ANDROID

Presented by

JAASIR NAZIR WANI

132262601006

AN OPEN PLATFORM FOR MOBILE DEVELOPMENT

TOPICS Introduction History Features Android Devices Android Versions Android Architecture

INTRODUCTION Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes

an operating system, middleware and key applications. Based on the Linux kernel; Developed by Google and later the Open Handset

Alliance(OHA) Allows writing code in the Java and C/C++ language; Simply: Android is a combination of three components:

A free, open-source operating system for mobile devices An open-source development platform for creating mobile

applications Devices, particularly mobile phones, that run the Android operating

system and the applications

HISTORY Initially, Andy Rubin founded Android Incorporation in Palo

Alto, California, United States in October, 2003. In 17th August 2005, Google acquired android Incorporation.

Since then, it is in the subsidiary of Google Incorporation. The key employees of Android Incorporation are Andy

Rubin, Rich Miner, Chris White and Nick Sears.

OPEN HANDSET ALLIANCE(OHA) It's a consortium of 84 companies such as Google, Samsung,

AKM, Synaptic, KDDI, Garmin, Teleca, EBay, Intel etc. It was established on 5th November, 2007, led by Google. It is

committed to advance open standards, provide services and deploy handsets using the Android Platform.

This group of companies are allowed to use source code of Android and develop applications.

Reason for Nokia not to develop Android Mobiles is Nokia is not part of OHA.

OPEN HANDSET ALLIANCE(OHA)

FEATURES It is open-source. Anyone can customize the Android Platform. Android is a multi-process system, in which each application

(and parts of the system) runs in its own process. Android supports wireless communication using:-

3G Networks 4G Networks 802.11 Wi-Fi Networks Bluetooth Connectivity

User gets millions of applications that user can not get in any other mobile operating system.

Android supports advanced audio/video/still media formats such as MPEG-4, MP3, MP4, and AAC, AMR, JPEG, PNG, GIF.

Developing an android application is not tough using SDK(standard development kit) and java emulator we can easily develop applications that we want.

TYPES OF ANDROID DEVICES

Galaxy Note 3

Galaxy Tablet

Android-Powered Microwave

Android-Powered Watch

Android-Powered Camera

Android-Powered TV

Android-Powered Car Radio

Android-Powered Washing Machine

ANDROID VERSIONS, CODENAMES, API

BRIEF DESCRIPTION Android Beta

First Version of Android. The focus of Android beta is on testing incorporating usability. Android beta will generally have many more problems on speed

and performance.

Android Aestro and Blender First full version of android. Released on September 23, 2008. Wi-Fi and Bluetooth support. Quite slow in operating. Copy and paste feature in the web browser is not present.

Android Cupcake 1.5 Released on April 30, 2009. Added auto-rotation option. Copy and Paste feature added in the web browser. Increased speed and performance but not up to required level

Android Donut 1.6 Released on September 15, 2009. Voice search and Search box were added. Faster OS boot times and fast web browsing experience. Typing is quite slower.

Android Éclair 2.0/2.1 Released on October 26, 2009. Bluetooth 2.1 support. Improved typing speed on virtual keyboard, with smarter dictionary. no Adobe flash media support.

Android Froyo 2.2 Released on  May 20, 2010. Support for Adobe Flash 10.1 Improved Application launcher with better browser No internet calling.

Android Gingerbread 2.3 Released on  December 6, 2010. Updated User Interface with high efficiency and speed Internet calling One touch word selection and copy/paste. New keyboard for faster word input. More successful version of Android than previous versions. not supports multi-core processors.

Android Honeycomb 3.0 Released on February 22, 2011. Support for multi-core processors Ability to encrypt all user data. This version of android is only available for tablets.

Android IceCreamSandwich(ICS) 4.0 Released on November 14, 2011. Virtual button in the UI. A new typeface family for the UI, Roboto. Ability to shut down apps that are using data in the background.

Android JellyBean 4.1 Released on June 27, 2012. Restricted profiles Smoother user interface. Bluetooth smart ready Multi language support

LATEST VERSION KIT-KAT  New version released on 31 October 2013

called Android 4.4 KitKat. It was long-rumoured that the follow up to Jelly

Bean would be “Key Lime Pie”, however in a deal with Nestle, Google named Android 4.4 after the Kitkat chocolate biscuit.

FEATURES “OK Google”

You don’t need to touch the screen to get things done. When on your home screen* or in Google Now, just say “Ok Google” to launch voice search, send a text, get directions or even play a song

Full-screen immersion Kitkat hides the status bar and menu bar when in full screen

mode

Print wherever, whenever Bluetooth MAP support

Android now supports the Message Access Profile (MAP) so Bluetooth-enabled cars can exchange messages with your devices.

Faster multitasking The future is calling Newly redesigned Quickoffice.

ANDROID ARCHITECTURE

ARCHITECTURE PART 1/5

Android provides a set of core applications: Email Client SMS Program Calendar Maps Browser Contacts Etc

All applications are written using the Java language.

ARCHITECTURE PART 2/5

Enabling and simplifying the reuse of components Developers have full access to the same

framework APIs used by the core applications. Users are allowed to replace components.

ARCHITECTURE PART 2/5

Features

ARCHITECTURE PART 3/5

Libc: c standard lib. SSL: Secure Socket Layer SGL: 2D image engine OpenGL|ES: 3D image engine Media Framework: Core part of Android multi-media SQLite: Embedded database WebKit: Kernel of web browser FreeType: Bitmap and Vector SufraceManager: Manage difference windows for different

applications

Including a set of C/C++ libraries used by components of the Android system

Exposed to developers through the Android application framework

ARCHITECTURE PART 4/5

Core LibrariesProviding most of the functionality available

in the core libraries of the Java languageAPIs

Data StructuresUtilitiesFile AccessNetwork AccessGraphics, etc.

ARCHITECTURE PART 4/5 Dalvik Virtual Machine

Providing environment on which every Android application runs Each Android application runs in its own process, with

its own instance of the Dalvik VM. Dalvik has been written such that a device can run

multiple VMs efficiently. Register-based virtual machine Executing the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format

.dex format is optimized for minimal memory footprint.

Compilation

Relying on the Linux Kernel for: Threading Low-level memory management

ARCHITECTURE PART 5/5

Relying on Linux Kernel 2.6 for core system services

Memory and Process Management

Network Stack

Driver Model

Security

Providing an abstraction layer between the H/W and the rest of the S/W stack

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