Animals In DisastersAnimals In Disasters

David K. Bishop* David K. Bishop* Reproductive Design Services, Reproductive Design Services, Sampson Community CollegeSampson Community College

Livestock In DisastersLivestock In Disasters

Animals in Disasters

Goals = Certification: Specializing in Thoughts & Options

Economic Value ($) of Livestock

Swine Density

Poultry Density

NCDA: 2002

Pets In SocietyPets In Society

$20 – 30 Billion in Pet Products (1997)

Importance of “Pets as Companions”

Mental Health issues– Guilt– Bereavement – ANGER

“Babe”

Animal “Ownership”

50% of households own pets (# dogs ~ children)

Reasons noted: Personal pleasure/companionship Educational experience for children Replacement of persons deceased or void Personal and property protection Rescued from neglect Support of family through care of animals God-given right (Genesis 1:26)

Measures of / Influences “EMS”

AVMA – “ Animal welfare is a human responsibility includes: proper housing, management, nutrition, disease prevention and treatment, responsible care, humane handling, and when necessary, humane euthanasia.” All Plans state:

People > Animals

Annually ~ 300,000 people do not evacuate

Scenarios

Train carrying propane derails…

Hurricane separates owners from horses…

Tornado knocks over a tank of herbicide…

Floods cause drowning of animals on farms…

During heat wave, there is a power failure…

Risk Factors for Evac. Failure

20.9% Households with Pets: 16.3% without Decreased with children (regardless of Pets)

• Increased 50% per additional dog or cat (x-Kids)

90 % evacuees stayed with friends/family 82% stayed with pet 7-18% pets at familiar location: people elsewhere 3-10% board at kennel

Risk Factors for Evac. Failure

Short duration incident: 50.6% failed to evacuate pets 10 % neither evacuated nor rescued Challenges

“not gone long” (70-97%) “did not know where to take pets” (20%)

Longer duration: 22.2% left pets 16.7 % made no attempt to rescue

Statistic: Turnover rate of dogs (14%) and cats (18%)

Foundations for Pet Evacuations

KEYS:Responsible pet ownership

Strong Human (child) : animal bond

Certain related Activities: Regular Vet attention Socializing behaviors Obedience training Pet carriers Cats caught/transported regularly

Measures of / Influences “EMS”

Primary (Traditional) Concerns: Spoiling human food and water Animal bites and human injuries Zoonotic diseases

Emerging values: Medical and Psychological trauma

Pro- will fight for animal concerns Con- anaphylactic shock if inhale cat dander

Unsafe Rescue attempts Evacuation failures / re-entry attempts

Animals are not “Inanimate”

Unit 2 Quiz

1. 2.3.4.5.6.7.8910.

Unit 2 Quiz

1. True, disaster preps begin with personal safety.2. False, individual is 1st layer: education support FEMA3. True, US animals > $90 Billion national income4.True, food, bites, zoonosis are top 35.False, strong evidence exists…animals increase QOL6.False, food sources may be damaged…7.False. People > pets8. True, shelters must protect people who …animals9. B. increases in Pet industry revenues10. C. > 59% consider pets important to family values

Module A: Awareness & Preparedness

Huge Advantage to NIMS Approach

Much of what will happen is predictable…

Many strategies apply to all emergencies

Partnerships improve responsiveness personal investment in planning local interest groups business and private industries governmental authority/responsibility

A Global strategy model for efforts

Four Phases of Emergency Management

Personal Scenario

Going to a horse show with the High-point 2-yr old Filly in IBHA

Left early, so had time but was running late due to wife’s schedule of “need to do’s”

Riding down county road, hit a bump and the saddle fell against dash…reached to move saddle causing truck to veer left…hit bridge.

Damaged horse, trailer truck and pride…lost high point and today look at mare …

MITIGATE, PREPARE, RESPONSE, RECOVERY

4 Phases of Emergency Management

Mitigation: Prevent, reduce frequency, minimize damage Take place before and after an emergency

Preparedness: Save lives, respond and rescue Before the emergency

Response: Save lives, prevent further damage Take place during the event

Recovery: Return to “normal” or better status Occur after the emergency

C OlsenUWI-Madison

Swine-flu Model

StateAnimalResponseTeam

Katrina, et al. 2005

Responsibility “Tree” Slide 1

Ultimate responsibility = Animal Owner1st Level and Most Effective (?)

Local Government - protect citizens and property

EMS system Develop plans Warning Systems

Provide resources Rescue Ops Recovery/Normality

Activate/Deactivate “Chain of Command”

Responsibility “Tree” Slide 2

Community/County Support- economic, personal welfare

C.A.R.T. Volunteers Non-impacted Individuals/Corp.

State Government - Focused on Communities and Structures

State Resources, policy guidance, and Federal support

Federal Government – Source of Education and Management

Guidance Insurance Planning Assessing Ultimate Recovery

Unit 3 Quiz

1. 2.3.4.5.6.7.8910.

Unit 3 Quiz

1. False, Mitigation occurs with recovery2.False, get blame but Individuals are responsible…3.True, during event…save lives/minimize damage4.True, State’s assistance requested –chain of command5.False, most activity at Local level-Fed. are “Uncle”6.False, response activities are during event.7. D., Recovery and mitigation happen after…8. A., rules and regs on building are mitigation efforts.9. A., Local rules dictate local plans (as long as agree).10. Personal, Local, State, Federal

Types of Hazards

Meteorological (weather related) Thunderstorms Floods Tornados Hurricanes Winter storms

Drought Wildfire

Geological (tera related) Landslides Earthquakes Tsunami Volcanoes Dam Issues

Technological (man-made)Hazardous materials (static and released) Nuclear presence

(contained/low level + “accidents”) Terrorism

Zoonotic Diseases Highway accidents

Unique Characteristics/Commonalities

Thunderstorms (100,000 + storms per year)

Lightningkills 2-300 humans, grazing livestock, starts fires (hundreds of million $)

Watch WarningCondition right for: Actual Sighting

Lightning Imminent Danger

Winds > 58 mph

Hail ≤ 75 inch

Heavy rain

National Weather Service

Unit 4 Quiz Thunderstorms

1. 2.3.4.5.6.7.8910.

Unit 4 Quiz: Thunderstorms

1. True, lightening is deadly (7-8 K cows on pasture)2. True, lightening causes most wildfires (- ignorance)3. False, warning is conclusive evidence of area 4. True, Fencing around trees reduces lightening strikes5. True, generally less grounding6. False, stay away from single, tallest link to ”ground”7. True, watch for entry and exit burns: no stray voltage8. D. opposites 9. D. insurance = mitigation10. A. carriers provide security + rapid removal

Unique Characteristics/Commonalities

Floods (hurricanes, thunderstorms, fires, dam breaks… concentrated run-off)

> 300,000 people leave homes, > 200 flood related fatalities, $2 Billion damage

Animal risks: hypothermia, drowning, …starvation, salt toxicity, bacterial contaminants, “flocking” issues, exposure to hazards

Flash Flood Watch Flash Flood Warning Flood WarningFlooding Possible in

Designated area Actual reports of, or Imminent Danger in

Specific Area

Advance notice: imminent or “in Progress”

Stay Alert Take Precautions Relocate Animals

Prepare for evacuations Recovery Plans

Agencies: National Weather Service, State, County & Local Authorities

Unit 4 Quiz Floods

1. 2.3.4.5.6.7.8910.

Unit 4 Quiz Floods

1. False, some fungus are steroidogenic…2. True, speed of water encroachment impacts readiness 3. True, bacterial issues prevail in flood water…4. True, security of vaults is challenged by …5. False, decision = high ground or confinement6. True, escapees occur after damage covers fences7. False, cars stalling = # 1 mistake: waiting = # 28. C., possible in area = watch 9. B., prepare before event: replenish before needed10. D., dry and sunlight kill bacteria

Unique Characteristics/Commonalities

Tornadoes

Violently rotating columns of air: Anywhere & Anytime

Watch WarningCondition right for: Actual Sighting or Radar

Tornado development Imminent Danger

Watch Sky Specific Location ,

Stay alert direction ±

Wind, Hail, Heavy rain

National Weather Service Local National Weather Service

Predictability vs Impact (Tornadoes)

Unit 4 Quiz: Tornadoes

1. 2.3.4.5.6.7.8910.

Unit 4 Quiz: Tornadoes

1. False, T-storms and Hurricanes spawn tornadoes2. True, less surface area to impact…floods?3. False, move away from mobile homes4. True, compare structure vs debris5. True, shame on you, but least of evils6. True, highly variable but within ranges7. True, all other activity ceases immediately = CYA8. True, “some” better than “none”- safety = time9. D. Networks for warning are mitigation.10. B. Flying objects are during event.

Unique Characteristics/Commonalities

Hurricanes New Maximum Damage Each YearEmerging Technologies for Predictions but, Little Change in Responses

Tropical Depression

Tropical Storm Hurricane

Low pressure system

Winds: < 74 MPH Sustainable winds > 74 MPH: gusts to 200

Counterclockwise rotation

Storm Surge (90% fatalities): retrograde

flooding

Spawns other trauma

National Weather Service

Unique Characteristics/Commonalities

Advisory Watch Warning

Storm location Threat 24-36 hrs Conditions w/n 24 hr

Wind Speed Follow evacuation Plan Sustained winds ≥74 MPH

Direction of Movement Be aware of /Expect Behavioral Variances in

Animals

High tides and Waves including STORM SURGE

Final Mitigation efforts: Preparations Complete:

Recovery Plans activated

Hurricane ____________

Unit 4 Quiz: Hurricanes

1. 2.3.4.5.6.7.8910.

Unit 4 Quiz: Hurricanes1. True, almost always some flooding (25 year: 24 hr

storm)2. True, most last 6 mo-1 year …maximum impact3. False, too late at coast…traffic inland4. False, eye is generally calm before the storm5. True, maybe not immediate but recognizable6. False, maximum at beach front: normally?7. D., Coastal regions (Atlantic or Pacific)8. C., conditions not evidence within 24 hr.= watch9. D., expectations = warning10. B., Advisories update critical statistics

Unique Characteristics/Commonalities

Winter Storms

Winter storm watch Severe weather may affect area

W S Warning Conditions are expected

Ice Storm warning Significant ice accumulation

Heavy Snow warning Expect > 12” in next 24 hours

Blizzard Warning Heavy snow + 35 MPH wind

Severe Blizzard Snow + 45 mph Wind + 100F temp

High Wind Warning > 40 mph for + 1 hour

Traveler’s advisory Weather hinders travel-no warnings

National Weather Service

Unit 4 Quiz: Winter Storms (discussion)

1. False, wear multiple, light-weight, protective 2. True, Tough to estimate severity- rapid challenges3. True, “some” watch contaminants, and cold4. False, Suit buildup can cause fires 5. True, Drifts over roads, seasonal access to land6. False, Cold alone challenges heart. Do necessities.7. False, nutrient demands increase in cold, wet, wind8. C., Water falling + freezing on surface = Ice9. B., Expected = watch Immanent= Warning10. D., Blizzard warning = >35 MPH + heavy snow

Drought and Extreme Heat “no substantial” rainfall for period > 10 0 F above average high temperature-several weeks # 1 reason for heat stroke is “left in parked cars”

Alerts published in newspapers, local weather advisories

Unique Characteristics/Commonalities

Wildfires Uncontrolled burning grass, brush, woodlands… Probability forecasts by National Weather

Service, US Forest Service and State Forestry Agencies

Alerts Posted on Signs, broadcast on Radio & TV

Signs of Heat Stress

Excessive Panting: evaporative cooling

Body Temperature 104 F – loss of control

Collapse- blood flow to core reduced (coma)

Increased heart and respiration- rate vs volume

Salivation – clear to foamy (air:water ratio)

Depression/stupor – brain damage if not cooled

Remedies for Heat Stress

Shade- radiant heat Water –nature’s coolant- blood volumeMinimum exercise- base on Adaptation, fitness, and

rest periods (dehydration = water w/o salts)Animals that don’t sweat = do not obstruct panting,

provide cooled floods and air flowAvoid clothing – convective cooling or sweatingCages need > airflow – > 10 times minimum ventingSalt (minerals) as needed – cramps, osmotic psi (Kidneys)

Unit 4 Quiz: Drought and Heat

1. False, not safe, but may be necessary2. True, shade, cool water and breeze = max cooling3. False, Dogs and hogs do not sweat. 4. True, same as 2 above: animals cool by drying5. False, salt is toxic w/o water but necessary nutrient6. True, avoid shock – cool blood in extremedies7. False, you stay in there for a while…# 1 killer8. True, absent imports: droughts cause starvation9. C., extreme body temps. Indicate loss of control10. B., 10 degrees above average temp = extreme

Unit 4 Quiz: Wildfires

1. False, primary cause = humans, lightening…2. True, barns contain combustibles – separate ignition3. True, any port in a storm- watch contaminants4. False, burns often result in trauma & bacterial issues 5. False, evacuate then see if the equipment works6.True, nails, tin and other metals don’t burn7.True, Floods and mudslides often follow fires8. False, homing instincts kick in after fear subsides9. A., lung challenges kill most animals after fires10. B., fire seasons are hot and dry

Geological Hazards (tera firma…)

Landslides and mudflows Down slope movement of rock, soil & debris People encroaching, removing cover,

Unique Characteristics/Commonalities

Dam issues: Control of water release, burrowing animals, plant roots, holding fluids against designed pressure gradients Behind wildfires, floods and hurricanes…

Unit 5 Quiz: Landslides

1. True, 2. True, 3. False, 4. True, 5. True, 6. True, 7. False, 8. True, 9. C., 10.A.,

Earthquakes Wavelike movement of earth’s surface… Seismic activity monitored by US Geological

Survey, NOAA and University labs Actual events not predictable-duration 0-72 hrs

Unique Characteristics/Commonalities

Tsunamis Waves (up to 100 ft) created at coastline-event near or far…repeated 20/30

min. for several hrs. Deaths occur by “scoping out” new coastline

Unit 5 Quiz: Earthquakes

1. False, 2. False, 3. True, 4. False, 5. False, 6. True, 7. False, 8. False, 9. C., 10.C.,

Unit 5 Quiz: Tsunamies

1. True, 2. False, 3. False, 4. False, 5. True, 6. False, 7. True, 8. A., 9. D., 10. B.,

Volcanoes “Weak spots” in the Earth’s crust allow eruption Ash clouds modify weather patterns and cause

respiratory infections…how flat is the world? US Geological Survey tracks activity-informs

Risk of injury related to distance from event and time.

Unique Characteristics/Commonalities

Unit 5 Quiz: Volcanoes

1. True, 2. False, 3. False, 4. True, 5. True, 6. False, 7. True, 8. D., 9. D.,10. B.,

Technological (man-made) Hazards

Hazardous Materials Accidental release

Toxins from vehicle wreck… Intentional release + lack of control

Spray without condition concerns FDA food residue issues

Planned release – no desire to control Bio-terrorism activists et al.

“Right to Know” Documents and MSDS InformationNational Animal Poison Control Center

Unique Characteristics/Commonalities

Unit 6 Quiz: Hazardous Materials

1. False, residues are a concern for meat products2. False, anything > Dial soap = hazard3. True, training essential for HAZMAT4. False, veterinarian and Poison Control…animals5. True, most show no signs of small doses 6. True, residues travel in blood- liver, lungs, meat7. False, most often, no response = contaminated 8. C., closer to the floor – locked 9. A., Local public health safeguards …spills/food10. B., Accidents: DOT, radiation: DOE

Unique Characteristics/Commonalities

Radiation hazards Not “Cold War” issue (sows in Poland) but, Fixed nuclear facilities (good warning systems) Transportation through rails or roads (no notice) “Dirty Bombs”…all types including sunspots

Alpha Large, shallow penetration-easy block

Beta Smaller – penetrate 2 cm (1 inch)

Gamma Not formed-no mass- right through body

Understand control of emissions : Decay in half-life

Technological (man-made) Hazards Avoidance = best Rapid change from no problem to emergency Short notice time but information is available People need to care for animals

Before – prepare…be aware During – move if possible (distance); contain if not (barrier) After

approach with caution! Remove Surface damage consider hidden damage

US Department of Agriculture, State Department of AG and VeterinarianRate shelters, monitor food safety and tissue or food contamination

Unique Characteristics/Commonalities

Unit 6 Quiz: Radiation

1. True, decay rate ½ per time: isotope relief 2. True, distance greatest than barrier (like biting dog)3. False, together due to food quality issues4. True, α and β are shallow or surface damaging5. True, always. Think about site before leaving6. True, spills cause immediate restrictions to travel7. False, γ (gama) particles penetrate rapidly 8. D., Delta not yet found anyway9. C., function issues not yet emergency = site EM10. D., imminent contamination = general emergency

Review: Unique Characteristics/Commonalities

Strong Winds Communication, utility, structural failures

High Water Structure damage, bacteria, electrocution

Fires Public health, safety, animal welfare

Air pollution Respiratory issues, asthma

Earth Shifts Chemical spills, transportation, recovery

Spills/Waste Contact, run-off, Decon. Process Food

Drought Dehydration, animal welfare, heat

Animal health Zoonosis, euthanasia, carcass disposal

Probability of each type of emergency

Chances of advance notification in time

Duration of emergency

Frequency of 2nd or 3rd event

Costs of “readiness” versus “responsiveness”

Noah’s Ark concepts…

Focus on Commonalities with strategies: manage deviations…

Incident Management Concerns

What is Normal?

For Animals: Emergency = Any variance from ordinary

Foundations for Pet Evacuations

KEYS:Responsible pet ownership

Strong Human (child) : animal bond

Certain related Activities: Regular Vet attention Socializing behaviors Obedience training Pet carriers Cats caught/transported regularly

Disaster types vary!

Animal responses are predictable at various phases:– Recognition of impending urgency– Confusion/Disorientation– Anxiety– Cortisol activation “Flight of Fight”– Homing response

Pet Owners have ultimate responsibility.

Bullets for Care of Pets

Recognition of Pain in Animals

Guarding

Listlessness

Self-mutilation

Vocalizations

Excessive Sweating/salivation

Cribbing

Lethargy

Loss of “normal” behavior

Stops chewing cud

Lack of grooming

Dehydration

Tucked-up

Abnormal resting posture

Limping, a-mobile

Comments on Aggression of Animals

Adult animals normally guard their homesDogs are likely to attack if they or their master are threatened. Dogs allowed to show aggressive behavior to other animals are more likely to attack a care provider.Man and dogs interact on 3 levels:

DependenceSocial dominanceLeader-follower relationship

Socializing decreases issues for care providers and may result in critical human safety accomplishments.

Unit 7 Quiz: Pet Care

1. False, owners have ultimate responsibility2. True, permanent identification improves return rate3. True, recognizable photo’s allow > observation 4. True, Humans > animals5. False, turning your pet loose most often decreases …6. False, Olfactory cues work off of recognition/ expose7. False, predictable not preventable8. False, keep kit away from fires: easy to get: rodent free9. D., Rabies is typically yearly in presence 10. D., Most recommend keeping pets with you

Pig Model

Biosecurity Model

Daughter Nucleus

Multiplication

Commercial (Parent)

Nursery/Finish

Boar Stud

Feral hogs in Lagoon after Floyd

Biosecurity ?

Bullets for Care of Large Animals

Mitigation activities:Repairs and Maintenance Construction Materials

Glass, tin, sharp objects Chemicals/Hazards

Drainage: fresh vs foul Evacuation/Return events

Dependable power supply

Preparations:

Communication Transportation Vet/Med

Identification Vaccinations Health Doc.

Bullets for Care of Large Animals

Always: Humans > Food Supply > Animal Life

Response:Know alert signals Weigh risks/ Err to safetyConsider Food Safety Remove Pain SourceDevelop Neighbors Expand outside Contacts

Protect Food/Water and their relationship Compare short-time inconveniences with Biosecurity risks

Recovery:Homing response Facility Safety Dust/Debris“Homeostasis” Improve Com. Skills Avoid Sights

Predominate Vet/Med Needs

Acute challenges:High winds Traumatic injuriesDroughts/Winter Starvation or DehydrationFires burns and lung damage Congregations Social damage, disease, trauma

Chronic impacts:Vaccinations Identification Bacterial/FungalBioSecurity Unskilled worker impacts Manure

Nutrient Requirements for “Survival”Dairy Cow Producing 7-9 gal. 20 lb grass hay

Dry 7-9 gal. 20 lb/d

Heifer 3-6 gal. 8-12 lb

Cow/calf 8-9 gal. 12-18 legume

400# calf 4-6 gal. 8-12 lb legume

Swine Sow/Litter 4 gal. 8 lb grain

Preg. Sow 3 gal. 2 lb grain

Gilt/Boar 1 gal. 3 lb grain

Sheep Ewe/Lamb 1 gal. 5 lb grass hay

Ewe dry 3 qt. 3 lb

Weanling 2 qt. 3 lb

Nutrient Requirements for “Survival”

Poultry Layers 5 gal. 17 grain

(Per 100 birds) Broilers 5 gal. 10 lb/d

Turkeys 12 gal. 40 lb

Horses All 5-12 gal. 20 lb hay

Dog / Cat All 1 qt. Dry food(ad libitum)

Purify water by boiling (10 min rolling), chemical tablets (1/qt) or bleaching (8-16 drops/gal for 15 minutes)

Begin at “Home”

“Homeostasis”= Animal’s perspective of normal physiologic needs to “be comfortable. Comfort is a trained response.

Plan for events (daily or emergency) that disrupt the Ability of the animal to “Control” his world.

Weather (extremes, water, adaptation, avoidance…) Pain (remove, repair, monitor, long- vs short-term…) Weigh (KEEP ALIVE vs EUTHANITIZATION) For support – MUST PLACE HUMANS > ANIMALS

Other Important Definitions NRC,1992

Distress – Aversive state…unable to adapt to stress.Stressors:

Physiologic – pain, starvation, dehydration (acute/chronic)Psychological – fear, anxiety, boredom, loneliness,

separationEnvironmental – restraint, noise, odors, habitat, people,

chemicals, other animals

Case Law – www.nabr.org/AnimalLaw/EmotionalDistress/index Intentional – Negligent – “Good Samaritan” practices

Checklists

Large Animals: Water Feed/forage Identification Vaccinations Buckets with Bleach Ropes / Halters Antiseptic/antibiotic Fencing supplies

Small Animals: Water Identification Specialty food Rabies tag Medications Exposure to area Carrier/ Leash Comfort items

“Yes ma’am, I believe I have seen your black cow…”

Don't Abandon Pets in Disasters

Dear Representative, Federal disaster grants to state and local governments should include plans to protect pets

in their evacuation plans. Please support The Pets Evacuation and Transportation Standards Act (PETS Act, H.R. 3858), sponsored by Reps. Tom Lantos, Christopher

Shays, Barney Frank, Don Young and James Oberstar. This new bill would require that the state and local disaster preparedness plans required for Federal Emergency

Management Agency funding include provisions that will protect household pets and service animals.

In addition, please send immediate aide to save the animals stranded by Hurricane Katrina. Already, animal protection groups are working overtime to save the animals they

can, but they need more help. Please help families who lost nearly everything in the hurricane be reunited with their beloved animals.

Sincerely, Your name

117,887 have signed this petition "Debra Hights (L) and Larry Ferrill react after they were forced to leave a rescue shelter in the Biloxi Community Center in Biloxi, Mississippi September 4, 2005. Hights said they were forced to leave because the shelter was being converted to a distribution center. Sheriff's officers offered to take them to another shelter, but told them they would have to let their Yorkshire Terriers go because no pets are allowed. Hights said they were in the shelter since Hurricane Katrina ravaged the area, because they accepted animals."----goes with shelter pic

Unit 8 Quiz: Large animals

1. False, barn fires occur when dry conditions present2. True, expanded Buddy system imperative 3. True, pictures are + for deceased or live animals4. False, manure sites can be source of pollutants…5. False, permanent tattoos and implants are available6. True, farmers are qualified within use directions7. False, out of site: out of mind…help when call-in8. B., 1% chance for each event, independently9. D., etching hoofs is temporary, paint branding…10. C., High wind is often cause or traumatic injuries

What is the “Next” Disaster?

Module A: Awareness & Preparedness

TEST

Module B: Community Planning

Unit 2 Quiz

1. True, disaster preps begin with personal safety.2. False, individual is 1st layer: education support FEMA3. True, US animals > $90 Billion national income4.True, food, bites, zoonosis are top 35.False, strong evidence exists…animals increase QOL6.False, food sources may be damaged…7.False. People > pets8. True, shelters must protect people who …animals9. B. increases in Pet industry revenues10. C. > 59% consider pets important to family values

Personal Impact (Owners & Aid Workers, and PUBLIC)

Basis = Work together to keep “THEM” from Stabbing You in

the BACK

The Animal Care Community

Private Owners- Pets or livestock (birds to cows)

Public Owners- Taxpayers pay for management strays etc.

Businesses- Vets, Feed stores…Millions $ of support jobs

Humane Organizations- County “Friends”, SPCA…PETA

Educational Institutions- Vet School- grade schools

Governmental Agencies- USDA, CES, DHS…Anim. Care

Professional Associations- ASAS, AVMA…tax issues

Other Associations- Clubs, 4-H, Scouts, Search/Rescue

The Agriculture Dollar

Media Communications

As you evaluate each Emergency:

Protect the Self-sustaining, individual (backbone to Animal Care is The Animal Owner)

Consider aid for people who care + those with differing priorities

Evaluate the impact of public involvement Help or Hindrance Phycho and Physio LOGIC

Prepare and Control Communications – educate and inform without sensationalizing

What is the “Next” Disaster?

Risk Assessment B-4-23

Identify possible hazards – (your Jurisdiction) List Provided + Local additions Common Knowledge + Extended resources Consider personal property

Vulnerability analysis – Threat of disaster, or routine emergency “Could you sell this to general public?” Funding?

Threat Ranking – Likelihood Vulnerability

BIGGEST BANG for your $$$$$$$$$$

Response Plans (personal / Global) Must Address Issues

Agencies DPS, DWQ, CDC, all known acronyms

Planning Assumptions

List Assets: Create If:then statements: rationality and integrity of remaining document

Alternative Strategies

Risk:reward analysis: Cost:payment survey: Impact assessment

Implementation Concerns/Issues

Protocols, people responsible, Roadblocks, Exercise strategies

Attachments Rules that change, event or people changes, Communications …

Most Disasters are “Handled” at the Local Level

Informed owner (care-provider) – Observes a difference in behavior Is informed by media or warnings Arrives on the Scene

Assesses his ability to assist (1st do no Harm!: do something!) Mitigation (planning, insurance, stockpiling, funds and

availability) Makes a decision to risk his status for the animal’s

Commits (knowledge, labor, equipment…)Evaluates (cost/benefit analysis)Cognitive decisions for next “Event”

Most Disasters are “Handled” at the Local Level

Local Planning and Collaboration – Observes/Predict behavior of Individuals (groups) Evaluates responses relative to Laws (Interests) Adds to Communications by media, warnings, addresses… Arrives on the Scene to Assist – based on Priority System

Risks to others Boundaries Damage control Availability of resources Assistance from other entities

Advanced planning = Greater Assistance

Involvement of the “Next Level”

Mutual Aid Agreements (cooperative support) – Access across boundaries Provision of resources and services Public safety actions Declarations of “Emergency” Who is “In Charge” Who is liable (death and injury while rendering

aid) When is enough, or Who call’s UNCLE?

Advanced planning = Greater Assistance

State’s Involvement

Local Government Calls to Governor – Access bigger picture – Oak Tree Scenario Arranges Aid and support – Guard and Reserve Contains materials on State Roads etc.

Diverts traffic flows Focus on Greatest Impact may Change

Creates or Responds to Economic Challenges/Industries Assumes General control but may not be “In Charge” Retains the right to call UNCLE?

Advanced planning = Greater Assistance

Federal Involvement

Governor requests from President (declares National Emergency) – Assists the Local Incident Commander Access bigger picture – Oak Tree Scenario Arranges Aid and support

FEMA- planning, education, resources and relief EPA – protect environmental impact, National Response Team DOT – regulates “hazardous material” transport, all roadways DOE – all energy concerns (radioactive wastes) DOL – Wage earner’s welfare OSHA – Safe working practices CDC – Disease impact/control

IS the UNCLE?Advanced planning = Greater Assistance

Abilities and Attributes (Assumptions)

Incident Command Strategy: ICS – Standardizes terminology Removes person (size) constraints – Demand Based Integrates Communication through responsibility “tree” Clouds responsibility in a “Hierarchy” Functional “Span of Control” Establishes Facility for incident command Allows clear definition of Resources

English paper format

Termination of activities

Emergency Operations Center (EOC)

Size and severity to engage- Minor – establishes best available “Do-ers”

Police, Highway Department, Rural Utilities numbers EOC not activated (unless move to next level)

Limited Emergencies Partial mobilization – “Do-ers working need Refreshments”

1st Limited Emergency (Watch –Warning) 2nd Limited Emergency (Conditions Exceed Normal Response Do-ers)

Potential Disaster 1st round of Support – Relief Strategies or Shelters Identified

Full Emergency – ALL HANDS ROWING

Unit 3 Quiz: Planning

1. False, local resoures are most qualified to …2. True, vets diagnose…3. True, every bit of experience is needed for plans4. False, rapid (timely) = local: FED = big and slow5. True, plans should provide a systemic response6. False, owners are most qualified for animal’s needs7. True, Canned document: personal appendices8. True, resources include vets, organizations, clubs…9. A., best way to test a plan is through exercises10. D., combined exercise + drill = Full-Scale Exercise

Decisions to Evacuate

Influences – Nature of incident Expected length of displacement Magnitude of the threat Time of year- Availability of Communications

Cautions – All captures are potentially dangerous List of “Biters”, “Kickers”, “Scratchers”, “Buttheads”, … Familiarity can be + and – Provide for rapid Identification of “Expertise” First Aid for “Caregivers”

Decisions to Evacuate: Generalities

Dogs Easiest to evacuate- “if socialized”

Cats Older cats = net, don’t travel well

Fish & Exotics Special conditions – water, elect.

Numbers: Poultry,

swine, cows

Concentrated effort- network

“Biosecurity, Labor, Logistics, economics, waste mgmt., slaughter permits, feed/water…”

Horses Owners w/o trailers, “hosts, vanity vaccines, Socialization,…”

Public Health Issues / Animals

Contaminated food supply

Residue hazards in products/crops

Run-off, spills to/from animals

Recognition of “contamination”

Zoonosis Animals-people (pets-children) Low level tolerances- bacteria

Incubation hosts/carriers

Dog Bites Surprise, cornering, handling, intervening, In-experience

FREEZE, “SIT”, OBJECT, HEAD

Inform, Isolate, Contain…

Mental Health/Safety

Re-entry/Evac., Separation anxiety, Grief, Bereavement, Anger, Guilt, Psychosomatic symptoms, Irrationality

Unit 4 Quiz: Risks

1. True, annex is a step toward community plan2. True, Access to farm is mitigation to flooding3. False, < half-life max. stay in food/tissues4. True, health scientists are a likely response…5. True, chemical companies have supplies …6. False, Native wildlife to the area include…7. True, ICC monitors and contains spills8. B., adding smells to gases increases recognition9. C., community characteristics include population10. A., vulnerability analysis … size of farms…

Shelter Policies

State Public Health Regulations

Prohibit Animals in public facilities… : Shelters must adhere

Am. Red Cross Only “seeing and hearing” dogs…

Ownership Occupants ≠ owners

Well-being of “residents”

Injuries, anxiety, lack of privacy from pets (bites, allergies, phobias and/or noise)

Liability Personal injury (pet or others), property damage from animals biting, scratching, chewing while fighting or playing or from urinating in “inappropriate” places

Decisions Not to Evacuate

Safety Humans Human Evacuation Failures

Re-entry to “Rescue” attempts

Human casualty count

Traumatic concerns

Identification Stray animal policies

Lost = not ID’d, missing or dead or Stolen and sold

Stranger approach for rescue

Disposal Issues Personalities vs Perceptions

Environmental Concerns

Live animals Uncontained Waste, flies and rodents, Disease spread, crop damage, sensitive areas, potential for unfound carcasses

Dead Animals Disposal: < 24 hours

Methods:Rendering-high temp cooking

Burning- incinerators

Burial – 3 ft deep/12” above water ?

Composting – 1:2 (Protein:carbon)

Fermentation – bacterial digestion

Pause for the PAWS

Personal Plan1. Risk Assessment2. Which of these can I respond to?3. What are the limits to my response?4. If I do _________: What will happen?5. Do I have a common meeting place?6. Who knows how I am right now?7. When cell service goes down,…?8. Where is my home away from home?9. What limitations does that home present? 10. How can I help the people who will be

coming after me/mine if needed?

Pause for the PAWS

Responsible Community ServiceRisk Assessment1. Who/what is worth my energies?2. If it impacts me: what efforts are

mutually beneficial?3. If I do _________: What will happen?4. If it doesn’t impact me (?): when will it be

my turn?5. Who needs me to watch for them?6. What facilities/strengths can I offer?7. What are the must-haves for me to get

involved?8. How can I communicate needs for others?

Pause for the PAWS

SART or CART1. Do I have one available to review?2. Who is the contact person (mine?)?3. If I do _________: What will happen?4. In Need: whom do I call?5. When available: whom do I call?6. What are commonalities between my

personal, business, job, school’s …and the CART plan?

7. How can I help the people who will be coming after me/mine if needed?

8. Do I need to be involved?

Duplin County Animal Response

Acknowledgements - multi-jurisdictional task force

Names of Participants – Extension Agents, EMS Mgmt, Soil and Water, County Health, Solid Waste Disposal, NC Forest Service, NCDA Vets, County Mgr., USDA Farm Service, Animal Control, Ag. Pro. Companies and private parties.

1.1 Purpose Statement- To protect wild and domesticated animal resources, the public health, the public food supply, the environment and ensure the humane care and treatment of animals in the case of a large-scale emergency…

1.2 Scope- Intent and Who shall activate

Duplin County Animal Response2.0 Affected Agencies – tasks

2.1 Primary2.2 Support2.3 Additional resources2.4 Sub-committees

A. EquineB. Domestic Pets – Appendix B-Primary ContactsC. Livestock/PoultryD. Mortality disposalE. Communications/PRF. WildlifeG. Incident commanders

Duplin County Animal Response

3.0 Planning Assumptions –A. Owners (notified) will take reasonable steps to provide for animals under their care and/or control.

B. Disasters affect well-being …animals.C. County plans both emergency local response and recovery…outside help is likely for large events.D. Animal Plans…care, id, house, shelter & inform E. Public Information issued –media …locationsF. Large-scale = state, local…specialized mutual aidG. Effective planning/org. will improve efforts.

Duplin County Animal Response

4.0 Concepts of Operations4.1 General

A. Management – County Emergency Mgmt.B. Requests for assistance – County EMS – State EOC C. Animal Protection – Duplin ICS: Public health – County DPH PlansD. Animals include

1. Livestock –owner’s responsibility2. Dom. and Non-Dom. – CART- feed, care Return or disposed in accordance to animal control plan3. Wild- own instincts + Wildlife Mgmt.- habitat

Duplin County Animal Response

4.2 Notification: EMS – Primary, support, mutual aid tree as needed

4.3 Communication- telephone, fax, cell, FM Radio special satellite phone at ICS – broadcasts out over tv & radio

4.4 Public Relations- County Manager + Ex. Director = spokesmen

1. Promote awareness 2. Recruit volunteers

4.5 Public Information – Appointed official

1. Notify of shelters 2. Preparation of pets for em.

Duplin County Animal Response

4.6 Response * (some not available)

A. Equine

1. Search and Rescue 2. Evacuated 3. Stray/lost 4. Recovery

B. Domestic Pets

C. Livestock

D. Wildlife

E. Additional aid – ICS request to CART to SART

F. Shelter destroyed – alternative boarding

G. Shelter Management: private vs Volunteer people and supply

H. Medical Assistance

I. Bites/disease control – Duplin County Health Dept.

Duplin County Animal Response

4.7 Recovery

A. Carcass disposal – County Mortality Com.

1. Farm Plan- each producer/Company

a. Evacuation route/equip.

b. On-site burialc. Contact person (damage/assistance: EMS)

d. State if not available for burial

2. County Plan…

Duplin County Animal Response

4.7 Recovery A. Carcass disposal – County Mortality Com.

2. County Plana. Large farms b. Contact tree (EMS call-out)c. commercial crews (clean-out)d. equipment- dead removale. Co-op counties

3. Priority handling (disease prevalence)a. render b. burial c. compost d. incinerate

Duplin County Animal Response

5.0 Review and update procedures

6.0 Approval

6.1 Primary agencies

County Emergency Management

County Cooperative ExtensionCounty Soil and Water Conservation

County Health Dept./Animal control

Duplin CART Appendix A.

Domestic Pets - If you leave-take your pet…- Many emergency shelters can not take pets– your

problem (including contact information)- Identify all pets- name, address, phone #, permanent +

evac. site- Current Photos - Pet carrier, harness or lease (do not allow escape)- Food, water, meds, records, cat box, can opener, food

dish, first aid kit are must haves- Keep medical records, and vaccines current- Find foster home-provide accessories and payment

Duplin CART Appendix A.

Livestock - Evacuate if possible- Site should have: food, water, vet care, handling equipment- If not leaving, decide on available shelter of freedom- ALL animals should be identified.

Wildlife - Seek higher ground –may be stuck on islands- If suitable-leave food out- Animals have “Flight Response”- will flee if approached: back away if harmful- Water may drive animals higher and leave them there as subsides (snakes>>>)- Never Capture w/o training, clothing, equipment and caging- Beware of animals eating in/around carcasses- Mosquitoes, carcasses present disease problems

Further Assistance: CALL --------------- or -------------

Additional References:

Animal Care and Use Committee- NRC

www.theMerckVeterinaryManual

PQA & TQA programs of National Pork Board

EMS and AWMS docs.

www.ca.uky.edu www.kindplanet.org

www.animaldisasters.com

Bladen County Animal Response Team

Duplin County Animal Response Team

Members of Sampson County Team …

Unit 5 Quiz:

1. True, 2. True, 3. True, 4. True,5. True,6. True,7. False, 8. D.,9. C.,10. B.,

Unit 6 Quiz:

1. True,2. False, 3. False, 4. True,5. False, 6. True,7. True, 8. A.,9. A., 10. C.,

Unit 7 Quiz:

1. True,2. True,3. False, 4. True,5. True,6. False, 7. False, 8. D., 9. A.,10. B.,