Answer

• About 1.585 Gallons or about 6 liters

Today…

• Circulation Short Movie– http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?g

uidAssetId=800CA676-82D2-4990-888A-DC098663721F&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

Friday May 16th 2014

• QU: What is the purpose of the circulatory system?

**YES YOU NEED YOUR BOOKS FOR THE REST OF THE YEAR!!**

• OBJ: Circ. Clip, Blood Composition Notes

“A child's heart is about the size of a clenched fist; an adult's heart is about the size of two fists.”

Your Circulatory System

• Purpose: Carry oxygen and nutrients to cells, remove wastes (i.e. carbon dioxide)

– Does this through a network of blood vessels

CIRCULATORY SYSTEMChapter 30

Arteries

• Carries blood away from the heart towards the capillaries

• Thick walls-can dilate or constrict– Controls pressure to ensure blood flows in one

direction• Narrow=Higher pressure• Dilated=Lower pressure

Capillaries

• Narrow-only one blood vessel through at a time

• Walls are very thin-enables diffusion– nutrients and oxygen out of blood– Waste products into blood

Veins

• Pick up blood from capillaries• Carries blood towards heart• Blood in veins is under very little pressure– Relies on muscle contractions and one-way valves

to push blood back to heart.

Chemical Exchange

Chemical Exchange

• Diffusion: High to Low• Waste products taken in by blood• Oxygen and nutrients spit out by blood

So what is blood exactly??

• Considered connective tissue• Made up of cells and liquid parts

“Under normal activity takes about 1 minute for all of your blood to flow through your body.”

The Make-up of Blood

Plasma

• Makes up 55% of the blood• About 90% water

Red Blood Cells

• Most numerous cells in your body• Carry oxygen from the lungs to your cells– Hemoglobin: What holds onto your oxygen

Red Blood Cells• Produced in the bone marrow• Shape increases surface area and the amount

of oxygen it can hold“We make about 2 million per second”

White Blood Cells• Fight infection– When fighting an infection the number of WBCs

increases

Blood Clotting

• When you get a scrape your body stops the bleeding with a blood clot– Depends on small fragments of blood cells called

platelets

Platelets• Break apart and release clotting factors that are

sticky– This grabs other-builds a large network of platelets

and RBCs– Stretches over the torn tissue.• Dries into a scab

So what is brought back to the heart?

• We said that the circulatory system picks up waste right?

• Where does it put that waste– It would be bad news if it dumped it in the heart

So what happens?

Wastes

• Your circulatory system picks up carbon dioxide, lactic acid and other wastes along the way.

• It carries them along until it can get rid of them.

Where they are dropped off

• Wastes are dropped off at:– Liver– Kidneys– Digestive System– Lymphatic System…

LiverKidneys

Lymphatic System

• Blood flows through capillaries and drops off nutrients.

• Blood can’t leave the capillaries– The nutrients are carried in a fluid called LYMPH

Monday May 19th 2014

• QU: Describe the function of the red blood cells.

*Homework: Functions of the Heart Due Monday*

• OBJ: Waste Notes, Systemic and Pulmonary Systems

“In your lifetime, you'll shed over 40 pounds of skin.”

Tuesday May 20th 2014

• QU: Why is blood doping effective? (and illegal)

*Chapter Review Due Tomorrow, Circulatory Test Tomorrow*

• OBJ: Parts of the Hearts and Functions

“Mars’ red color is due to iron oxide, also known as rust, and has the consistency of talcum powder.”

Heart Dissection

• If you goof around, you will be sitting back at your desks.

• Do not do anything to harm the hearts they are very expensive.

• Each table has pins, a probe, a tray, and masking tape.

• Each table looks spotless. This is how they should look at the end of the hour.

Heart Dissection

• You will need my signature for placing the pins in the correct spot.

• BE GENTLE!

Blood Doping

• Remove blood– Return plasma– Save RBCs for later– Let body make more RBCs – Then before event replace blood• Increases amount of hemoglobin in blood• Better at carrying oxygen

– More oxygen to organs=better performance

WedNesday May 21st 2014• QU: You do not need to draw the picture.

• OBJ: Check in Homework, Heart Lab“The surface area of the human lungs is equal to that of a

tennis court.”

A

B

C

D

E

Heart Beat

• 1st sound (the lub): Atria Contracting• 2nd sound (the dub): Ventricles Contracting

• How does your heart know to open and close the valves?

Pacemaker• Region of your heart muscle• Sets pace of your heart beat – Sends electrical signals as the message for contractions• First hit SA Node: Causes atria to contract• Then AV Node: Slows message down (giving time to atria to

relax)• Then His-Purkinje Network: Causes Ventricles to contract

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMXBR_YFocs

22secs-1.42

Path way of blood• Aorta• Body Capillaries-Lose Oxygen, Gain CO2

• Superior Vena Cava, Inferior Vena Cava• Right Atrium• Right Ventricle• Right Pulmonary Artery, Left Pulmonary Artery• Right Lung, Left Lung-Gain Oxygen, Lose CO2

– At the alveoli after the oxygen is inhaled• Right Pulmonary Vein, Left Pulmonary Vein• Left Atrium• Left Ventricle• Aorta

Question 1

• What carries blood away from the heart?A. VeinsB. ArteriesC. Capillaries

Question 2

• What carries blood towards the heart?A. VeinsB. ArteriesC. Capillaries

Question 3

• What makes up 55% of our blood?A. RBCsB. WBCsC. Plasma

Question 4

• What is plasma mostly made up of?A. WaterB. NutrientsC. Proteins

Question 5

• What is responsible for starting the formation of a scab?A. RBCsB. FibrinC. Platelets

Question 6

• What is the purpose of the circulatory system?A. Circulate oxygen and nutrientsB. Remove wastesC. Both of the above are correct

Question 7

• What is the largest artery in the body?A. Pulmonary ArteryB. Aorta

Question 8

• What is responsible for receiving the blood from outside the heart?A. VentricleB. Atrium

Question 9

• What is responsible for sending the blood out of the heart?A. VentricleB. Atrium

Question 10

• What side of the heart contains deoxygenated blood?A. RightB. Left

Question 11

• What part of the heart is responsible for separating the deoxygenated blood from the oxygenated blood?A. ValvesB. SeptumC. Neither of the above

Question 12

• Which circuit includes the lungs?A. PulmonaryB. Systemic

WedNesday May 21st 2014• QU: Describe how the blood leaves your left

ventricle, loses oxygen and then is re-oxygenated.

*Circulatory Test Thursday

• OBJ: Over Heart Lab, Organize Binder, Ch Review

“The world's largest amphibian is the giant salamander. It can grow up to 5 ft. in length.”

Thursday May 22nd 2014• QU: How did you study for this test?

*Chap Review Due Today*

• OBJ: Circulatory System Test

“You can reduce your home energy use by 5% by replacing your dryer with a clothesline” –Sierra Club

Respiratory System

Chapter 30

Respiratory System

• Function: Provide oxygen for distribution to cells through your body as well as remove the waste product carbon dioxide.

Pathway of Air

• Structures: mouth, nose, pharynx, trachea, and lungs

• Air enters through the mouth and nose– Impurities are filtered by hair in nose and mucus

in your mouth

Pathway of Air• Pharynx– Food and air cross paths– Air way always open unless

swallowing• Epiglottis then momentarily closes over

air way

Pathway of Air

• Then: Larynx (air passes through your voice box)

• Next to the trachea

Pathway of Air

• Trachea– Windpipe with cilia and mucus to capture foreign

particles– Passes air to your bronchi

Pathway of Air• Then Lungs:– Sponge-like– Each are about the size of a football– Contain the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli– Allow for the exchange of oxygen and carbon

dioxide

Pathway of Air• Next: Bronchi (singular:bronchus)– Connect Trachea to lungs– Branch into smaller tubes called bronchioles• Bronchioles each end in alveoli (singular: alveolus)

– Alveoli: Tiny air sacs where the diffusion of oxygen and waste occurs

Transfer of O2 and CO2

• O2 you bring in travels to alveoli• Pulmonary capillaries from the pulmonary

arteries are wrapped around each alveoli• O2 diffuses into these capillaries out of alveoli

• CO2 diffuses into alveoli from capillaries

• O2 then moves in the pulmonary capillaries (carried by the hemoglobin of red blood cells) to the pulmonary veins and back to….?

• CO2 moves from the alveoli backwards through the respiratory system.

*Alveoli and Bronchioles lined with mucus to help clean the O2 *

Transfer of O2 and CO2

Breathing• Diaphragm: forms the bottom wall of the chest

cavity– Inhale: diaphragm and rib muscles contract• Expands your chest cavity• Air pressure drops in lungs

– Air enters

3rd hour

Breathing

• Diaphragm: forms the bottom wall of the chest cavity– Exhale: diaphragm and rib muscles relax• Chest cavity returns to normal• Air pressure increases in lungs

– Air leaves

Breathing

• Mostly involuntary– Can have some control-holding your breath

• Controlled by level of CO2 – Causes a change in pH– MEDULLA sends signals to your body to change

breathing rate.

Heart Diseases

• So many heart disease types, separate them into problems in the:– Heart chambers – Heart muscle itself – Coronary arteries and coronary veins – Electrical system – Heart lining

Arrhythmias

• Abnormal Electrical Activity in the heart. In an arrhythmia, your heart can beat too fast, too slow, or with an irregular rhythm.

• Types of Arrhythmias– A fast heartbeat is called tachycardia.– A slow heartbeat is known as bradycardia.

Heart Failure

• Heart Too Weak or Stiff to Pump Enough Blood: condition is usually treatable.

Heart failure does not mean that your heart has stopped working. It means that your heart has become weakened or too stiff to pump enough blood to meet your body’s needs.

Movies

• http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/301notes6.htm– 1st video

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiT621PrrO0&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ps64D3Juv5A&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active– Start at 55 seconds

Heart Attack Video

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_VsHmoRQKk&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Pulses– Common Carotid Artery:– Temporal Artery:

– Brachial Artery:

– Radial Artery

– Pedal Artery:

Thursday May 30th 2013

• QU: How are the respiratory and circulatory systems related?

*Circulatory Test tomorrow!!**Respiratory Test Monday*

• OBJ: Over Quiz, Station Review

“The housefly hums in the middle octave, key of F.”

Mouth

Friday June 1st 2012• QU: How did you study for this test?

*Turn in chapter review (to bin)*

• OBJ: Respiratory Test

“Transportation is thought to be the biggest environmental impact of a traditional wedding.”

–Sierra Club

Blood Pressure• Measurement of force applied to the walls of the

arteries as blood is pumped through the body.– Changes depending on activity, temperature, diet,

emotional state, posture, physical state, and medication

So what are the numbers all about?

• The top number is the systolic blood pressure reading. It represents the maximum pressure exerted when the heart contracts.

• The bottom number is the diastolic blood pressure reading. It represents the minimum pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest.

110 over 70 (written as 110/70).

Blood Pressure Video

• http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anatomyvideos/000013.htm

Lab• You should get through taking the pulse and

answering those questions.• If you get through at least two blood pressure

measurements you probably won’t have homework over the weekend.

• There are timers on the table and I will post a running clock on the board.

How to use a Sphygmomanometer

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ElCbQMiBC6A&feature=related

• Be careful. Only 1-2 minutes inflated on an arm at a time.

• It may take you a little while to find the pulse and the blood pressure

Why is high blood pressure a concern?

• Thicken artery walls• Rupture arteries (aneurysm)• Thick heart muscles

• Jugular=vein• Affinity for CO is 230x as strong as

hemoglobin's affinity for O2