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Page 1: ANT 3930 - Anthropology of Disasters FALL 2013 …anthro.ufl.edu/files/Anthropology-of-Disasters-Fall-2013.pdf · ANT 3930 - Anthropology of Disasters FALL 2013 ... Research Report

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ANT 3930 - Anthropology of Disasters FALL 2013 Mondays 12:40pm; Wednesdays 12:40 pm – 2:45 pm Meeting Time: FLO 100

Instructor: Crystal Andrea Felima, MPS contact: [email protected] Office Location and Hours: Turlington B329 MW 11:00 am – 12: 30 pm or by appointment Whether caused by natural events or man-made forces, flooding, genocide, famine, mass rape, terrorist attacks, deforestation, and public health epidemics are all examples of disasters. This course offers students an overview of how these disasters emerge from the confluence of a natural or man-made force, risk, and vulnerability from an anthropological perspective. In addition, the themes of development, vulnerability, human rights, race, and gender in the context of disasters will also be explored. Students interested in non-profits, emergency response, humanitarian organizations, and disaster management should find this course particularly informative. This course aims to be heavily participatory in which students must engage in themes and topics regarding disasters and human catastrophes. As a team-oriented course, general questions to be addressed through the readings and classroom interaction are:

• What can we learn about culture and society from the study of past disasters? • What is the role of humans in creating disasters or the conditions for disasters? • How can we use information on past disasters to better prepare for and respond to emergent

disasters? • Who benefits from these vulnerabilities and why are they maintained even after repeated

disaster events? • What is the role of an anthropologist in disaster research and disaster management?

Specific issues to be examined through the readings and weekly discussions will include:

• Types of natural and man-made disaster events, their causes, impacts and implications • The perception of disaster events by the humans • Discussions of human rights and development • How risk and damage are assessed in disaster events • The interplay of race, income, gender, age, and disability in disaster events • The impact of disaster upon community, public health, and infrastructures • The post-disaster continuum of impact and intervention - from initial response efforts

(humanitarian intervention) through reconstruction Course Readings: There is no textbook for this course. All required and recommended readings will be available on the E-learning website, under the “Resource” tab.

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COURSE REQUIREMENTS Class participation/Attendance: Attendance will be taken in each class each day. Students are expected to come to class having read carefully the reading assignments for that session. They should be prepared to contribute to class discussions by raising questions and comments related to the topic for that class. All students must attend presentation days—your grade will be impacted if you miss a presentation day. For Weeks 1-14, you have two “get-out-of-class free cards”. Each additional absence will lower your grade by half a grade (i.e. from A to A-, from A- to B+, etc.). If you plan to miss class, please contact the instructor well before class by email or in person. Also, the deadline for submitting your reading notes will not be extended if you are absent. Reading Notes/Commentary: In order to ensure an active and engaged class, this course requires students to read the materials outlined in the syllabus. Therefore, students must write TEN 2-page commentary, quotes, and/or questions that flow from the readings assigned from that week. The first page is reserved for your quotes and questions. The second page is for your commentary. Papers must be posted on Sakai by 11:59 pm on Tuesday of each week, and are accepted in Sakai in the assignments section. There are no late submissions for reading notes. All notes should be in singled-spaced, Times New Roman, 12-point font, 1 inch margins. There should be no more than 1 page of quotes. Panel Discussion: Every Wednesday, a student panel will present comments and/or questions and help to lead discussion of the readings in class for at least an hour. This assignment is intended to bring in whatever insights students wish to contribute, based on the readings, class discussions, and their own experiences and observations. Students can include videos, news articles, and additional materials. This is an opportunity to be a well-informed disaster organization/personnel and to articulate key issues from that week. You can submit your 2-page reading commentary the same week you present. Panel member(s) will evaluate half of your grade. Research Report and Presentation: Since disaster and development organizations are heavily collaborative, this class will be team-oriented. On Wednesday, September 4th, students will form teams to represent a humanitarian, development or disaster organization. Examples are FEMA, Partners in Health, Doctors without Borders, UNICEF, and World Health Organization. Each Monday, a team will prepare a 7-10-minute presentation of their organization. Students can include short videos clips, news articles and other useful resources in their presentation. This will serve as an opportunity to familiarize students with these organizations, their missions, and their former/current programs and initiatives. At the end of the class, teams will present a major research report regarding a disaster. Student Evaluation: Reading Notes/Commentary 100 points Panel Discussion 30 points Team Presentation 20 points Preliminary Statement 10 points Draft 20 points Final Draft 30 points Final Presentation 40 points ------------- 250 points

Course Grading Scale (by %):

A 93-100 A- 90-92 B+ 87-89 B 84-86 B- 80-83 C+ 77-79 C 74-76 C- 70-73 D+ 67-69 D 64-66 D- 60-63 F 59 and

below

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INFORMATION FOR TEAM RESEARCH REPORT

Research experience will provide exposure to research methodology and an opportunity to work closely with a faculty advisor, the executive researcher, or field supervisor. During the semester, the team will submit a research report that will be presented at the end of the semester, and submitted to the professor for review. A research report is a document prepared by an analyst or researcher who is a part of the research team. A disaster research report focuses on specific themes such the event, the impact of the event (causalities, economic losses, trauma, etc.), the geographic region or country, demographics, and disaster management efforts. Research reports generally, but not always, have “actionable” recommendations. These projects are to be developed over the course of the semester. They should focus on a particular event, analyzing disaster stages, vulnerability, economic impacts and fatalities, and/or recovery and reconstruction. The project should focus on a clearly defined research question or problem, and show why it is important and relevant to the course. Example topics of research projects:

• Famines (e.g. East Africa) • Genocide in Rwanda, Bosnia, etc. • Hurricane Katrina

• Flooding (e.g. Bangladesh, Haiti) • Haiti Earthquake • Civil Wars (e.g. Syria, Liberia)

Several steps are required for the final project:

1. The team should identify a general topic of interest by Wednesday, September 11th.

2. Your team must turn in a 1 page summary statement (single-spaced) of the research topic and objectives that will be addressed for their final project on Wednesday, September 24th. A preliminary list of bibliographic sources (approximately 6-10) in AAA writing style must be attached.

3. The team must prepare a 5 - 7 page draft (single-spaced) of the project to be turned in by Wednesday, October 16th. Your team will have opportunities during class to meet with their team to discuss project ideas. Your group member(s) will determine part of your grade. Professor will provide in-depth comments in order to facilitate the production of a successful research report.

4. Finally, the team will present their research the last two weeks of class. Final papers (10 - 12

page paper, single spaced) will be due on Wednesday, December 4th. Groups will have 20 - 25 minutes to present. Presentations will be graded on the significance of the research problem defined, conceptual and theoretical clarity, the coherence and creativity of the analysis, the quality of the writing and organization of the project, and relevance to issues addressed in the course. The audience, your group members, and the professor will calculate your presentation grade.

TIP: Please utilize the Writing Center, located within the Teaching Center in SW Broward Hall. It offers free services to staff and students. For more information: http://writing.ufl.edu/writing-center/

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ADDITIONAL COURSE INFORMATION GRADING POLICY: Students who wish to discuss grades on assignments should contact the instructor within 48 hours of posting to arrange a meeting time. Do not wait until the end of the semester to question grades or request special consideration. Forty-eight hours after posting, all grades are final.

Also, no incompletes will be given for this course. ACADEMIC HONESTY: Academic dishonesty will not be tolerated. As a registered student in this course and at the University of Florida, you have agreed to the following statement:

“I understand that the University of Florida expects its students to be honest in all their academic work. I agree to adhere to this commitment to academic honesty and understand that my failure to comply with this commitment may result in disciplinary action up to and including expulsion from the University.”

If you are caught plagiarizing, you will receive an automatic zero and will be referred to University administration for disciplinary action. If you have any doubt with citing correctly, please ask the instructor for guidance. You can also refer to the University’s Honor Code for more information regarding university policies at: http://www.registrar.ufl.edu/catalog/policies/students.html. STUDENT CONDUCT: All students must comply with the Student Conduct Code, which can found at http://www.dso.ufl.edu/studentguide/studentconductcode.php. Behavior that interferes with the instructor’s ability to conduct the class or the ability of other students to benefit from the instructional program will not be tolerated. Please silence/vibrate cell phones and all other electronic devices before class. Laptops may only be used to take notes (i.e. please wait to check your Facebook and Twitter at the end of class). Disruptive students (i.e. texting through class, talking on the phone, or making rude comments) will be asked to leave. DISABILITY ACCOMMODATIONS: Students requesting classroom accommodation must first register with the Dean of Students Office. The Dean of Students Office will provide documentation to the student who must then provide this documentation to the instructor when requesting accommodation. The Disability Resource office is located in 001 Reid Hall. Further information can be found at www.dso.ufl.edu/drp. UF COUNSELING SERVICES: Resources are available on campus for students having personal or goal oriented problems:

1. University Counseling Center, 301 Peabody Hall, 392-1575

2. Student Mental Health, Student Health Care Center, 391-1171 (personal counseling)

3. Sexual Assault Recovery Services (SARS), Student Health Care Center, 392-1161

4. Career Resource Center, Reitz Union, 392-1601

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COURSE OUTLINE FOR THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF DISASTERS As with culture, this syllabus is subjected to change.

Week 1: Introduction of Course Wednesday, August 21st

o Hoffman, Susanna M. (2005) “Katrina and Rita: A Disaster Anthropologist’s Thoughts”. In Anthropology News, http://aaanet.org/press/an/1105/Hoffman.htm

o Hoffman, Susanna M. (2010) “Of Increasing Concern Disaster and the Field of Anthropology”. In Anthropology News.

Week 2: The Anthropology of and in Disasters Monday, August 26th

Wednesday, August 28th Guest Speaker: Dr. Anthony Oliver-Smith, Emeritus Professor—University of Florida

o Oliver-Smith, Anthony (1995) “What is a Disaster?” Anthropological Perspectives on a Persistent Question (ch. 1) in The Angry Earth

o Oliver-Smith, Anthony (1996) Anthropological research on hazards and disasters. In Annual Review of Anthropology 25:303-28.

o Henry, Doug 2005. “Anthropological Contributions to the Study of Disasters”. In Disciplines, Disasters and Emergency Management.

Week 3: Risk and Vulnerability in Disaster Scenarios Monday, September 2nd (No class) Wednesday, September 4th Form Disaster Teams

o Terry Cannon (1994) “Vulnerability Analysis and the Explanation of 'Natural' Disasters” in Disasters, Development and Environment.

o Wisner, Ben 2003. “Sustainable Suffering? Reflections on Development and Disaster Vulnerability”. In Regional Development Dialogue 24 (1): 135-148.

o Tobin, Graham A., Heather M. Bell, Linda M. Whiteford, and Burrell E. Montz 2006. “Vulnerability of Displaced Persons: Relocation Park Residents in the Wake of Hurricane Charley”. In International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 24(1):77–109.

o Mark Pelling, “Paradigms of Risk”

Additional Resources: o Olorunfemi, F.B & Raheem U. Adebimpe

(2008) “Sustainable Disaster Risk Reduction in Nigeria: Lessons for Developing Countries”. African Research Review Vol. 2 (2) 2008 pp. 187-217

o Cutter, Susan L. Bryan. J. Boruff, and W. Lynn Shirley 2003. Social Vulnerability to Environmental Hazards. In Social Science Quarterly 84 (1):242-261.

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Week 4: Myths, Realities, and Cultural Representations of Disasters Monday, September 9th Wednesday, September 11th Panel 1

o Masquelier, A. 2006. “Why Katrina’s Victims Aren’t Refugees: Musings on a ‘Dirty’ Word”. American Anthropologist 108/4: 7

o Kleinman and Kleinman (1996), “The Appeal of Experience; The Dismay of Images: Cultural Appropriations of Suffering in Our Times.” In Daedalus, Vol. 125 (1): 1-23.

o Tierney, Kathleen, Christine Bevc, and Erica Kuligowski. 2006. “Metaphors Matter: Disaster Myths, Media Frames, and Their Consequences in Hurricane Katrina.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 604(1): 57-87.

o Glantz, Michael H. 1977. Nine Fallacies of Natural Disaster: The Case of the Sahel. In Climatic Change 1: 69-84.

Week 5: Gendering Disasters Monday, September 16th Wednesday, September 18th Panel 2

o Enarson, Elaine et al (2006) “Gender and Disasters: Foundations and Directions”. In H. Rodriguez, E. L. Quarantelli and R. Dynes (eds), Handbook of Disaster Research, pp. 130-146.

o Fothergill, Alice. 1996. “Gender, Risk and Disaster”. In IJMED 14 (1): 33-56.

o Enarson, Elaine (2000) “We will make meaning out of this: Women’s Cultural Responses to the Red River Valley Flood”. In International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters (IJMED) 18(1) 39-62.

o Charli Carpenter (2006) “Recognizing Gender-Based Violence Against Civilian Men and Boys in Conflict” in Security Dialogue 37: 83

Additional Resources: o Lindner, Evelin (2002) Gendercide and

Humiliation in Honor and Human Rights Societies. Journal of Genocide Research. 4 (1) 137-155 (This complements the article by Carpenter)

o Fordham, Maureen (1999) “The Intersection of Gender and Social Class in Disaster: Balancing Resilience and Vulnerability”. In International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters (IJMED) 17(1): 15-38.

o Textbook: Chapter 4 - Maureen Fordham - “Gender, disaster and development: The necessity for integration”

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Week 6: Race, Ethnicity and Inequality Monday, September 23th Wednesday, September 24th Panel 3

o Fothergil et al (1999) “Race, Ethnicity, and Disasters in the United States” in Disasters 23(2) 156-173.

o Erica M. Czaja (2008) “Katrina’s Southern ‘Exposure’: The Kanye Race Debate and the Repercussions of Discussion”

o Kathleen Bergin (2006) “Witness: The Racialized Gender Implications of Katrina”

o deSilva, M. W. Amarasiri 2008. “Ethnicity, Politics and Inequality: Post-tsunami Humanitarian Aid Delivery in Ampara District, Sri Lanka”. In Disasters 33(2): 253-273.

Additional Resources: o Thomas J. Durant Jr. and Dawood Sultan (2008)

“The Impact of Hurricane Katrina on the Race and Class Divide in America.”

Week 7: Public Health Emergencies Monday, September 30th Wednesday, October 2nd Panel 4

Additional Resources: o Nading, Alex (2011) “Cities, Infectious Diseases,

and the Embodiment of Place.” Anthropology News.

o Howe, Paul. (2002), Reconsidering ‘Famine’. IDS Bulletin, 33: 19–27.

o McGinn, Therese (2000) Reproductive Health of War-Affected Populations: What Do We Know? International Family Planning Perspectives. 26(4): 174-180

o Lakoff, Andrew, 2008. “The Generic Biothreat, or, How We Became Unprepared”. Cultural Anthropology. 23(3): 399-428

Additional Resources: o Moore, Hen (1990) “When is a Famine Not a

Famine?” Anthropology Today 6(1) o Morgan, Oliver. 2004. Infectious disease risks

from dead bodies following natural disasters. Pan American Journal of Public Health 15 (5): 307-12.

o Ambrose, Charles T. (2005) Osler and the Infected Letter. Emerging Infectious Diseases 11(5):689-693.

o Lowe, Celia. 2010. “Viral Clouds: Becoming H5N1 in Indonesia.” Cultural Anthropology 25(4): 625-649

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Week 8: Displacement, Resettlement, and Development as Disaster Monday, October 7th Wednesday, October 9th Panel 5

o Levine, Joyce N., Ann-Margaret Esnard and Alka Sapat (2007) “Population Displacement and Housing Dilemmas Due to Catastrophic Disasters”. Journal of Planning Literature 22 (1) 3-15.

o Colson, E. (2003) “Forced Migration and the Anthropological Response”. In Journal of Refugee Studies 16 (1): 1-18.

o Nygren, Anja (2003) “Violent Conflicts and Threatened Lives: Nicaraguan Experiences of Wartime Displacement and Postwar Distress”. Journal of Latin American Studies 35 (2) : 367-393.

o Lawrence Vale & Annemarie Gray (2013): “The Displacement Decathlon”. Design Observer.

o Jennifer Wells (2003) “A dam for the people, and a people damned”. The Toronto Star.

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES o Gebre, Y. (2003) “Resettlement and the Unnoticed

Losers: Impoverishment Disasters among the Gumz in Ethiopia”. In Human Organization 62 (1): 50-61.

o Bernal, Victoria 1997. “Colonial Moral Economy and the Discipline of Development: The Gezira Scheme and ‘Modern’ Sudan”. In Cultural Anthropology 12(4): 447-479.

Week 9: Children and Disasters Monday, October 14th Wednesday, October 16th Panel 6

o Jason Hart (2006) “Saving Children: What Role for Anthropology?” Anthropology Today. 22 (1): 5-8

o Gibbs, S. 1994. “Post-war Social Reconstruction in Mozambique: Re-framing Children’s Experience of Trauma and Healing”. In Disasters 18 (3): 268-276.

o Ensor, Marisa (2008) “Children, Climate Change and Disasters: Challenges and Opportunities for Disaster Anthropology”. In Anthropology News, April.

o Babugura, Agnes A. 2008. “Vulnerability of Children and Youth in Drought Disasters: A Case Study of Botswana.” Children, Youth, and Environments 18(1): 126-157.

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES o Mitchell, Tom, Katharine Haynes, Nick HaIl, Wei

Choong, and Katie Oven. 2008. “The Roles of Children and Youth in Communicating Disaster Risk.” Children, Youth, and Environments 18(1): 254-279.

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Week 10: Communities Confronting ‘Natural’ Disasters Monday, October 21st Wednesday, October 23rd Panel 7

o Van Willigen, Marieke, Terri Edwards, Bob Edwards, and Shawn Hessee. (2002) “Riding Out the Storm: Experiences of the Physically Disabled during Hurricanes Bonnie, Dennis, and Floyd.” Natural Hazards Review 3(3): 98-106.

o Ehren B. Ngo (2001) “When Disasters and Age Collide: Reviewing Vulnerability of the Elderly”. Natural Hazards Review 2:80-89.

o Stonich, S. 2008. “International Tourism and Disasters: The Case of Hurricane Mitch in Honduras” in Capitalizing On Catastrophe: Neoliberal Strategies in Disaster Reconstruction. Edited by Nandini Gunewardena, Mark Schuller

o J.C. Gaillard, Fanny Navizet (2012) “Prisons, prisoners and disaster”. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction.

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES o Thomas J. Durant, Jr. (2011) “The Impact of

Hurricane Katrina on the Elderly The Utility of Vulnerability and Social Capital Theories in Studying”. Journal of Family Issues 32:1285

Week 11: Trauma, Grief and Loss among Disaster Affected Populations Monday, October 28th Wednesday, October 30th Panel 8

o Adams, V., T. Van Hattum, and D. English (2009) “Chronic disaster syndrome: Displacement, disaster capitalism, and the eviction of the poor from New Orleans”. In American Ethnologist 36(4): 615-636.

o Krzysztof Kaniasty and Fran H. Norris (2004) “Social support in the aftermath of disasters, catastrophes, and acts of terrorism: altruistic, overwhelmed, uncertain, antagonistic, and patriotic communities” in Bioterrorism: Psychological and Public Health Interventions. ed. R. J. Ursano, A. E. Norwood & C. S. Fullerton

o Breslau, Joshua 2000. “Globalizing Disaster Trauma: Psychiatry, Science, and Culture after the Kobe Earthquake”. In Ethos 28(2): 174-197

o Alexander Laban Hinton (1998) “Why Did You Kill?: The Cambodian Genocide and the Dark Side of Face and Honor.” Journal of Asian Studies (57) 1: 93-122.

Additional Resources: o Ibañez, G. E., et al (2003), “Qualitative analysis of

social support and conflict among Mexican and Mexican-American disaster survivors”. J. Community Psychol., 31: 1–23

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Week 12: Community Reconstruction and Restoring Livelihoods Monday, November 4th Wednesday, November 6th Panel 9

o Lindsay, Reed. (2010) Haiti’s excluded. The Nation 290 (12): 18.

o Myriam Gervais (2003) “Human Security and Reconstruction Efforts in Rwanda: Impact on the Lives of Women”. Development in Practice, Vol. 13, No. 5:542-551

o Damiani, Bettina (2008) “Post 9/11 Recovery” in Gunewardena, Nandini and Mark Schuller (eds) Capitalizing on Catastrophe. Lanham: AltaMira.

o DeSilva, D.A.M. and Masahiro Yamao (2007) “Effects of the Tsunami on Fisheries and Coastal Livelihoods”. In Disasters 31(4): 386-404.

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES o Department for International Development (DFID)

1999. Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheet. http://www.efls.ca/webresources/DFID_Sustainable _livelihoods_guidance_sheet.pdf

o Cernea, M. (2000) “Risks, Safeguards, and Reconstruction: a Model for Population Displacement and Resettlement”. In M. Cernea and C. McDowell (eds), Risk and Reconstruction Experiences of Settlers and Refugees, pp. 11-55. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.

o Evans-Cowley, Jennifer S., and Meghan Zimmerman Gough (2007) Is “Hazard Mitigation Being Incorporated into Post-Katrina Plans in Mississippi?” In International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 25(3):177–217.

Week 13: Policy Frameworks and Practical Strategies for Human Security in Disaster-Affected Contexts Monday, November 11th (No class) Wednesday, November 13th Panel 10

o Kent, Randolph C. (2004) “The United Nations' Humanitarian Pillar: Refocusing the UN's Disaster and Emergency Roles and Responsibilities”, In Disasters 28 (2): 216-233.

o Kilby, Patrick (2008) “The Strength of Networks the Local NGO Response to the tsunami in India”. In Disasters 32(1): 120-130.

o Skoufias, Emmanuel (2003) “Economic Crises and Natural Disasters: Coping Strategies and Policy Implications”. In World Development 31(7): 1087-2003.

o Mustafa, Daanish (2003) “Reinforcing vulnerability? Disaster Relief, Recovery and Response in the 2001 Flood in Rawalpindi, Pakistan”. In Environmental Hazards 5:71-82

o Revet, S. (2013), ‘A small world’: ethnography of a natural disaster simulation in Lima, Peru. Social Anthropology, 21: 38–53.

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Week 14: Conceptualizing and Enhancing Resilience and Adaptive Capacity: personal, cultural, social and ecological interactions Monday, November 18th Wednesday, November 20th Panel 11

o Klein, R.J.T., Nicholls, R.J. and Thomalla, F (2003) “Resilience to natural hazards: how useful is this concept?” In Environmental Hazards 5: 35-45.

o Alexander, Sara (2008) “The Resilience Vulnerable Households” Chapter 6 in Gunewardena, Nandini and Mark Schuller (eds) Capitalizing on Catastrophe. Lanham: AltaMira.

o Gaillard, Jean-Christophe (2007) “Resilience of Traditional Societies in facing Natural Hazards”. In Disaster Prevention and Management 16(4): 522-544.

o Masten, A. S., and J. Obradovic (2007) “Disaster preparation and recovery: lessons from research on resilience in human development”. Ecology and Society 13(1): 9. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol13/iss1/art9/.

Presentations: Monday, November 25th

1) Team: ______________________

2) Team: ______________________

Presentations: Monday, December 2nd

3) Team: ______________________

4) Team: ______________________

5) Team: ______________________

6) Team: ______________________

Presentations: Wednesday, December 4th Last Day of Class Final Research Reports are Due

7) Team: ______________________

8) Team: ______________________

9) Team: ______________________

10) Team: ______________________