anthraquinone glycosides

13
Anthraquinone Glycosides Most of agents are used as laxatives and purgatives . Cochineal is a dye . Mechanism : The glycosides are absorbed from the small intestine and re-excreted in the large intestine where they increase the motility so produce laxation . Aglycons produce griping effect so it is recommended to prescribe antispasmodic with them .

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Pharmacognosy Lec.No.2Date:- 30-9-2011

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Anthraquinone glycosides

Anthraquinone Glycosides

Most of agents are used as laxatives and purgatives.

Cochineal is a dye.

Mechanism:The glycosides are absorbed from the small intestine and re-excreted in the large intestine where they increase the motility so produce laxation.

Aglycons produce griping effect so it is recommended to prescribe antispasmodic with them.

Page 2: Anthraquinone glycosides

Chemistry:Chemically these are

related to anthracene.

Page 3: Anthraquinone glycosides

a) Aloe

Botanical origin:Aloe barbadensis

Aloe ferox

Aloe perryi

Aloe vera

Family:Asphodelaceae

Part used:Dried juice of leaves

Page 4: Anthraquinone glycosides

Collection:Leaves are cut from 9-12 years old plant and placed in v-shaped trough which in turn is placed on incline so that juice can be collected in receiver. It is allowed to evaporate, finally thickened juice is placed in metal box for drying.

Chemistry:Barbaloin is active ingredient.

Upon hydrolysis, it yields;Aloe emodin

Uses:Laxatives and purgatives

Emollient

Ingredient of benzoin tincture

Page 5: Anthraquinone glycosides

b) CascaraBotanical Origin:

Cascara sagradaRhamnus purshiana

Family:Rhamnaceae

Part used:Dried bark

Collection:Bark is collected from April to August when it can be readily separated from wood. It is dried in shade.

Page 6: Anthraquinone glycosides

Chemistry :

Cascarosides

Cascarosides A and B (related to Barbaloin)

Cascarosides C and D (related to chrysaloin)

Page 7: Anthraquinone glycosides
Page 8: Anthraquinone glycosides

c) RhubarbBotanical Origin:

Rheum officinaleRheum emodi

Family:Polygonaceae

Part used:Dried rhizome and root

Collection:Rhizome and roots are collected from 6-10 years old plant in spring or autumn. These are dried either in sunlight or by artificial heat.

Page 9: Anthraquinone glycosides

Chemistry: Active constituent is Rhein anthrone.

Page 10: Anthraquinone glycosides

d) Senna

Botanical Origin:Cassia angustifolia

Cassia acutifolia

Family:Febaceae

Part used:Dried leaflets

Page 11: Anthraquinone glycosides

Chemistry:It contains;

Sennoside A and B

Sennoside C and D

Page 12: Anthraquinone glycosides

e) Cochineal

Zoological Origin: Dactylopius coccus

Family: Dactylopidus

Part used: Dried female insects

containing eggs and larvae

Collection: Insects are collected and

killed by steam or hot water. These are dried in oven.

Page 13: Anthraquinone glycosides

Chemistry: Active constituent is Carminic acid.

In addition it also contains;

10% wax

2% wax

Uses: As a dye in;

Fabrics

Cosmetics

Food

Paints

Colouring agent for pills etc.