent's care !
He who filled that vacant chair,
He who watched thy early yearsWith a father's hopes and fears,
Left a sacred charge to thee,
—
Blooming youth and infancy •'
Guard that precious charge from wrong !
Threat'ning ills around them throng;Though a darkening cloud is o'er thee,Heed it not J—serenely bright
Is the narrow path before thee,
To the polls !—support the right.
Freemen ! would you still be free ?
As ye prize j^our liberty,
As you wish your sons may standWith unfettered soul and hand
;
As ye feel for those who've borneUndeserved reproach and scorn
;
As ye do not seek to find
Heavier chains the slave to bind;
As ye will not, lowly kneeling,
Bend your own necks to the chain
—
Oh ! by every generous feeling,
To the polls !—ne'er pause again.
A Church Sorely Bitten.The committee of funds of Old School Presbyterians, lately reported, forty three
thousand three hundred and fifty four dollars, exclusive of the funds invested in the
Vicksburg bank—as having been lost by the depreciation in the value of stocks,
chiefly in the South and South West. The amount sunk in the Vicksburg Bank is
supposed to be very large. So much for church investments among those who trade
in the souls and bodies of men.
AMERICAN ANTI-SLAVERY ALMANAC.
Relief for Sorrow.
The following stanzas, by the late Rev. C. Wilcox, contain true philosophy, as
well as poetry of surpassing beauty.
Wouldst thou from sorrow find a sweet relief,
Or is thy heart oppressed with woes untold?Balm wouldst thou gather for corroding grief?
—
Pour blessings round thee, like a shower of gold.
Rouse to some word of high and holy love,
And thou an angel's happiness shalt know
—
Shalt bless the earth, while in the world above :
The good begun by thee shall onward flow,
In many a branching stream, and wider grow;
The seed that in these few and fleeting hours,Thy hands unsparing and unwearied sow,Shall deck thy grave with amaranthine flowers,
And yield the fruits divine, in heaven's immortal bowers.
Education Maxims.
The following maxims, from the Common School Almanac for 1842, will showwhere the strength and wealth and improvement of the country are found. Re-marks are added in brackets.
Protection.—" Education," said Edmund Burke, " is the cheap defence ofnations."
[In the slave states, the mass of the people are uneducated, and the slave com-munity is unprotected.]
Insurance.—Education is the great Insurance Company, which insures all other
insurance companies. The safety of life and the security of property lie in the
virtue and intelligence of the people ; for what force has law, unless there is intel-
ligence to perceive its justice, and virtue to which that law can appeal.
[Hence the insecurity of both life and property throughout the south, and the
anxiety of slaveholders to remove their families and their capital to the north.]
Agriculture.—The soil does not produce according to its natural richness, but
according to the intelligence that works it. Therefore, the best manure farmerscan obtain, is a good school for the district where their children are to receive the
entire education. A good school will make the rich soil a blessing, and the barrenone productive.
[Who wonders that the soil of the south wears out, when " the intelligence that
works it" is systematically reduced to the lowest possible degree ?]
Government.—To govern men, there must be either Soldiers or Schoolmasters,Books or Bayonets, Camps and Campaigns, or Schools and Churches
—
the cartridgebox or the ballot box. . •
[The south is governed by the bowie knife and whip, and governs the north bythe power of sectarian and party discipline.]
Economy.— I would say, It is cheaper to educate the infant mind, than to sup-port the aged criminal. Yes, bestow the pence on common schools, and save the
pounds on prisons. Man was not made to be sent to prison, but to be educated;
and " the very worst use you can put a man to is to hang him."[The next worst use of a man is to make him a slave ; for
" Jove fix'd it certain that whatever dayMakes man a slave, takes half his worth away."
Unknown Laws.—The writer was once passing through a park and saw nailedto one of the trees, this warning : " All dogs found in this park will be shot." Afriend who was with us, remarked, " unless dogs can read they are pretty badly off
here." Now a man not able to read is worse off than the dog, for the dog has amaster to read for him ; but man has no master between him and his God.[How dreadful the cruelty of making statutes, as is done in the slave states, to
punish men who cannot read them, and how satanical the sacrilege of prohibitingman from learning to read the laws of his God.]
AMERICAN ANTI SLAVERY ALMANAC.
Fruits of Emancipation,
The liberality of the freed Christians in the West Indies, in contributing moneyfrom their scanty resources for the furtherance of the gospel, is most remarkable,and may well attract the attention of those managers of benevolent societies in theUnited States, who are courting the patronage of a handful of slaveholders, forgetfulof the time to come, when three millions of emancipated Americans will throngwith their gifts to the treasury of the Lord.The following anecdote, related by a minister from the West Indies, at a mis-
sionary meeting in England, is copied from the London Chronicle :
" You will perceive a considerable increase in the income of the station duringthe past year. That increase has been chiefly owing to a great effort which thepeople are now making towards a new chapel. In many instances I was obliged to
restrain their liberality. One incident occurred which 1 shall never forget. Incalling over the names, to ascertain how much they could give, I happened to call
the name of " Fitzgerald. Matthew." " I am here, sir," he instantly replied, andat the same time, I saw him hobbling with his wooden leg out of the crowd, to comeup to the table pew, where I was standing. I wondered what he meant, for theothers answered to their names without moving from their places. I was, however,forcibly struck with his apparent earnestness. On coming up, he put his hand into
one pocket, and took out a handful of silver wrapped in paper, and said, with alovely kind of abruptness, " That's for me, massa." " Oh," said I, "keep yourmoney at present, I don't want it now, I only wanted to know how much you couldafford to give ; I will come for the money another time." " Ah massa," he replied," God's work must be done, and 1 may be dead,'' and with that he plunged his handinto another pocket, and took out another handful of silver, and said, " That's for
my wife, massa." Then he put his hand into a third pocket, and took out a some-what similar parcel, and said, " That's for my child, massa," and at the same timegiving me a slip of paper, which somebody had written for him, to say how muchthe whole was. It was altogether near j£3 sterling—a large sum for a poor field
negro with a wooden leg. But his expression was to me worth more than all the
money in the world. 1 have heard eloquent preachers in England, and have felt,
and felt deeply under their ministrations ; but never have I been so impressed withanything they have said, as with the simple expression of this poor negro. Let menever forget it ; let it be engraven on my heart ; let it be my motto in all that I
take in hand for the cause of Christ—' God's work must be done, and I may bedead.' »
Woman.Not she with trait'rous kiss her Saviour stung,Not she denied him with unholy tongue
;
She, when apostles shrunk, could danger brave,
Last at the Cross, and earliest at the grave.
Public Opinion.
Laws do not change opinion, but opinion changes Law.Public opinion is the Throne of a republic ; and it is eloquently and correctly said
by M. de Tocqueville, that " the greatest despotism on earth is an excited, untaughtpublic sentiment ; and hence, we should not only hate despots, but despotism."" When I feel the hand of unjust power, I care little to know who oppresses me
;
the yoke is not easier, because it is held out to me by the hands of a million of men."The best means of correcting public sentiment, is to agitate it ; for " when thought
is agitated truth rises." Therefore, let light, by means of the Press, and the living
voice, be poured upon the public mind.We must agitate : for Reform, like a top, will fall as soon as we stop whipping.We have not only to strike while the iron is hot, but we must make the iron hot
by striking.
AMERICAN ANTI-SLAVERY ALMANAC.
" They can't talte care of themselves."
Two slaves in Louisiana were let nut by their master, at a considerable distancefrom his own residence. They were skilful, intelligent mechanics, and of coursehe obtained high wages for their work. What time remained after their daily al-
lotted tasks were finished, they were allowed to have for themselves ; and these
precious hours they employed most industriously, with the view of purchasing their
freedom. When they had accumulated, by patient toil, a sum which they deemedsufficient, they endeavoured to negotiate with their master; but without success.
Again they went to work ; and after two or three years, were enabled to offer a sumso large, that they felt almost certain it would tempt him to accede to their wishes.
But he found them too profitable to be lightly parted with ; moreover, whateverthey had of property was in reality his. He might, with perfect impunity, havetaken all their hard-earned wages, and kept them in slavery still, as thousands ofslaveholders had done before him. But whether he doubted their having so muchmoney as they pretended, or whether he was too honorable to steal more than ninety-
nine hundredths of their earnings, I know not ; at all events, he would not listen to
their proposition on any terms.Finding they could not purchase liberty, they wisely resolved to take it. The
enterprise was a perilous one ; for through a long line of slave States, they must runthe gauntlet of patrols, blood-hounds, lynchers, jail-keepers, and rifles—and if theyreached the States called free, they must dodge constables and kidnappers, backedby the glorious Constitution.
They were sufficiently intelligent and well-informed to understand the dangersthey would incur, and to devise a most cunning method of avoiding them.They made themselves acquainted with a white beggar and made him offers large
enough to secure his secresy. They dressed him in a handsome suit of clothes, andthrough his agency purchased a carriage and a fine span of horses. They broughtthe carriage to an appointed place, stood hat in hand while he entered, and thenmounted outside, as footman and groom. Of course no patrol thought of challen-
ging such an equipage ; and a white gentleman travelling through the country, at-
tended by his servants, was welcome at all the inns. The obsequiousness of their
manners was an admonition to their brethren in bonds. " Yes, massa," and " Cer-tainly, massa," were accompanied with the most profound bows, and spoken in thehumblest tones.
The trio arrived in Buffalo unmolested ; there the carriage and horses were sold;
aDd the white beggar paid handsomely for consenting to play the gentleman.The slaves passed over to Victoria's dominions, whence they wrote a very friend-
ly letter to their whilom master, begging that he would feel no uneasiness on their
account, as they were most comfortably situated.
—
l. m. c.
Southern Paymasters.
At a late anti-slavery convention in Hamilton county, Ohio, S. P. Chase, Esq.,said he had endeavored to ascertain the amount annually lost by the counties ofHamilton, Clermont, and Brown, through the inability of southern planters andmerchants to pay their debts, contracted for produce and merchandise sold to themon credit from those counties, and that so far as he could find data, the sum teas
equal to the taxes paid by those counties. The Hon. Thomas Morris confirmed this
statement, and said moreover, that it was in reality greater than the amount oftaxes thus paid. The daily professional business of these gentlemen is extendingto all these counties, and they have every facility to ascertain the fact
In looking over the June number of the Knickerbocker, we perceive the names ofdelinquent subscribers are published, with the sums that are due from each. Thewhole sum due from such subscribers in the number before us, is $173, of which sum$145 50 is due from southern subscribers, which is more than five-sixths of the
whole. It is believed that there are ten numbers of the Knickerbocker taken at thenorth, where there is one at the south. If so, then we have indebted ess from thesouth about 60 to 1.
AMERICAN ANTI-SLAVERY ALMANAC.
Patriotism and its Reward,
An Ohio paper gives the following piece of history, which may well make ourAnglo-Saxon pride hide its head.
" In the late American war with Great Britain, at the battle of Brownstone, in
the year 1812, when the American soldiers were defeated and flying in every direc-
tion from a savage foe, ensign Foster, of Williamsburg, Clermont county, discoveredhis friend, Capt.Boerstler, of the same place, wounded in the forehead with a smallrifle ball, which had penetrated the skull, but had lodged on the dura mater. Cap-tain B. was sitting on a log, his horse killed, and he unable from his wound to makea retreat. At this moment Mr. B , who was slightly wounded in the wrist,
came hurrying by on horseback, under the care of Col. , of the Chilicothe regi-
ment. Ensign Foster, seeing this opportunity for the escape of his friend, Capt.Boerstler, seized him with herculean strength, and in an instant set him on thehorse behind Mr. B . Mr. B. immediately became alarmed for his own safety,
and began to cry, supposing the weight of the captain on his horse would retard his
flight. Col. , who had the care of Mr. B., on seeing what had transpired, im-mediately drew his sword on Ensign Foster, who gave back, and Capt. Boerstlerfell from the horse to the ground. At this moment, Capt. John, a man of color, thewaiter of Gen. Finley, of Cincinnati, came in sight, making good his retreat oir aswift horse. On seeing the ignoble conduct of Col. and Mr. B., in refusingassistance to a wounded fellow soldier in the hour of danger, he became indignant,dismounted his horse at once, placed the captain in his saddle, and ensign Fosterbehind to assist him in securing his retreat, while he (Capt. John,) fled on foot.
So the persons of whom I have spoken arrived safely at the fort. Capt. Boerstler,
though his wound was not mortal, died in a short time, being killed by a drunkensurgeon in attempting to extract the ball.
All will be anxious to know what has become of Mr. B., and what has become ofCapt. John. Mr. B.'s wound in the wrist being slight, he soon recovered, returnedto his friends, by whom he was caressed and regarded as an honorable man, and asoldier who had braved the dangers of war, and fought the battles of his country.Nor did his country do him less honor. He has drawn a pension of ninety-six
dollars per annum, to the amount of hundreds of dollars. He is now living in
Clermont county, in the possessioff.of a good living, enjoying all the blessings ofliberty.
But where is Capt John, who so generously perilled his own life to save that of afellow soldier? Did he return to his country crowned with military honors? Hewas denied a country. Was he pensioned by the General Government for his
bravery on the battle field, and his generosity evinced in voluntarily giving up his
own horse to save a fellow soldier, and trusting to his own fleetness for safety ?
No \ He was one of those persons who, by the black acts of 1804 and 1807, are
prohibited from settling in Ohio, unless they give a resident white security for their
good behavior ! Ask a man to give security for his good behavior, who behaveshimself as Capt. John did at the battle of Brownstown ! I
In 18— , when the doctrine held and taught by the Colonization Society, that ne-
groes are fit only for missionaries, had been extensively propagated and generallybelieved, the self-styled guardians of the liberties of the people, in true mobocraticstyle, drove Capt. John, with hundreds of others, out of Cincinnati. As Capt. Johnwas on his way from Cincinnati to Canada, he called at Williamsburgh, where hehad an interview with the surviving friends of Capt. Boerstler, who advised him to
give security for his good behavior, &c, to which he replied, " I will give no security
in a country where I have fought its battles and am not even suspected of crime."
The Greatest Man.The greatest man is he who chooses the right with invincible resolution ; who
resists the sorest temptations from within and from without ; who bears the heaviest
burdens cheerfully ; who is calmest in storms, and most fearless under menaces andfrowns ; whose reliance on truth, on virtue, on God, is unfaltering.
—
Channing.
AMEBICAW ANTI-SLAVERY ALMANAC.
Testimony from Jamaica.The Hon. Edward Jordon, of Kingston, Jamaica, is a magistrate, a member of
the Provincial Assembly, and one of the editors of the leading daily Journal. His
Eosition is conservative, rather leaning to the planting interest ; so much, that heas been denounced by the ultra-abolitionists of the island as recreant to liberty.
In a letter to the Rev. C. S. Renshaw, dated May 5, 1841, he makes the following
statements in regard to the effect of emancipation.
You ask, " is there any manifest improvement in the physical and moral con
ditions of the rural population generally." My answer is, I think there has been a
very manifest improvement in the physical and moral condition of the rural popula-
tion of the island. The transition from slavery and apprenticeship, to unrestricted
freedom, has been productive of the best effects. The increased pecuniary meansof the people, has led to their increased comfort and happiness. They are better
fed, clothed, and lodged, than they were. They have more time for rest, and to
attend to their religious duties. Marriage is becoming, or has become more gen-
eral among them, and altogether the effects of religious instruction appear to memore evident, than at any previous period. It is impossible to contrast the present
and the past condition of the people generally, without being struck with the aston-
ishing change that has taken place for the better." What are the causes of the great falling off in the island staples ?"
The demand for high wages on the part of the newly emancipated, which the
employers would not consent to pay, together with the disputes about rent of houses
and grounds, prevented the available labor of the colony from being applied to the
extent it otherwise would have been. These disputes had scarcely terminated,
when the drought set in. To these circumstances I attribute the falling off, whichhas been very considerable.
" Has property generally appreciated, or only when broken into small lots?"
It is not only when broken into small lots that the value of property has increased.
Estates in the country, and houses in the towns, have since the abolition sold
readily, and at higher rates than were ever expected. This, however, was the
result of a large amount of compensation money being brought into the colony for
investment, as well as the increased confidence produced by emancipation.
Be Faithful unto the End.A German, whose sense of sound was remarkably acute, was passing by a church,
a day or two after he had landed in this country, and the sound of music attracted
him to enter, though he had no knowledge of our language. The music proved to
be a piece ol nasal psalmody, sung in a most discordant fashion ; and the sensitive
German would fain have covered his ears. As this was scarcely civil, and mightappear like insanity, his next impulse was to rush into the open air. " But this,
too, I feared to do?
" said he, " lest offence might be given ; so I resolved to en-
dure the torture with the best fortitude I could assume j when, lo ! I distinguished
amid the din, the soft, clear voice of a woman, singing in perfect tune. She madeno effort to drown the voices of her companions, neither was she disturbed by their
noisy discord ; but patiently and sweetly she sang in full, rich tones ; one after
another yielded to the gentle influence ; and before the tune was finished, all werein perfect harmony."
I have often thought of this story, as conveying an instructive lesson to reform-ers. The spirit that can thus sing patiently and sweetly in a world of discord, mustindeed be of the strongest as well as the gentlest kind. Scarce can one hear his
own voice amid the braying of a multitude ; and ever and anon comes the tempta-tion to sing louder than they, and drown the voices that cannot thus be forced into
perfect time. But this were a pitiful experiment ; the melodious tones, crackedwto shrillness, would only increase the tumult.
Stronger, and more frequently comes the temptation to stop singing, and let dis-
cord do its own wild work. But blessed are they that endure to the end—singingpatiently and sweetly, till all join in with loving acquiescence, and universal har-
mony prevails, without forcing into submission the free discord of a single voice.'
—
Mrs. Child.
AMERICAN ANTI SLAVERY ALMANAC.
Principles of Christian. Fellowship.
The Congregational Church in Canterbury, N. H., April 9, 1841,
Resolved, That we cannot, conscientiously, extend the hand ^ r Chrsstian fellow-ship to churches that tolerate slaveholding in their members ; nor will we invite toour communion table, or into the pulpit, those who claim a right to hold propertyin man., The Presbytery of Ripley, Ohio, May 7, 1841
,
Resolved, That in the opinion of this Presbytery, the sin of slaveholding shouldbe treated as any other sin, and therefore, that this Presbytery will not receiveunder its care, for the purpose of licensure, any person known to be guilty of this
sin/ without satisfactory evidence of his having repented of it. And that ministersthus guilty, who may be received to this Presbytery by certificate from other Pres-byteries, be instructed, that we shall feel ourselves bound to pursue the same stepsof labor and discipline, as in the case of any other similar offence ; and that thesessions of our churches be requested to act on the same principle in regard to theadmission of members to their respective churches.The Baptist Association of Black River, N. Y., 1841,
Resolved, That American slavery is sinful under all possible circumstances
—
essential ingredients are those flagrant violations of God's law and the rights ofman which the Bible everywhere condemns, and- which, separate from slavery,everywhere exclude those who are guilty of them from the pale of the christian
church.Resolved, Therefore, that to exclude slaveholders from the pulpit and the com-
munion table, is^to institute no new " test "—that the test is as old as Christianity,
and identical with its most legitimate workings aud its most commonly receivedpractices.
The General Anti-Slavery Convention in London, June, 1840, on motion of Rev.John Angell James,
Resolved, That this meeting, while it disclaims the intention or desire of dictatingto Christian communities the terms of their fellowship, respectfully submits that it
is their incumbent duty to separate from their communion dll those persons, who,after they have been faithfully warned in the spirit of tke?gospel, continue in the sin
of enslaving their fellow creatures, or holding them in slavery—a sin, by the com-mission of which, with whatever mitigating circumstances it maybe attended in
their own particular instance, they give the support of their example to the wholesystem of compulsory servitude, and the unutterable horrors of the slave trade.
What has become of that Leather 1
An industrious and careful citizen of the North, a tanner by trade, was arguing
with an abolitionist, that he had no concern with slavery.
Abol. How much did you lay up last year ?
Tan. You know I could not lay up a great deal, I lost so much.
Abol. How came you to lose so much ?
Tan. I sold fifteen hundred dollars worth of leather to Mr. , the carriage-
maker, on credit, and he failed, and I lost the debt.
Abol. How came Mr. lb fail? He has been considered a very industrious
man and a good manager, neither intemperate nor extravagant?
Tan. You know he sells his carriages chiefly at the South, where they always
have to give long credits, and for four or five years it has been so difficult to collect
debts in Mississippi and Alabama, and the exchanges have been so bad, that it has
used up all his capital, profits, credit; and everything, and he can't pay me a cent
for my leather.
Abol. But what makes it so difficult to collect debts at the South? Why don't
they work harder and live closer, when it comes hard times, as we do, and so pay up ?
Tan. I see what you are driving at. It is all owing to slavery. I understand
now, that the fifteen hundred dollars is my tax for this year to support slavery.
Abol. Just so.
