ANCIENT GREEK AND ROMAN ART

ANCIENT GREEK AND ROMAN ARTPrepared by: Zharmina De Paz

GREEK SCULPTURES

Greek Art is divided into three(3) periods namely: Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic.ARCHAIC

Carvings in stone.Free-standing figures share the solidity and frontal stance of Eastern models.Often depicted with the Archaic Smile and accurate comprehension of human anatomy.Shows three(3) types: the standing nude youth (Kouros), Standing draped girl (Kore), and the seated woman.

The Kore (Left) often used for Goddesses like Artemis and is draped because female nudity is not allowed not until 4th century BC.Molded from terracotta clay.

CLASSICALZeus of Artemison, Bronze Sculpture (Left).Poses became more naturalistic.At 500BC statues started to depict real people. Often used to overthrow tyranny.Also has wider uses: relief sculpture for decorative friezes, and sculpture in the round to fill the triangular fields of the pediments.Funeral Statuary also evolved in this time depicting highly personal family groups.

The statues of Harmodius and Aristogeiton (Upper Left). Funeral Statuary Grave Marker (Above) and Sculpted friezes (Lower Left)

HELLENISTICThe transition from Classical to Hellenistic happened during the 4th century BC, where it became diversified from Greco-Bactrians, Greco-Buddhist to Indo-Greeks as it spread due to Alexander the Greats Conquests.Acceptable subjects became common people, women, children, animals, and domestic scenes.Often used for adornment of homes and gardens

The Winged Victory of Samothrace, Marble Sculpture . Also called Nike of Samothrace.

Pergamon Altar showing the battle between the Giants and the Olympian Gods (Above).Statue of Aphrodite (Right)Galatea (Ivory), Pygmalion and Eros

METAL ART

GREEK PAINTINGS

There are (6) types of Greek painting depending on the type or surface and object painted as canvas namely: Panel painting, wall painting, polychromy, architecture,, sculpture, and vase painting or pottery painting.PANEL PAINTINGPanel paintings were individual, mobile paintings on wooden boards called Pitsa panels.Techniques used were encaustic (wax) painting and tempera.Classical to Hellenistic, depiction of portraits and still-lifes and figural scenes.Perishable in nature.

WALL PAINTINGTraditional wall painting started during the Minoan and Mycenaean Bronze Age but produced widely produced during the classical and Hellenistic periods.Lavish fresco decorations.Often used as tomb decorations like those of Grave of Philipp and Tomb of Persephone.Sometimes depict hoplite combat (Upper Left)

Polychromy and Architecture PaintingPolychrome is the practice of decorating architectural elements, sculpture, etc. in a variety of colors. Mostly for reconstruction and already faded.Painted temples during the Archaic period are used to enhance the visual aspects of architecture.Colored friezes of Parthenon (Lower Right), reconstructed color scheme of the entablature on a Doric temple (upper right)

SCULPTURE PAINTINGWoman with Blue gilt garment (Left).Most Greek sculptures were painted in strong, bright colors depicting clothing, hair, etc.Polychromy of stone statues was paralleled by the use of different materials to distinguish skin, clothing and other details and by the use of different metals to depict lips, fingernails, etc. on high-quality bronzes like.

The Riace Bronzes (Far Right) and the Chryselephantine sculpture (Upper Right) made with Gold and fire-blackened Ivory in Delphi

VASE PAINTING / POTTERYMost copious evidence of ancient Greek painting.Dark Age Protogeometric Jar consists of concentric circles, and patterns of straight and zigzag lines. (Below)

HELLENISTIC RED-FIGURE JARReversed Black-figure technique: orange silhouetteswere formed by painting around them in black, allowing interior details to be paintedrather than incised.

ARCHAIC AGE

GEOMETRIC JARvariety ofpatterns, such as checkers, repeated shapes, and meanders. (Ameanderis a pattern formed by a single continuous line)

PROTOATTIC JARTwo types: The bold and lavishprotoatticstyle of Athens, well-suited to large jars, essentially takes the geometric style and adds large figures. AND protocorinthianstyle of Corinth, features small figures and light geometric elements (e.g. rosettes), making it perfect for smaller vessels.

BLACK-FIGURE JARthesilhouettesof figures are painted in solid black (typically on a vibrant orange background); details are then added bycutting linesinto the silhouettes.beginning ofnarrativescenes in Greek pottery decoration

ANCIENT GREEK ARCHITECTUREderived from Mycenaean

PROPYLON-Professional Gateway Agora Public Square/Market Place

STOA LONG COLONNADEEPIDAURUS OPEN THEATER

Mausoleum Monumental Building for the dead

Bouleuterion town council building

PARTHENON Athenas temple during the Classical Period. Means unmarried womens apartments/maiden. HIPPODROME- Stadium for horses

CLASSICAL ORDERS

OTHER PROMINENT BUILDINGS

OLYMPIEION OR THE TEMPLE OF ZEUSERECHTHEION

ROMAN SCULPTURES

Influenced by Greeks and the EtruscansMood is often serious, solemn and unsmiling.BUSTSRoman portraiturewas one of the most significant periods in the development ofhigh quality of portraitart.Most popular type of sculpture of Romans.Sculpture of the head up to the shoulders or until the breast.Mostly placed at the atrium of their homes, a way to show off their lineageJuno, Claudius(Next in reign from Caligula), Augustus & Antonius

EQUESTRIAN STATUE"equestrian statue" describes astatueof a rider mounted on a horse.If the horse is riderless, the sculpture is usually called an "equine statue".It derives from the Latin word "equus" (meaning "horse") from which we get "eques" ("knight")

NARRATIVE STATUESDivided into two categories: the Bas Reliefs (3D Sculpture) and the Statues (4D Sculpture)Often depicting historical events or even events which are personal. Often seen in tombs.Romulus and Remus (Left), 12 labors of Hercules in a sarcophagus

TRAJANS COLUMNA Roman triumphal column inRome,Italy, that commemoratesRoman emperorTrajan's victory in theDacian Wars.constructed under the supervision of the architectApollodorus of Damascus. a bas relief that describes the epic wars between the Romans and Dacians(101102 and 105106)

FULL-BODY STATUESThese statues are often copied statues with their own roman representation, depending on the type of material used or the form.Often depicts gods and goddesses, emperors, etc.Marble statue of Discus-thrower (Left), Lady Justice Statue (Far Left)

ROMAN PAINTINGS

WALL PAINTING (Frescoes)Paintings on plaster and painted with tempera, and/or beeswax or just water and pigment, a technique obtained from the Greeks.Some are on wood, ivory, and other materials.

LINEAR PERSPECTIVE PAINTINGSGeneral characteristic of ancient Roman paintings. It shows images that are painted as directly seen by the eye.Often depicts narrative and traditional events.Consummation of an empire (Right), Trojan War wall painting (Upper Right)

STILL-LIFES/ OBJECT PAINTINGThough most painting are still done on walls, Roman also started painting still-lifes which the Greeks show of little interest.Paintings show objects like the Fruit bowl (Lower left) and some are sceneries like those of Pompeii, Italy (Upper Left)

ROMAN ARCHITECTURE

FORUM TOWN CENTER BASILICA town council building/ Congress/ Government Center

COLOSSEUM also called FLAVIAN AMPITHEATER. Biggest amphitheater. A place for Gladiator fights.CIRCUS MAXIMUS Stadium for chariot racing

DOMUS Roman Mansion INSULAE tenement housing

THERMAE AND BALNAE Public bath house, provided with cold bath (Frigidarium), warm bath (Tepidarium), Warm (Caldarium), Dressing Room (Apodyteria), Sweat room (Laconicum) and Oils and perfumes room (unctuaria)HOUSE OF VESTAL VIRGINS temple of Vesta, the Roman goddess of hearth and home, counterpart of Hestia.

PANTHEONPantheon means every god (the 12 gods)Constructed with mostly granite and marble.Oculus to represent (Eye of God)

EPHESUS It is once an ancient Greek city, conquered by Romans and stated as Capital city.The remains contains whats left of the temple of Artemis and some baths (Thermae) AQUEDUCTS- carries water from distant sources into their cities, towns supplying public baths, latrines, fountains, etc.

ARCH one of the greatest engineering inventions of RomansARCADE or VAULT interconnectedarches

CLASSICAL ORDERS

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