angiology 脉管系统
DESCRIPTION
Angiology 脉管系统. 山东大学医学院 解剖教研室 李振华. Composition. Cardiovascular system 心血管系统 Lymphatic system 淋巴系统. The cardiovascular system. Organization Heart 心 A muscle pump to maintain the flow of blood, Consist of four chambers (right and left atria, right and left ventricles) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Angiology 脉管系统
山东大学医学院 解剖教研室 李振华
Composition Cardiovascular system
心血管系统 Lymphatic system
淋巴系统
The cardiovascular systemOrganization Heart 心
A muscle pump to maintain the flow of blood,
Consist of four chambers (right and left atria, right and left ventricles)
Artery 动脉 a. carry blood away from the heart
Veins 静脉 v. carry blood back to the heart
Capillary 毛细血管 microscopic vessels, the area of exchange between blood and tissue fluid
Blood circulation Systemic circulation 体循环
left ventricle→aorta and its branches→capillaries of body→superior and inferior vena cava→right atrium
Pulmonary circulation 肺循环 right ventricle→pulmonary a.→capillaries of lung→pulmonary v.→right atrium
Vascular anastomosis 血管吻合 Anastomosis between a. Anastomosis between v. Arteriolovenular anastomosis
动静脉吻合 Collateral vessels 侧副管 Circulation 侧支循环
Rectal venous plexus
The ArteriesCharacteristics Symmetry 对称 In the trunk of the body consi
st parietal and visceral branches 壁支和脏支
Shortest possible course Run on flexor surfaces Usually do not pass directly
through muscles, avoiding compression
Together with the veins and nerves in a sheath of fascia to form neurovascular bundle 血管神经束
Arteries of pulmonary circulation 肺循环的动脉
Pulmonary trunk 肺动脉干 Arises from right ventricl
e Runs up, back ,and to t
he left Bifurcates inferior to aor
tic arch into right and left pulmonary arteries, one for each lung
Arteries of systemic circulation 体循环的动脉Aorta 主动脉 Ascending aorta 升主动脉 Aortic arch 主动脉弓
Brachiocephalic trunk 头臂干 right common carotid a. 右颈总动脉 right subclavian a. 右锁骨下动脉
Left common carotid a. 左颈总动脉 Left subclavian a. 左锁骨下动脉
Descending aorta 降主动脉 Thoracic aorta 胸主动脉 Abdominal aorta 腹主动脉
Arteries of head and neck Common carotid a. 颈总动脉
External carotid a. 颈外动脉 Internal carotid a. 颈内动脉
Subclavian a. 锁骨下动脉
Arteries of upper limb Axillary a. 腋动脉 Brachial a. 肱动脉 Radial a. 桡动脉 Ulnar a. 尺动脉 Superficial palmar arch
掌浅弓 deep palmar arc 掌深弓
Thoracic aorta 胸主动脉 Parietal branches 壁支
Nine pairs posterior intercostals arteries 肋间后动脉
One pair subcostal 肋下动脉 Visceral branches 脏支
Abdominal aorta 腹主动脉Visceral branches 脏支 Paired branches
Middle suprarenal artery 肾上腺中动脉
Renal artery 肾动脉 Testicular (ovarian) artery
睾丸(卵巢)动脉 Unpaired branches
Celiac trunk 腹腔干 Superior mesenteric a.
肠系膜上动脉 Inferior mesenteric a.
肠系膜下动脉Parietal branches
Arteries of pelvis Common iliac a. 髂总动脉
Internal iliac a. 髂内动脉 External iliac a. 髂外动脉
Arteries of lower limb Femoral a. 股动脉 Popliteal a. 腘动脉 Posterior tibial a.
胫后动脉 Anterior tibial a.
胫前动脉 dorsal a. of foot
足背动脉
The Veins 静脉
General feature Thin walls, larger lumens, v
enous valves, venous plexus, venous rete
Two sets Superficial vein Deep veins
Special structures: sinuses of dura mater 硬
脑膜窦 diploic veins 板障静脉
Venous valve
Diploic veins
Sinuses of dura mater
Superior vena cava and its tributaries
Veins of head and neck Internal jugular vein External jugular vein Brachiocephalic vein: ve
nous angle
Veins of upper limb Deep vein: have the sa
me names as their companion arteries
Superficial veins: cephalic v. 头静脉 basilica v. 贵要静脉 median cubital v.
肘正中静脉
Veins of thorax Superior vena cava
上腔静脉 Azygos v. 奇静脉 Hemiazygos v. 半奇静
脉 accessory hemiazygos
v. 副半奇静脉 Veins of vertebral colu
mn 椎静脉丛
Inferior vena cava system
Veins of lower limb Deep vein: have the sa
me names as their companion arteries
Superficial veins: great saphenous v.
大隐静脉 small saphenous
小隐静脉
Veins of pelvis Internal iliac v. 髂内静
脉 External iliac v. 髂外静
脉 Common iliac v. 髂总静
脉
Inferior vena cava and its tributaries
Hepatic portal v.
The Lymphatic System
Heart
Artery
Capillaries
Vein
Cell Tissue fluid Lymphatic capillary Lymphatic vessel
Lymphatic node
Lymphatic trunk
Lymphatic duct
Composition Lymphatic vessel
Lymphatic capillary Lymphatic vessels: two
sets, superficial and deep Lymphatic trunks: nine Lymphatic ducts:
thoracic duct, right lymphatic duck
Lymphatic organ Lymphatic nodes Tonsil, spleen, thymus
Lymphatic tissue
Lymphatic capillary
Lymphatic node
Afferent vessels
Afferent vessels
Thoracic duct
Right lymphatic duck
Lymphatic vessels
Introduction of the nervous system
山东大学医学院 解剖教研室
李振华
The Nervous System --Divisions Central nervous system (CNS) 1. Brain (脑) 2. Spinal cord (脊髓) Peripheral nervous system (PN
S) 1. Cranial n. (脑神经 12 pairs) 2. Spinal n. ( 脊神经 31 pairs) 3. Visceral n. (内脏神经)
Visceral sensory n. Visceral motor n.
Sympathetic part (交感神经) Parasympathetic part (副交感神经)
The Cranial Nerves 脑神经 Ⅰ Olfactory nerve 嗅神经 Ⅱ Optic nerve 视神经 Ⅲ Oculomotor nerve 动眼神经 Ⅳ Trochlear nerve 滑车神经 Ⅴ Trigeminal nerve 三叉神经 Ⅵ Abducent nerve 展神经 Ⅶ Facial nerve 面神经 Ⅷ Vestibulocochlear nerve 前
庭蜗神经 Ⅸ Glossopharyngeal nerve 舌
咽神经 Ⅹ Vagus nerve 迷走神经 Ⅺ Accessory nerve 副神经 Ⅻ Hypoglossal nerve 舌
下神经
31 pairs spinal nerves: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 s
acral, and 1 coccygeal nerve. Formation: each spinal nerve is for
med by union of anterior and posterior roots at intervertebral foramen
1.The anterior root Contains motor fibers for skeletal m
uscles. Those from T1 to L2 contain sympathetic fibers; S2 to S4 also contain parasympathetic fibers.
2. The posterior root Contains sensory fibers whose cell
bodies are in the spinal ganglion.
General description
Functional components1. Somatic efferent nerve fibers 躯体传出纤维 (SE): fibers that transmit motor i
mpulses from spinal cord to skeletal muscles.2. Visceral efferent nerve fibers 内脏传出纤维 (VE): fibers that transmit motor i
mpulses from spinal cord to smooth muscles, cardiac muscle and glands.3. Somatic afferent nerve fibers 躯体传入纤维 (SA): fibers that transmit exteroc
eptive and proprioceptive impulses from body to spinal cord 4. Visceral afferent nerve fibers 内脏传入纤维 (VA): fibers that transmit interoc
eptive impulses from the viscera to spinal cord
Branches of spinal nerves1. Anterior branch 前支 : largest , innervates anterolateral body wall and
limbs , the great nerve plexus, e.g. the cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral, are formed by anterior rami
2. Posterior branch 后支 : innervates the back of the trunk3. Communicating branch 交通支 : connect the spinal nerve to the symp
athetic trunk4. Meningeal branch 脊膜支 : re-enters vertebral canal through interverte
bral foramen to dura mater
Cervical plexus 颈丛 Formation: formed by ante
rior rami of C1-C4 spinal nerves
Position: lies in front of the origin of levator scapulae and scalenus medius and deep to the superior part of the sternocleidomastoid
Brachial plexus 臂丛 Formation:
Formed by anterior rami of C5-C8 and T1 spinal nerves
Position:
Passes through the scalene fissure to posterosuperior of subclavian artery, then enters the axilla to form three cords
Anterior branches of thoracic nerves Intercostal nerves 肋间神经 (an
terior rami of T1- T11) Subcostal nerve 肋下神经 (ant
erior ramus of T12) Distribution: distributed to inter
costales and anterolateral abdominal muscles, skin of thoracic and abdominal wall, parietal pleura and peritoneum
Lumbar plexus 腰丛 Formation: formed by anteri
or rami of L1-L3, a part of anterior rami of T12and L4
Position: lies within substance of psoas major
Branches Iliohypogastric n. 髂腹下神经 Ilioinguinal n. 髂腹股沟神经 Lateral femoral cutaneous n.
股外侧皮神经 Femoral n. 股神经 Obturator n. 闭孔神经 Genitofemoral n. 生殖股神经
Sacral plexus 骶丛 Formation: formed by anterior r
ami of L4 and L5 spinal nerves (the lumbrosacral trunk) and anterior rami of sacral and coccygeal nerves
Position: lies in pelvic cavity, anterior to sacrum and piriformis