ankle sprain by back 2 fitness

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Ankle Sprain Presented By:- Kunal Vashist,PT Back 2 Fitness

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Ankle Sprain discussed in plain language for therapists.

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Page 1: Ankle sprain by Back 2 Fitness

Ankle Sprain

Presented By:-Kunal Vashist,PT

Back 2 Fitness

Page 2: Ankle sprain by Back 2 Fitness

Background• Ankle Sprain is an injury to the ligaments around the 

ankle.• Typically caused by sudden, strong 

contraction ,direct impact, or by a sudden, forceful twist.

• Presenting with pain and swelling but ability to walk on foot with discomfort usually excludes a fracture.

• The typical ankle sprain is an inversion injury that occurs in the plantar-flexed position. (85%) – aka Inversion Sprain or supination Sprain.

Page 3: Ankle sprain by Back 2 Fitness

• Predisposing factors : • H/o Prev. Ankle Sprain• Chronic Ankle Instability• Rigid Supinated Foot

• Reccurence may lead to osteoarthritis and articular degeneration.

• Residual symptoms affect 72% of patients (6wks to 18 months)

Page 4: Ankle sprain by Back 2 Fitness

• Longstanding Symptoms diagnosed as  “sprained ankle syndrome.”

• 55% patients don’t visit health care proffessionals.

• Underestimating severity of ankle sprain may lead to reccurent injuries / residual symptoms.

Page 5: Ankle sprain by Back 2 Fitness

Anatomy

Page 6: Ankle sprain by Back 2 Fitness
Page 7: Ankle sprain by Back 2 Fitness

Lateral Ligaments

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Medial Ligaments

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Muscles around Medial Malleolus

Page 10: Ankle sprain by Back 2 Fitness

Muscles around lateral Malleolus

Page 11: Ankle sprain by Back 2 Fitness

Functional Anatomy

• Ankle Complex – 3 ArticulationsTalocrural JointSubtalar JointDistal Tibiofibular Syndesmosis

Page 12: Ankle sprain by Back 2 Fitness

Movements occurs in 3 Cardinal Planes:

• Sagittal Plane Motion – Plantar Flexion – Dorsi Flexion

• Frontal Plane Motion – Inversion – Eversion• Transverse Plane Motion – Internal / External 

Rotation.

Page 13: Ankle sprain by Back 2 Fitness

Coupled Rearfoot Motion

Pronation – Dorsi flexion+ Eversion+ External Rotation.

Supination – Plantar flexion + Inversion + Internal Rotation

Page 14: Ankle sprain by Back 2 Fitness
Page 15: Ankle sprain by Back 2 Fitness

• Congruity of the articular surfaces when the joints are loaded

• Static ligamentous restraints• Musculo-tendinous units, which allow for 

dynamic stabilization of the joints

Ankle Stability

Page 16: Ankle sprain by Back 2 Fitness

Patho-Physiology

Page 17: Ankle sprain by Back 2 Fitness

Sign/symptom Grade I Grade II Grade IIILigament tear None Partial Complete

Loss of functional ability

Minimal Some Great

Pain Minimal Moderate Severe

Swelling Minimal Moderate Severe

Ecchymosis Usually not Common Yes

Difficulty bearing weight

None Usual Almost always

TABLE 1

Grades of Ankle Sprain

Page 18: Ankle sprain by Back 2 Fitness
Page 19: Ankle sprain by Back 2 Fitness

• Lateral Ankle Sprain – • Excessive supination of rear foot on externally 

rotated leg during gait or landing from a jump.• Excessive inversion and internal rotation of 

the rearfoot, coupled with external rotation of the lower leg, results in strain to the lateral ankle ligaments. 

Patho-Mechanics

Page 20: Ankle sprain by Back 2 Fitness

• First Ligament to be damaged – Anterior Talo-Fibular Ligament followed most often by Calcaneo-Fibular Ligament.

• Ruptured ATFL increases Transverse plane motion stressing the ligament further. (Rotational Instability)

• Damage to Talocrural Joint Capsule with ligamentous stabilizers of subtalar joint.

Page 21: Ankle sprain by Back 2 Fitness

• Increased Supination moment at Subtalar joint leads to excessive inversion and internal rotation of rear foot in closed kinetic chain.

• May happen with rigid supinated foot or with more laterally deviated subtalar joint axis.

• Then if supination moment > compensatory Pronation (Peroneals), Leads to Excessive inversion and internal rotation.

Page 22: Ankle sprain by Back 2 Fitness

• Further, Predisposition to first time ankle sprain includes:

• Structural – Tibial Varum• Functional –

» poor postural control performance » Impaired Propriocepton» Eversion > Inversion» Plantarflexion strength > Dorsiflexion Strength

Page 23: Ankle sprain by Back 2 Fitness

• Acute Ankle Sprain – Tender & swollen ankle – Painfull Movements but full weight bearing.

   WHY most individuals who suffer an initial ankle sprain are prone to recurrent 

sprains ???

Page 24: Ankle sprain by Back 2 Fitness