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Annotated Bibliography

Baughman, Laurie. “Friend Request or Foe? Confirming the Misuse of Internet

and Social Networking Sites by Domestic Violence Perpetrators.” Widener

Law Journal 19 (2010): 933-966. Academic Search Premier. Web. 13 Jul.

2011. Baughman provides a wealth of statistical data on user frequency

and posting content on social networks like Facebook and MySpace. She

focuses on the potential threat that social networks possess in cases of

domestic violence and cyber-stalking. Baughman hits her main key point

as she talks about the ease at which perpetrators can access information

about victims both directly via the creation of alias profiles and indirectly

through monitoring the postings and profiles of the victim’s family and

friends. This article adds another dimension to the argument that the

growing dependence on social networks can be detrimental to user health

and wellbeing. Laurie Baughman is a Senior Attorney at the Pennsylvania

Coalition Against Domestic Violence.

Brown, Jane and Piotr Bobkowski. “Older and Newer Media: Patterns of Use and

Effects on Adolescents’ Health and Well-Being.” Journal of Research on

Adolescence 21.1 (2011): 95-113. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20,

Jul. 2011. This article reviews research data collected over the last

decade to compare and contrast the effects of older forms of media (radio,

television, music and magazines) with the effects of more current media

such as the internet, cell phones and social networks. This review

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provides great information on the empirical effects that today’s media has

on adolescents: In particular, the benefits of more teen political

involvement, interaction through social media and identity development.

Although research refutes overindulgent internet use and “social

maladjustment” as valid threats, the authors make note of the strong

correlation between increased aggression, antisocial behavior and

exposure to media violence. Cyberbullying is highlighted as a major risk

that is also supported by extensive studies. In addition, sexually explicit

content seems to encourage the blurring of traditional gender roles and

teen promiscuity, while making teens more vulnerable to sexual predators.

The authors also make note that studies have linked media to eating

disorders and insecurity regarding body image as well as underage use

and abuse of drugs, tobacco and alcohol. The authors are both from the

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. They complied these findings

from over 50 peer reviewed research manuscripts.

Carr, Nicholas. “Is Google Making Us Stupid?” The Atlantic Jul/Aug. 2008. CSU

Writing Studio. Web. 19 Jul. 2011. In this article, Carr talks about the

changes in behavior that have transpired with increased public reliance on

the Internet. He acknowledges that there are now significant differences in

the way people think and read, despite the fact that long-term investigation

has yet to produce substantial evidence to support his claims. Carr

includes several first-hand accounts from respected, well known

professionals, who have also voiced some concern with the way the

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Internet has altered their ability to think and read in the same ways they

once did.

Cascio, Jamais. “Get Smarter.” The Atlantic Jul/Aug. 2009. CSU Writing Studio.

Web. 27 Jun. 2011. In his response to an earlier essay written by Nicholas

Carr, the author addresses the claims of the Internet having negative

affects on society. Cascio presents a compelling rebuttal of Carr’s main

preface and suggests that human nature will inevitably triumph as society

adapts to the ever-changing age of information.

Chao, Ruth, and Michiko Otsuki-Clutter. “Racial and Ethnic Differences:

Sociocultural and Contextual Explanations.” Journal of Research on

Adolescence 21.1 (2011): 47-60. Academic Search Premier. Web. 13 Jul.

2011. The authors of this article discuss the increased emphasis on

ethnicity and culture when looking at ethnic identity and overall

development and acculturation of youth in ethnic minorities. They make

the distinction between the terms race, ethnicity and culture as having

very different definitions. Chao and Otsuki-Clutter also highlight several

facets of parenting and how different approaches can shape adolescent

identity and development. The contents of this article can be used to

examine the importance of parental involvement in social media and serve

as supplemental information to support the effects of social media on the

development and identity of youth.

Cordeiro, Wayne. “New World Order.” New Hope Christian Fellowship. Honolulu,

Hi. 17 Jul. 2011. Church Sermon. Cordeiro speaks on how the “rapid

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obsolescence of technology is at warp speed… and everything is

changing.” He offers several statistics on just how quickly societal norms

and values can change and gives a brief overview of the changes in

societal trends from the Agrarian Age to the Information Age. The contents

of his sermon add emphasis to the rapid rate at which our society

reshapes itself. Wayne Cordeiro is the senior pastor of New Hope

Christian Fellowship, and has planted over 108 churches in the US and

abroad. He is the President of New Hope Christian College (formerly

Eugene Bible College), has authored numerous books and has been the

keynote speaker at various conferences both locally and internationally.

Gladwell, Malcolm. “Small Change: Why The Revolution Will Not Be Tweeted.”

The New Yorker 4 Oct. 2010. CSU Writing Studio. Web. 11 Jul. 2011. In

this article, Gladwell discusses activism and the 1960’s Civil Rights

Movement in comparison to recent social movements involving substantial

use of social media as communication conduits. Gladwell conveys his

belief that, contrary to popular belief, many modern day movements are

neither spawned nor sustained solely by the means of social media. In

fact, Gladwell suggests that there is an “outsized enthusiasm for social

media” which have “produced a false consciousness”. Moreover, Gladwell

argues that social media forms “weak-tie connections” and “makes it

easier for activists to express themselves, and harder for that expression

to have any impact.” Gladwell is a New York Times bestselling author of

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Blink, and The Tipping Point, and Outliers. He has also been a presenter

and TED talks.

Kelly, Kate, and Peggy Ramundo. You Mean I’m Not Lazy, Stupid or Crazy?! The

Classic Self-Help Book for Adults with Attention Deficit Disorder. New

York, Scribner: 2006. Ebook. In their effort to demystify Attention Deficit

Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD), Kelly and Ramundo make mention of Alvin

Toffler’s theory of the negative consequences technology will eventually

have on the psychological wellbeing of our society. The authors go on to

refute this claim and expand on their belief that the “demands of a fast

paced and complex [society],” will not be the cause of ADD rather a factor

that exacerbates and intensifies the debilitating symptoms associated with

this disorder. I feel that this excerpt represents two opposing viewpoints

on the same issue: The opinions of Kelly & Ramundo and Toffler take a

mildly different turn in respect to how technology will affect the general

population, which may prove helpful in painting a clear picture of various

hesitations of increased dependence upon social media. Both authors

have been diagnosed with ADHD. Since its initial publication in 1993, the

book has gained wide recognition among a variety of stakeholders and

has sold millions of copies. Toffler is most known as a respected writer,

former editor of Fortune Magazine, White House correspondent and

visiting professor at Cornell University.

King, Thomas. “Teens’ Use of Online Social Networking.” Journal of New

Communications Research 4.2 (2009): Academic Search Premier. Web.

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13 Jul. 2011. In this article King examines the history of social networking

from “Xanga to the newly updated version of Facebook,” and various ways

these networks are used. He does this through researching the reasons

teen users are drawn to use these networks and how they decide on

which platforms that they use. King discusses differences in the two major

contenders in the social media movement: Facebook and MySpace. He

also mentions the stark contrast in MySpace, due largely in part to its

diverse publishing options and customizable pages, being the initial venue

for fledgling social networkers to “experiment with their self-image,” and

Facebook, being the more exclusive and less gaudy of the two networks,

as the genuine site of social interaction. It all boils down to a matter of

personality vs. exclusivity. It should also be noted that King remarks on

the fact that Facebook was originally designed for and targeted college

students, while MySpace was created to advocate for and boost interest in

the entertainment industry. The article goes on to provide supporting

evidence that although the use of social networks differs with age of the

user, on fact remains clear: Social networks have become an integral part

of the development and maintenance of self-image and a sense of

belonging, which begins as early as middle school. Preteens find that

social networks offer them the opportunity and “power to be whoever they

want to be,” while high schoolers use social media to develop community

and extend their social circles. It should be noted that the participants of

this study were, on average, 12-19 years of age. The author of the article

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is a University of Richmond student as well as a research associate for

Emergent Research who has been studying Gen Y’s use of social media

since he was in high school.

Lee, Edmund. “Why Facebook will emerge a winner in battle over privacy.”

Advertising Age 82.14 (2011): Academic Search Premier. Web. 13 Jul.

2011. In his openly opinionated piece, Lee addresses his belief that

Facebook will gain immunity from newly passed legislation aimed at

stricter privacy guidelines for both marketers and networks administrators.

Facebook’s legislative amnesty is due largely in part to the nature of

openly shared information by Facebook users and the company’s

forthright (and rather adamant) stance on user disclosure. As a specific

example, Lee used the case of Google executive Wael Ghonim, who was

asked to delete his Facebook account and re-register under his real name

after he anonymously created the Facebook page that provoked the

recent Egyptian insurrection. The heart of Lee’s article lies with his

argument that the Internet has never been a refuge for those seeking

anonymity; as limitless source of information, privacy infringement is

inherent in the very nature of its design: We have “always been tracked,”

only now that information is becoming a commodity for marketers and

third-party data collectors. Edmund Lee is a writer for Advertising Age,

who specializes in and covers articles relating to digital news.

Li, Jin and Lingjing Zhan. “Online Persuasion: How the Written Word Drives

WOM.” Journal of Advertising Research Mar. 2011: 239-257. Academic

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Search Premier. Web. 13 July 2011. This article examines various aspects

of a study done on word of mouth (WOM) and marketing credibility in

online product reviews. The authors discuss their data and findings on

product popularity and consumer response to online product reviews, then

explain the increasing impact of technology and WOM on advertising. This

article alludes to a rise in the involvement of third party data collectors and

marketers in social networking. It also opens the door for discussion of

privacy rights and the disbursement of personal information. Li is an

assistant professor of marketing at North Dakota State University and has

been published in the Journal of Retailing, the Canadian Journal of

Administrative Sciences, and the Journal of Managerial Issues. Zhan is an

assistant professor of marketing at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University.

Both received their PhD certification from the University of Alberta.

Miladi, Noureddine. “Tunisia: A Media led revolution?” Media Development Feb.

2011: 8-11. Academic Search Premier. Web. 13 July 2011. Miladi

highlights recent outcries of civil unrest, which ultimately led to the fall of

the Tunisian government in 2011. Social media networks allowed the

international broadcast of unexpurgated personal accounts of the discord

between citizens and the government. Miladi contends that this

component way a key factor in maintaining the momentum of the

movement; historically, ruling political parties had controlled all media for

use as “propaganda tools.” According to Miladi, the communication tools

provided by Facebook and Twitter were the driving force and absolutely

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crucial in “the escalation of [the Tunisia] events.” This article panders to

politically involved individuals, namely, grass roots activists and the

politicians who wish to silence them. The publication provides an example

of a case in which dependence upon social media was of the utmost

importance. Along with being a senior lecturer in media and sociology at

the University of Northampton in the UK, Miladi is also the editor of the

Journal of Arab & Muslim Research Media and an expert in the field of

Middle East and North African conflict and media.