animal care and ethics

ANIMAL ETHICS AND CAREDR KETAN ASAWALLEJR IIDEPT. OF PHARMACOLOGYSHRI. VN GMC YAVATMAL

AIMS and OBJECTIVES

• Introduction• History

• Need of the Hour• Animal ethics

• CPCSEA Guidelines• Summary

BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH:• Bio: “life or living organism”• Medical: “healing; pertaining to the science, study, or practice of medicine, or the art of healing diseases” • Research: “careful examination in some field of knowledge to establish facts or principles”

IMPORTANCE:• To better understand normal physiology and also the causes of disease.• To develop new drugs, vaccines, or procedures to prevent or treat diseases.• To test the safety of products we use every day in our lives.

BIOMEDICAL METHODS

Non Animal Preliminary

stage Chemical,

Mechanical Mathematical

, Computation

al

In vitro Early stage experiments contain

lab containers, biological

tissue samples

Animal model Best

predictors of human responses

in high order

animals

HumanLast clinical stage study

of new vaccine or medicine in

human volunteer

• Animals are biologically similar to humans

• Anatomical, physiological and genetic similarities with humans

• Animals are susceptible to many health problems as humans

• Animals have a shorter life cycle than humans and as a result, they can be studied throughout their whole life span or across several generations

• Animals can easily maintained and bred in controlled environment (diet, temperature, lighting)

WHY ANIMALS IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH?

AIMS and OBJECTIVES




FIRST DOG IN SPACE LAIKA

Laika, a mixed bred stray dog ‘recruited’ to the Soviet

space program Moscow.

The first creature to orbit the Earth in an attempt to study the prolonged effect

of weightlessness on a living being.

Laika was 3 years old when she was launched on the Sputnik 2 spacecraft on

November 3rd 1957.She was secured in a

special pressurized 1957

capsule 3 days before launch and provided

with a high nutrition gel for food and water.

It appeared that weightlessness alone did

not cause major changes to the vital physiological functions of a living

creature .

This was good news for human spaceflight

HISTORY OF ANIMAL ETHICS

Global

• 1641- First Legislation forbidding cruelty to animals passed in the Court of Massachusetts • 1820 - First anti-cruelty law was passed in England. • 1824 and 1865 - Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) in England and USA • 1871 - “The British Association for the Advancement of Science” published guidelines for animal experimentation American Antivivisection society came into existence • 1876 - Prevention of cruelty to animals Act- United Kingdom(anti-vivisectionists) • Animal Ethics issue began in Europe in the 1960s. – Ruth Harrison’s Animal Machines– Brambell Committee 1965 • 1993 UK Farm Animal Welfare Council published the 5 new freedoms.

• 1874–Bombay SPCA• 1890 - Act preventing cruelty to animals implemented • Later replaced by “ THE PREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO ANIMALS ACT, 1960”. • Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals

HISTORY OF ANIMAL ETHICS

India

AIMS and OBJECTIVES




• Between 17 and 23 million animals are used in research each year.

• Approximately 95% of these animals are rats and mice.

• Specifically bred for research and 4.25% of these animals include rabbits, guinea pigs, sheep, fish, frogs, insects, and other species.

• Only 0.75% of the animals in research are cats, dogs, and primates

HOW MANY ANIMALS IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH?

Animal Number per day Frequency

Mice 7342 1 per 12 sec

Fish 1545 1 per 56 sec

Rat 744 1 per 1.9 mins

Birds 466 1 per 3 mins

Sheep 103 1 per 14 mins

Rabbits 42 1 per 34 mins

Amphibians 44 1 per 33 mins

Guinea Pigs 32 1 per 46 mins

Experimental Animal Usage

http://www.vivisectioninformation.com/index.php?p=1_76_UPDATED-How-many-animals-are- used

AIMS and OBJECTIVES


• Need of the Hour• Animal ethics• CPCSEA Guidelines

• Summary

1. What are the differences between all these organisms? What makes it ok to do research on one of these organisms and not the other?

2. What if the research done on a few of the individuals in a species benefits the animals in that same species?

3. What if the research done on a few of the individuals in a species benefits the animals in a different species?

4. Research methodology?

What pops into the mind?

• Research institutions

• Scientists and their research staff

• Veterinarians, laboratory animal technicians animal care personnel

• Federal and local government agencies

• Scientific organisations

• Patients

WHO CARES ABOUT THE LAB ANIMALS?

Why do we worry about animals?• Emotional issue

• Government laws

• Moral obligations

• The use of animals is a privilege and not a right

• Animals are not only bio-system in use.• If not animals then experiments in humans under uncontrolled conditions • Animal research vital to medical progress • In vitro alternatives provide supplementary information and work only as adjuncts • Certain life processes cannot be investigated without involving whole animal systems • It is sometimes said that there are no morally compelling reasons to respect nonhuman animals.• But actually there are good reasons to conclude that the way most animals suffer and die is unjust, and that speciesism is totally unacceptable

The Scientist’s Viewpoint

Two Major Points of View

Animal Rights - the goal is ending all animal use --- food, clothing, entertainment, medical research or hunting. Animal Welfare – demands that animals must be treated and used humanely. Animals can be used for any purpose, but the responsibility of care and humane treatment lies with the human

Motto of Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (PCA) Act 1960 as amended in 1982, is to prevent infliction of

unnecessary pain or suffering on animals

Government has constituted a Committee for Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals

(CPCSEA) which is duty bound to take all such measures as may be necessary to ensure that animals are not

subjected to unnecessary pain or suffering before, during or after the performance of experiments on them

For this purpose, Government has made "Breeding of and Experiments on Animals Rules, 1998" as amended during 2001 and 2006, to regulate experimentation on animals.

WHAT IS THE VISION ?

AIMS and OBJECTIVES




Hon.Smt. Maneka GandhiMinister for Woman and Child Development

Committee for thePurpose ofControl andSupervision ofExperiments onAnimals

Ministry of Environment, Forrest and Climate Change

• Registration of establishments conducting animal experimentation or breeding of animals for this purpose.• Selection and appointment of nominees in the Institutional Animal Ethics Committees of registered establishments.• Approval of Animal House Facilities on the basis of reports of inspections conducted by CPCSEA.• Permission for conducting experiments involving use of animals.• Recommendation for import of animals for use in experiments.• Action against establishments in case of violation of any legal norm/stipulation.

FUNCTIONS of CPCSEA

Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) for animal facilities is intended to assure quality maintenance and safety of animals used in laboratory studies while conducting biomedical and behavioural research and testing of

products.

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

GOAL:• To promote the humane care of animals.

• Testing with the basic objective of providing specifications that will enhance animal well-being.

• Improve quality in the pursuit of advancement of biological knowledge of humans and animals.

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

VETERINARY CARE:• Adequate veterinary care provided by qualified person.• Daily observation of animals can be done by someone else.• There must be a mechanism for direct communication with the veterinarian.• Veterinarian must contribute in formation of policies and procedures for– Veterinary care.– Animal care.– Animal husbandry.– Monitoring occupational health hazards.– Zoonosis control programme.

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

ANIMAL PROCUREMENT:• Animal must be acquired legally as per CPCSEA guidelines.• Health surveillance programme for screening of incoming animals.• Methods of transportation must be taken into account.• Each consignment of animal should be inspected for compliance with procurement specification.• The animal should be quarantined and stabilised.

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

QUARANTINE, STABILIZATION AND SEPERATION:• Quarantine is separation of new animals from old ones.• Minimizes the chances of introduction of pathogen in an established colony.• Minimum time of quarantine is 1 week for small animals and 6 weeks for large animals.• Newly acquired animal must be given a period of psychologic and nutritional stabilisation.• The period of stabilisation depends on– Type of transportation.– Species involved.– Intended use of animals

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

QUARANTINE, STABILIZATION AND SEPERATION:• Separation of animals is done according to species to– Prevent interspecies diseases.– Eliminate anxiety, psychological and behavioural changes due to interspecies conflicts.

• Separation is attained by separate rooms/cages.

• Two species can be held in same facility only if– Same pathogen status– Behaviour compatibility is good.

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

SURVEILLANCE, DIANGOSIS, TREATMENT AND CONTROL OF DISEASE:• Daily observation for signs of illness, injury and abnormal behaviour.• Unexpected deaths and signs of illness and distress are to be reported promptly to ensure proper care.• Animal is isolated during the entire process of treatment.

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

ANIMAL CARE AND TECHNICAL PERSONNEL • Animal care programs require technical and husbandry support.• Institutions should employ people trained in laboratory animal science.• Formal and on the job training should be given.

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

PERSONAL HYGIENE:• Animal care staff should maintain a high standard of personal cleanliness.• Facilities for the same should be provided.• Clothing suitable for use in the animal facility should be supplied and laundered by the institution.• Institutional facilities should be used to decontaminate clothing. • Use disposable gear such as gloves, masks, head covers, coats, coveralls and shoe covers.• Outer garments worn in the animal rooms should not be worn outside the animal facility.• Personnel should not be permitted to eat, drink, smoke or apply cosmetics in animal rooms.

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION INVOLVING HAZARDOUS AGENTS:• Governing policies should be made by institution.• Institutional Bio safety Committee are in place in higher level institutions.• Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBSC) members:– Head of the institution or his nominee.– 3 or more scientists engaged in DNA work or molecular biology with an outside expert in the relevant discipline.– A member with medical qualification-Biosafety officer (in case of work with pathogenic agents/large scale used.) – One member nominated by Department of BioTechnology (DBT) .

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

FUNCTIONS OF IBSC:• Registration of Biosafety Committee membership composition with the Review Committee on Genetic Manipulations (RCGM) and submission of report.• Review and clearance of project proposals falling under restricted category that meets the requirements under the guidelines.• Tailoring biosafety program to the level of risk assessment.• Training of personnel on bio safety.• Instituting health monitoring program for laboratory personnel.• Adopting emergency plans.

MULTIPLE SURGICAL PROCEDURES ON SINGLE ANIMAL:• Multiple surgical procedures on a single animal for any testing or experiment are not to be practiced unless specified in a protocol only approved by the IAEC.

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

DURATIONS OF EXPERIMENTS:• No animal should be used for experimentation for more than 3 years unless adequate justification is provided.

CPCSEA GUIDELINESPHYSICAL RESTRAINT :• Brief physical restraint of animals for examination, collection of samples.• Prolonged restraint should be avoided unless essential to research objectives.• The following are important guidelines for the use of restraint equipments:– Restraint devices cannot be used simply as a convenience. – The period of restraint should be the minimum required. – Animals to be placed in restraint devices should be given training to adapt. – Provision should be made for observation of the animal at appropriate intervals.

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

PHYSICAL PLAN :• The physical condition and design of animal facility determine the efficiency and economy of their operation.• The design and size of an animal facility depend on– the scope of institutional research activities– animals to be housed– physical relationship to the rest of the institution– geographic location• A well-planned, properly maintained facility is an important element in good animal care.

PHYSICAL RELATIONSHIP OF ANIMAL FACILITIES TO LABORATORIES:• It is important that animals shall be housed in an isolated building far away from human habitations.• The building, cages and environment of animal rooms are the major factors.• The animal rooms should occupy about 50-60% of the total constructed area and the remaining area should be utilised for services.• Since animals are very sensitive to environmental changes, sharp fluctuations in temperature, humidity, light, sound and ventilation should be avoided.

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

FUNCTIONAL AREAS:The size and nature of a facility will determine whether areas for separate service functions are possible or necessary. Sufficient animal area required to • Ensure separation of species or isolation of individual projects when necessary• Receive, quarantine, and isolate animals; and• Provide for animal housing

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

PHYSICAL FACILITIES: • Building materials Should be– Selected to facilitate efficient and hygienic operation of animal facilities.– Durable, moisture-proof, fire-resistant, seamless materials are most desirable for interior surfaces including vermin and pest resistance. • Corridor(s) should be:– Wide enough to facilitate the movement of personnel as well as equipments and should be kept clean.• Utilities:– Water lines drain pipes, and electrical connections should preferably be accessible through service panels or shafts in corridors outside the animal rooms.

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

PHYSICAL FACILITIES: • Animal Room Doors: – Doors should be rust, vermin and dust proof– Should fit properly within their frames and provided with an observation window.– Door closures.– Rodent barriers.

• Exterior Windows:– Windows are not recommended for small animal facilities.– May be necessary to provide alternate source of light and ventilation.– In primate rooms, windows can be provided.

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

PHYSICAL FACILITIES: • Floors: – Floors should be smooth, moisture proof, nonabsorbent, skid-proof, resistant to acid, solvents, adverse effects of detergents and disinfectants. – They should be capable of supporting racks, equipment, and stored items without becoming gouged, cracked, or pitted, with minimum number of joints. – A continuous moisture-proof membrane might be needed.

• Drains:– Where floor drains are used, the floors should be sloped and drain taps kept filled with water or corrosion free mesh. To prevent high humidity, drainage must be adequate to allow rapid removal of water and drying of surfaces.

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

PHYSICAL FACILITIES: • Walls & Ceilings: – Walls should be. free of cracks, unsealed utility penetrations, or imperfect junctions with doors, ceilings, floors and corners. – Surface materials should be capable of withstanding scrubbing with detergents, disinfectants and the impact of water under high pressure.

• Storage Areas:– Separate storage areas should be designed for feed, bedding, cages and materials not in use. – Refrigerated storage, separated from other cold storage, is essential for storage of dead animals and animal tissue waste

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

PHYSICAL FACILITIES: • Facilities For Sanitising Equipment And Supplies:An area for sanitising cages and ancillary equipment is essential with adequate water supply.

• Experimental Area:– All experimental procedures in small animals should be carried out in a separate area away from the place where animals. are housed.– For larger animal functional areas for aseptic surgery should include a separate surgical support area, a preparation area, the operating room or rooms, and an area for intensive care and supportive treatment of animals.

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

ENVIRONMENT :• Temperature And Humidity Control: – Air conditioning is an effective means of regulating these environmental parameters for laboratory animals.– Temperature and humidity control prevents variations due to changing climatic conditions or differences in the number and kind of room occupants. – The range of approximately 18 to 29°C includes the temperature ranges usually recommended for common laboratory animals. – The relative humidity should be controllable within the range of 30% to 70% throughout the year.

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

ENVIRONMENT :• Ventilation:– Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems should be designed so that operation can be continued with a standby system.– The animal facility and human occupancy areas should be ventilated separately.• Noise Control:– The facility should be provided with noise free environment.– Concrete walls are more effective than metal or plaster walls containing noise because their density reduces sound transmission.

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

ENVIRONMENT :• Power And Lighting:– It suggested that a lighting system be installed that provides adequate illumination while people are working in the animal rooms and a lowered intensity of light for the animals. – Fluorescent lights are also used.– A time-controlled lighting system should be used to ensure a regular diurnal lighting cycle wherever required.– Emergency power should be available in the event of power failure.

CPCSEA GUIDELINESANIMAL HUSBANDRY :• Caging Or Housing System should:– Provide space that is adequate, permit freedom of movement and normal postural adjustments, and have a resting place appropriate to the species. – Provide a comfortable environment. – Provide an escape proof enclosure that confines animal safety. – Provide easy access to food and water. – Provide adequate ventilation.– Meet the biological needs of the animals, e.g., maintenance of body temperature, urination, defecation, and reproduction. – Keep the animals dry and clean.– Facilitate research while maintaining good health of the animals.

CPCSEA GUIDELINESANIMAL HUSBANDRY :• Sheltered Or Outdoor Housing:– In outdoor runs, pens, or other large enclosures, there must be protection from extremes in temperature or other harsh whether conditions and adequate protective and escape mechanism for submissive animals. – Shelter should be accessible to all animals, have sufficient ventilation, and be designed to prevent build up of waste materials and excessive moisture. – Ground-level surfaces of outdoor housing facilities can be covered with absorbent bedding, sand, gravel, grass, or similar material.– Buildup of animal waste and stagnant water should be avoided.

CPCSEA GUIDELINESANIMAL HUSBANDRY :• Social Environment:– In selecting a suitable social environment, attention should be given to whether

1. The animals are naturally territorial or communal. 2. The animals will be housed singly or in groups.

– It is important to take into account population density and ability to disperse; initial familiarity among animals; and age, sex, and social rank. – Group composition should be held as stable as possible, particularly for canine, non-human primates, and other highly social mammals, because mixing of groups or introducing new members can alter behavioural and physiological functions. – Non-human primates should have a run for free ranging activities

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

ACTIVITY: • Provision should be made for animals with specialised locomotor pattern to express these patterns for e.g., ropes, bars, and perches.• Cages are often used for short-term (up to 3 months) housing of dogs and may be necessary for post surgical care, isolation of sick dogs, and metabolic studies. • Pens, runs, or other out-of-cage space provide more opportunity for exercise.

CPCSEA GUIDELINESFOOD:• Animals should be fed palatable, non-contaminated, and nutritionally adequate food daily unless the experimental protocol requires otherwise.• Feeders should allow easy access to food, while avoiding contamination by urine and faeces.• Laboratory animal diets should not be manufactured or stored in facilities used for farm feeds• Areas in which diets are processed or stored should be kept clean and enclosed to prevent entry of insects or other animals.• Precautions should be taken if perishable items such as meats, fruits, and vegetables are fed.• Diet should be free from heavy metals.• Food hoppers should not be transferred from room to room unless cleaned and sanitised.

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

BEDDING:• Bedding should be absorbent, free of toxic chemicals or other substances that could injure animals or personnel, and of a type not readily eaten by animals. • Bedding should be removed and replaced with fresh materials as often as necessary to keep the animals clean and dry. It is ideal to change the bedding twice a week.• Nesting materials for newly delivered animals wherever can be provided (e.g. Paper, tissue paper, cotton etc.).

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

WATER:• Ordinarily animals should have continuous access to fresh, potable, uncontaminated drinking water, according to their particular requirements.• Periodic monitoring of microbial contamination in water is necessary.• Watering devices, such as drinking tubes and automatic waterers if used should be examined routinely.• It is better to replace water bottles than to refill them.

CPCSEA GUIDELINESSANITATION:• Animal rooms, corridors, storage spaces, and other areas should be cleaned with appropriate detergents and disinfectants.• Cleaning utensils, such as mops, pails, and brooms, should not be transported between animal rooms.• Where animal waste is removed by hosting or flushing, this should be done at least twice a day. Animals should be kept dry during such procedures.• Cages should be sanitised before animals are placed in them .• Wire - bottom rodent cages for all other animals should be washed at least every 2 weeks. It is good practice to have extra cages available at all times so that a systematic cage-washing schedule can be maintained.

CPCSEA GUIDELINESSANITATION:• Disinfection can also be accomplished with appropriate chemicals.• Equipments should be rinsed free of chemicals prior to use.• Some rodents produce urine with high concentration of proteins and minerals necessitate treatment with acid solutions before washing.• Water bottles, sipper tubes, stoppers, and other watering equipment sanitized by rinsing with water of at least 82.2C (180F) or appropriated chemicals agents (e.g. hyper chlorite).• Deodorisers or chemical agents other than germicidal should not be used to mask animal odours.

CPCSEA GUIDELINESASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SANITATION :• It can include– Visual inspection of the materials.– Monitoring of water temperatures.– Microbiologic monitoring. • The intensity of animal odours (ammonia) should not be used as the sole means of assessing the effectiveness of the sanitation program. • Frequency of cage - bedding changes or cage - washing should be based on:– The concentration of ammonia– The appearance of the cage– The condition of the bedding– The number and size of animals housed in the cage.

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

WASTE DISPOSAL • Waste should be– Removed regularly and frequently.– Collected indisposed in a safe and sanitary manner.– Incineration is preferred.• Containers should be leak proof.• Storage area of waste products should be secluded.• Cold storage may be necessary to preserve tissues.• Storage area should be free from pests and insects.

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

PEST CONTROL:• Programs designed to prevent, control, or eliminate the presence of or infestations by pests are essential in an animal environment.

EMERGENCY, WEEKEND AND HOLIDAY CARE:• Animals should be cared for by qualified personnel every day, including weekends and holidays.• In the event of an emergency, institutional security personnel and fire or police officials should be able to reach people responsible for the animals.

CPCSEA GUIDELINESRECORD KEEPING The Animal House should maintain following records:• Animal House plans, which includes typical floor plan, all fixtures etc.• Animal House staff record - both technical and non - technical• Health record of staff! animals.• All SOPs relevant to the animals.• Breeding, stock, purchase and sales records.• Minutes of institute Animals Ethics Committee Meetings.• Records of experiments conducted with the number of animals used (copy of Form D).• Death Record.• Clinical record of sick animals.• Training record of staff involved in animal activities.• Water analysis report.

CPCSEA GUIDELINESSTANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOPs) I Guidelines should contain:• Name of the Author• Title of the SOP • Date of preparation • Reference of previous SOP on the same subject and date (Issue no and Date) • Location and distribution of Sops with sign of each recipient • Objectives • Detailed information of the instruments used• The name of the manufacturer of the reagents and the methodology of the analysis pertaining to animals.• Normal value of all parameters• Hazard identification and risk assessment

CPCSEA GUIDELINESPERSONNEL AND TRAINING:• The selection of animal facility staff.• The staff must be provided with all required protective clothing.• Facilities should be provided for change over with lockers, wash basin, toilets and bathrooms to maintain personal hygiene.• It is also important a regular medical check-up is arranged for the workers.• The animal house in-charge should maintain discipline in animal house.• A few weeks must be spent on the training of the newly recruited staff teaching them– The animal handling techniques.– Cleaning of cages.– Importance of hygiene, disinfection and sterilisation.

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

TRANSPORT OF LABORATORY ANIMALS: • The main considerations for transport of animals are:– the mode of transport– the containers– the animal density in cages– food and water during transit– protection from transit infections, injuries and stress. • The mode of transport of animals depends on the distance, seasonal and climatic conditions and the species of animals.

CPCSEA GUIDELINESANAESTHESIA AND EUTHANASIA:• The scientists should ensure that the painful are conducted under appropriate anaesthesia.• Anaesthesia is given for the full duration of experiment and at no stage the animal is conscious to perceive pain during the experiment.• If at any stage during the experiment the investigator feels that he has to abandon the experiment or he has inflicted irreparable injury, the animal should be sacrificed.• In the event of a decision to sacrifice an animal on termination of an experiment or other wise an approved method of euthanasia should be adopted.

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

LABORATORY ANIMAL ETHICS:• From the ethical point of view it is important that such considerations are taken care at the– Individual level– Institutional level– National level.

CPCSEA GUIDELINESTRANSGENIC ANIMALS :• Transgenic animals are those animals, into whose germ line foreign gene(s) have been engineered.• These animals can be bred to establish transgenic animal strains.• Transgenic animals are used to study– the biological functions of specific genes– to develop animal models for diseases of humans or animals– to produce therapeutic products, vaccines and for biological screening, etc.• To avoid the spread of the genes in wild population care should be taken to ensure that these are not inadvertently released in the wild to prevent cross breeding with other animals.

CPCSEA GUIDELINES

BREEDING AND GENETICS:• For initiating a colony, the breeding stock must be procured from CPCSEA registered breeders.• In case of an inbred strain, the characters of the strain with their gene distribution and the number of inbred generation must be known for further propagation.• The health status should indicate their origin– Conventional– Specific pathogen free– Transgenic gnotobiotic or knockout stock.

OBJECTIVES:• To contribute to effective functioning of Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC)• A quality and consistent ethical review mechanism for research on animals is put in place for all proposals dealt by• Experiments shall be performed in every case by or under the supervision of a person duly qualified • That experiments are performed with due care and humanity• Committee was prescribed by the CPCSEA under PCA Act 1960 and Breeding and Experimentation Rules 1998

Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC)

Include EIGHT MEMBERS as follows: 1. A biological scientist2. Two scientists from different biological disciplines 3. A veterinarian involved in the care of animal4. Scientist in charge of animals facility of the establishment concerned5. A scientist from outside the institute6. A non scientific socially aware member and7. A nominee of CPCSEA

Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC)

• Not conducting experiments or other scientific procedures on protected live animals.• The replacement can be absolute or relative, direct or indirect, total or partial.

Strategies of 3Rs

• Animal sharing• Changes in research strategy• Use of proper statistical design • Proper use of strains, mutants, transgenic etc. (Quality and Quantity)

• Techniques aimed at decreased invasiveness of bodies• Improved instrumentation for monitoring animals and• Analysis of body fluids and better management of pain and distress in animals.

Reduction Refinement Replacement

AIMS and OBJECTIVES




SUMMARY

ANIMAL ETHICS ANIMAL CARECPCSEA GUIDELINES

Take Home Message

Take care of Lab Animals

After all

You will OWE them

MD

THANKYOU!

REFERENCES

1. CPCSEA Guidelines For Laboratory Animal Facility. 2. Guidelines For Care And Use Of Animals In Scientific Research, Indian National Science Academy New Delhi.3. Screening Methods In Pharmacology, Shiv Prakash NS Parmar.

animal care and ethics

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