android technology

ANDROID TECHNOLOGY

SUBMITTED TO:

PROF.MS.LEKHA MA’aMBY:

SAURABH A.CHAUHANPSM / ROLL NO.04

SUBMITTED TO:

PROF.MS.LEKHA MA’aMBY:

SAURABH A.CHAUHANPSM / ROLL NO.04

INTRODUCTION

ANDROID IS A LINUX-BASED OPERATING SYSTEM

DEVELOPED BY GOOGLE IN CONJUNCTION WITH

THE OPEN HANDSET ALLIANCE.

IT IS A SOFTWARE STACK FOR MOBILE DEVICES

THAT INCLUDES AN OPERATING SYSTEM,

MIDDLEWARE AND KEY APPLICATIONS.

INDIAN MARITIME UNIVERSITY

ANDROID, INC. WAS FOUNDED IN PALO ALTO,

CALIFORNIA, UNITED STATES IN OCTOBER 2003

BY ANDY RUBIN, RICH MINER, NICK SEARS, AND CHRIS

WHITE

RUBIN'S WORDS "...SMARTER MOBILE DEVICES THAT

ARE MORE AWARE OF ITS OWNER'S LOCATION AND

PREFERENCES”.INDIAN MARITIME UNIVERSITY

ANDREW E. RUBIN IS THE CO-

FOUNDER AND FORMER CEO

OF ANDROID INC.

RUBIN GREW UP

IN CHAPPAQUA, NEW YORK,

THE SON OF A PSYCHOLOGIST

CURRENTLY SENIOR VICE

PRESIDENT OF MOBILE AND

DIGITAL CONTENT AT GOOGLE.

RUBIN HAS SEVENTEEN

PATENTS FOR HIS INVENTIONS


VERSION HISTORY

THE VERSION HISTORY OF THE ANDROID OPERATING

SYSTEM BEGAN WITH THE RELEASE OF THE

ANDROID BETA IN NOVEMBER 2007.

THE FIRST COMMERCIAL VERSION, ANDROID 1.0, WAS

RELEASED IN SEPTEMBER 2008.

THE OPEN HANDSET ALLIANCE (OHA) IS A CONSORTIUM

OF 84 FIRMS, AND HAS SEEN A NUMBER OF UPDATES.

ESTABLISH ON 6TH NOVEMBER 2007 LED BY GOOGLE.


IN APRIL 2009, EACH ANDROID VERSION HAS BEEN

DEVELOPED UNDER A CODENAME BASED ON

A DESSERT OR SWEET TREAT.

THESE VERSIONS HAVE BEEN RELEASED IN

ALPHABETICAL ORDER :

CUPCAKE – APRIL 30, 2009

DONUT – SEPTEMBER 15, 2009

ÉCLAIR – OCTOBER 26, 2009

FROYO – MAY 20, 2010

GINGERBREAD – DECEMBER 06, 2010

HONEYCOMB – MAY 10, 2011

ICE CREAM SANDWICH – DECEMBER 16, 2011

JELLY BEAN - JULY 09, 2012


VERSIONS OF ANDROID

ANDROID 1.0 ASTRO:

oANDROID 1.0, THE FIRST COMMERCIAL VERSION OF

THE SOFTWARE, WAS RELEASED ON SEPTEMBER 23,

2008.

oROBOT-RELATED CODENAME, "ASTRO“

oNAME CANNOT BE USED BECAUSE OF TRADEMARK.INDIAN MARITIME UNIVERSITY

ANDROID 1.1 BENDER:

ON FEBRUARY 9, 2009, THE ANDROID 1.1

UPDATE WAS RELEASED, INITIALLY FOR

THE HTC DREAM ONLY.

LIKE 1.0, THIS RELEASE CONTINUED THE

ROBOT NAMING THEME, WITH "BENDER"

CHOSEN, BUT AGAIN THIS WAS USED

INTERNALLY ONLY.


ANDROID 1.5 CUPCAKE

ON APRIL 30, 2009, THE ANDROID 1.5 UPDATE WAS

RELEASED, BASED ON LINUX KERNEL 2.6.27.

FIRST RELEASE TO USE A NAME BASED ON A DESSERT

("CUPCAKE"), A THEME WHICH WOULD BE USED FOR

ALL RELEASES HENCEFORTH. THE UPDATE INCLUDED

SEVERAL NEW FEATURES AND UI AMENDMENTS.


ANDROID 1.6 DONUT

ON SEPTEMBER 15, 2009, THE ANDROID 1.6 SDK –

DUBBED DONUT – WAS RELEASED, BASED ON

LINUX KERNEL 2.6.29


ANDROID 2.0/2.1 ECLAIR

ON OCTOBER 26, 2009, THE ANDROID 2.0 SDK

– CODENAMED ECLAIR – WAS RELEASED,

BASED ON LINUX KERNEL 2.6.29


ANDROID 2.2.X FROYO

• ON MAY 20, 2010, THE ANDROID 2.2 (FROYO) SDK

WAS RELEASED, BASED ON LINUX KERNEL 2.6.32.

• GOOGLE'S NEXUS ONE WAS THE FIRST SMART

PHONE TO RECEIVE ANDROID 2.2 FROYO


ANDROID 2.3.X GINGERBREAD

ON DECEMBER 6, 2010, THE ANDROID 2.3

(GINGERBREAD) SDK WAS RELEASED, BASED

ON LINUX KERNEL 2.6.35


ANDROID 3.0 HONEYCOMB

ANDROID 3.0 IS A NEW VERSION - SPECIFICALLY OPTIMIZED

FOR DEVICES WITH LARGER SCREEN SIZES, PARTICULARLY

TABLETS.

A NEW "HOLOGRAPHIC" USER INTERFACE AND INTERACTION

MODEL -- WHAT WE'VE SEEN ON THE MOTOROLA XOOM.

HIGH-PERFORMANCE 2D AND 3D GRAPHICS.


ANDROID 4.0X ICE CREAM SANDWICH

THE SDK FOR ANDROID 4.0.1 (ICE CREAM SANDWICH),

BASED ON LINUX KERNEL 3.0.1, WAS PUBLICLY RELEASED

ON OCTOBER 19, 2011.

GOOGLE'S GABE COHEN STATED THAT ANDROID 4.0 WAS

"THEORETICALLY COMPATIBLE" WITH ANY ANDROID 2.3.X

DEVICE IN PRODUCTION AT THAT TIME.


ANDROID 4.1x JELLY BEAN

ON JUNE 27, 2012, AT THE GOOGLE CONFERENCE,

GOOGLE ANNOUNCED ANDROID 4.1 (JELLY BEAN). BASED

ON LINUX KERNEL 3.1.10.

JELLY BEAN IS AN INCREMENTAL UPDATE WITH THE

PRIMARY AIM OF IMPROVING THE USER INTERFACE, BOTH

IN TERMS OF FUNCTIONALITY AND PERFORMANCE.


ANDROID 4.4 KIT KAT

KIT KAT IS THE UPCOMING VERSION IN ANDROID WHICH

WAS CONFORMED BY SUNDAR PICHAI HEAD OF BOTH

ANDROID AND CHROME.

KIT KAT, IS THE TRADEMARKED NAME OF THE CHOCOLATE

CANDY BAR MADE BY NESTLE.

THIS VERSION GOT TRI-CORE PROCESSOR.

IT IS A CLOUD BASED.

EDGE TO EDGE DISPLAY

COMPATIBLE WITH MOST OF THE SMART

PHONES.


ANDROID 4.4 KIT KAT FEATURES

FULL EMPHASIS ON BATTERY, PERFORMANCE AND

SECURITY FEATURES.

POSSIBLE TRI-CORE CPU SUPPORT JUST LIKE

KITKAT'S WAFER DESIGN.

THE CLOUD FOR UNBELIEVABLE TASTE SENSATION.

WIDER GLOBAL COVERAGE SO YOU CAN TAKE IT

LITERALLY ANYWHERE AND MORE FEATURES.


MINIMUM MOBILE SPECIFICATION FOR ANDROID

CPU TYPICALLY RUNS 500-600 MHZ

RAM AVAILABLE TO AN APP MAY ONLY BE A FEW MEGABYTES

LIFECYCLE - APPS MUST PAUSE/QUIT OFTEN, AND RESTORE

TO GIVE THE ILLUSION THAT THEY ARE ALWAYS RUNNING

UI DESIGN

TYPICAL SCREEN MAY BE HVGA (320X480)

MAY BE IN PORTRAIT OR LANDSCAPE

VERY HIGH DPI - SMALL TEXT MAY NOT BE READABLE

TOUCH RESOLUTION IS VERY LOW (~25 PIXEL)


MERITS

HIGHLY CUSTOMIZABLE

SERVICES CAN RUN IN THE BACKGROUND

NOTIFICATIONS LET YOU KNOW OF

BACKGROUND EVENTS

MULTITASKING

WIDGET

EASY ACCESS TO THOUSANDS OF

APPLICATIONS VIA THE GOOGLE ANDROID APP

MARKET


DEMERITS

ADVERTISING

CONTINUOUS INTERNET CONNECTION


ANDROID MARKET

REVENUE WILL REACH AN ESTIMATED $6.8 BILLION

BY THE END OF THIS YEAR.

THE REVENUE IS ALMOST THE DOUBLE OF ITS 2012

REVENUE.

HIGHER SALES OF SMARTPHONES WITH THE

ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEM.

THE REVENUE GAP BETWEEN THE IOS AND ANDROID

IS CLOSING DAY BY DAY.

PLAY STORE HAS REACHED 48 BILLION APP

INSTALLS .


IOS VS ANDROID STATISTICS

GOOGLE PLAY PASSED THE IOS MARKET IN APP

DOWNLOAD VOLUME BY 10%.

APPLE APP STORE LEADS THE GOOGLE PLAY BY

NEARLY 130 PERCENT WHEN IT COMES TO REVENUES.

GOOGLE COULD GENERATE $500 MILLION IN PLAY

STORE PROFITS IN 2014.

GOOGLE IS TALKING TO SOUTH KOREAN CARRIERS TO

INCREASE PLAY STORE REVENUE.

RATIO BETWEEN THE ANDROID & IOS DEVICES HAS

COME UP TO 3:1.


QUERIES


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