annotated bibliography derek greene peer review
TRANSCRIPT
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Annotated Bibliography
How is Social Media used in political campaigning?
Derrick Greene
Professor Malcolm Campbell
English 1102
February 26, 2012
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Annotated Bibliography
McGrath, Michael. “Technology, Media, and Political Participation.” National Civic Review
100.3 (2011): 41-44. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Feb. 2012.
“Technology, Media, and Political Participation” is a peer-reviewed, academic journal
written by Michael McGrath, the chief information officer and senior editor of the
National Civic League (NCL). In this journal, McGrath focuses on use of technology,
more specifically phones, is increasing to reach out to more youthful voters, primarily
African American and Latino youth. In 2008, our country saw the largest turnout of
youthful voters for a presidential election in history. When broken down further, African
Americans had most participation with about 27.5 percent, while whites had about 24.9
percent, and Latinos were at around 17.6 percent. The “digital divide,” which refers to the
difference between people and communities that have, and do not have, accessibility to
information technologies, has seemingly been important historically as there has usually
been difference in how people get their information. “African Americans lag way behind
white Americans when it comes to personal household wealth, but they are actually more
likely to use cell phones (McGrath 41).” With this information, ColorOfChange.org has
enhanced their methods of communicating with their target audience. ColorOfChange.org
is an online organization whose primary goal is to strengthen the political voice of
African Americans. The president of this organization, Rashad Robinson, says that there
is really no digital divide between African Americans and other communities, and
therefore have taken advantage of the high cell phone use among this community.
Robinson says youth do not live in places where they are going to have the door knocked
on or do not have permanent addresses or do not easily have access to Internet, so the
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best way to reach them is through cell phones. Cell phones are a way to access the
Internet without a computer, but it is also a way to help people quickly figure out whether
or not they are registered to vote, where they can vote, where they polling location is, and
send them maps to get there. Voto Latino is a nonpartisan, nonprofit civic engagement
organization that was founded in 2004 by Rosario Dawson. This organization tried to
encourage young Latinos to register, vote, and get involved. With phones and improving
technology, they can physically go out and talk to these young Latinos, and if they
choose to register, they can do so right there on the field team member’s phone, and the
registration information will be recorded and linked to national registration files in real
time. This saves them from going to the same places and same people to get them to
register when they already registered that morning. Voto Latino also has a website that is
to be linked to Facebook and is viewable and consumable on people’s phones. Voto
Latino also plans on incorporating text campaigns to further strengthen their already
strong use of phones and technology in campaigning to youth. There was a great deal of
information in this journal, and McGrath is a very credible source as he is an editor of the
award-winning National Civic Review, he is the organization’s chief blogger, and has a
Master’s degree from UC Berkeley’s School of Journalism and a Bachelor’s degree from
the University of Texas, Austin. In this journal, McGrath puts a different spin on my
topic as far as the way technology is used. Technology can be used in more ways than
just Social Media to campaign, and here McGrath has demonstrated how cell phones are
key in getting voters to the polls on Election Day.
Cury, Lucilene. "Barack Obama's Election: Digital Media's Success?" Journal of US-China
Public Administration 8.7 (2011): 830-838. Academic Search Complete. Web. 21 Feb.
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2012.
This academic journal written by Lucilene Cury focuses on comparing the successes of
American President Barack Obama and Brazilian 2010 presidential election candidate
Marina da Silva through their uses of technology, especially social media, to gain
support. Silva did not win her election, but just like Obama, who did win, Silva was able
to steal the political scene in Brazil with her “green wave” which was inspired by
Obama’s use of the Internet in 2008. The election had been pretty much decided in Brazil
in 2010, until Silva came out of no where with her online campaign and as a result took
the election to a second round. Two ideas came about after further investigation of
Silva’s success: (1) Digital technology, mainly through social networks in the internet,
publicizes, in an open and wide way, the candidate; (2) But it is necessary that this
candidate presents a profile capable of convincing, statesman posture, intelligence,
consistency with the ideals prized by the citizens, those being ecology, multiculturalism,
acceptance of racial diversity, the capacity of offering a worthy and more human
condition to the people, after all, a commitment with the social causes that motion the
planet’s citizens in the year of 2010 of this century. Obama’s success came through
gaining support after generating videos with more than a million visualizations on
YouTube and a base formed by 13 million e-mails, a network of 3 million individual
donors, and about $500 million obtained online. Obama’s success has already been
mimicked by Silva, so it is clear that this will be a future tool of politicians. According to
the article, Eric Messa, "In the social networks, it is needed to be discreet and
appropriate. Rather hearing than talking. It is necessary to give the power of speech to the
elector.” Cury also agrees it is important to listen to citizen’s comments in social media.
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Cury is a professor at the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, and her article is
important to me because she covers how Obama’s successes have already been mocked
and shows that it wasn’t just a one time, one campaign thing that worked for Obama. In
fact, the use of social media will only increase from this point on.
Preston, Jennifer. “Republicans Shake More Hands Using Social Media.” The New York Times.
Web. 24 Feb. 2012.
Jennifer Preston wrote this article for The New York Times online, and she focuses on
how Republicans have used social media to reach out to the people of Iowa as they
approach the caucuses for the upcoming election. Newt Gingrich rallied volunteers on
Facebook to make phone calls on his behalf throughout the state of New Hampshire
which has led to Gingrich having more calls in New Hampshire than any other candidate.
Michele Bachmann created videos from her bus tour of the 99 counties in Iowa as a way
to promote her support online. Republican candidates had been primarily using Facebook
and Twitter to broadcast their messages and raise money; however they are more
frequently turning to these social media sites to mobilize voters and become more
connected with voters as that makes voters feel they can trust the candidates more.
Preston is a reporter for The New York Times who focuses on the intersection between
social media, politics, government, business, and real life. She has worked with The New
York Times since 1995, and she has won several awards for investigative reporting. I can
use her article because she gives specifics of what different politicians have done as far as
using social media to reach the voters.
Allbritton, Robert. Politico. 2012. Web. 25 Feb. 2012.
Politico.com is a website that features many different resources all about current politics.
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The site features news articles, blogs, and all of the most current political updates. The
website has a large number of journalists and editors that are constantly putting out new
articles to keep their visitors up to date about what is going on. This website will be a
great resource for me as I move forward in writing my paper because I will be able to
continually come to this site to see what is going on and to find new information
concerning my topic.
Derek,
Your annotated Bibliography is outstanding you used the correct MLA format and your
articles weren’t too long but wasn’t too short. Your topic is connected with my topic as well
because we are both talking about Facebook and just by me reading your bib it brought more
ideas for me research about my topic. But overall your bib was pretty good I didn’t see any
mistakes you’re on the right path keep up the good work.