Ancient Greece – Science, Politics, Philosophy and

Religion

Greek Science

Found a way to Organized Geometrymeasure circumference into one set of books.of the earth.

Proved that the earth revolves around the sun.

Eratosthenes Euclid

Aristarchus

Greek Science and Olympics

The Greeks developed the Olympics.

They Greek Olympics were held every four years.

Only men could participate.

They included events like a race, a javelin throw, and discus throw.

Their scientists studied the best way to perform sports.

Olympics Today

• Today we participate in the Olympics every 4 years.

• Both men and women compete.

• There are hundreds of events, but they still include races, the javelin throw and the discus throw.

Greek ScienceUse the diagrams under “Greek Astronomy” on

page 228 and answer the following.

_____1. According to Ptolemy, where is the sun located?a. In the centerb. Between Venus and Marsc. Next to Jupiter

_____2. Which of the 3 theories was most accurate (correct)?a. Eratosthenes’ b. Aristarchus’c. Ptolemy’s

_____3. What is circumference?a. Distance between planetsb. Distance around the earthc. Distance between the sun and the earth

_____4. Which is true?a. Our solar system is part of the universeb. The sun is the center of the universe

_____5. What was the focus of Aristarchus’ astronomy?a. The earthb. The sun c. The universe

_____1. In the past, what event was held in Olympia?a. The Olympics b. The Hundreds c. The Architects

_____2. Who could compete in the early Olympics?b. Men b. Women c. Both men and women

_____3. Ancient Greeks strived for the ideal in what area?c. Architecture only b. Art only c. All areas of life

_____4. Why were columns important in architecture?d. They lend a sense of authority to the buildinge. They provided a row of protection for the buildingf. They made the building bigger

_____5. Which word does NOT describe Greek architecture?g. Geometry b. Ideal c. Photography

_____6. How many qualified jurors were required for a trial?h. As many as 6,000 b. As many as 500 c. As many as 12

_____7. Jurors were selected by using rows of what?i. Marble plates b. Stone plates c. Metal plates

_____8. In the United States, who makes up a jury pool?j. Adult citizens b. All adults c. All males

_____9. How many people usually make up a jury pool?k. 6-12 b. Less than 6 c. More than 12

____10. What do the jury systems of Ancient Greece and America have in common?l. Number of jurors required m. Type of selection process usedn. That jurors are paid

Greek Influences TodayRead pages 230-231 and answer the following.

Political terms• Parts of Greece were a

democracy a type of government where people vote.

• Most of Greece was a monarchy a type of government ruled by a king or queen.

• Sparta was an oligarchy, government ruled by a few. They had 2 kings.

Politics: The first democracy• Athens was a direct

democracy where people vote on everything.

• All male citizens were allowed to participate in anything that required a government decision.

Democracy Today

Today in America we have a Representative Democracy

We vote for people to make decisions for us.

Greek Philosophy

• Greeks developed

study of basic truths.philosophy

Greek Philosophers

Forced people to think by asking question after question. Now called the Socratic Method.

Socrates’ student. Started a school called the Academy. Forced people to think by writing dialogues – conversations.

Plato’s student. Started a school called the Lyceum. Tutored Alexander the Great.

Plato

Aristotle

Socrates

_____1. How long did Socrates live?a. 99 years b. 71 years c. 40 years

_____2. What won him many followers?a. His wealth b. His appearance c. His intelligence

_____3. Socrates claimed he knew a great deal about things. a. True b. False

_____4. People were always happy with Socrates’ teachings?a. True b. False

_____5. Where did Socrates live?a. Athens b. Socrate c. Clouds

_____6. Socially, Socrates was _____.a. Famous b. Wealthy c. A King

_____7. Socrates was well groomed.a. True b. False

_____8. “Clouds” is ___.a. A comedy about Socrates b. A tragedy about Socrates c. A novel about Socrates _____9. Socrates felt he was smarter than everyone else he knew.a. True b. False

_____10. People followed Socrates because he was a. Smart b. Charismatic c. Wealthy d. A&B e. B & C

SocratesRead “History Makers” on page 227 and

answer the questions to the left.

Greek religion was polytheistic - they worshiped many gods.

Greek Gods

• There were many Greek gods. Some were:Zeus – Ruler of the godsHera – the wife of ZeusAthena – goddess of wisdom

The Story of Medusa and Athena

Greek Inventions

• The Greeks invented dice.

• The Greeks invented the crane.

Greek Military• Some Greeks were obsessed

with war.

• Boys were sent to military school at a young age.

• Boys born deformed were left to die on mountainsides

Greek Military - Soldiers• A hoplite was a Greek

infantry soldier.

• Hoplites were middle-class freemen who had to pay for their own weapon and shield.

Greek Military - Inventions• The Greeks invented the

catapult.• It could throw 300 pound

stones at walls and buildings

• The Greeks used the Flamethrower!

Greek TimelineUse the timeline to the left to answer these questions.

____1. Which happened last?a. The Trojan Warb. The first Olympicsc. The Crucifixion of Jesus_____2. What two things happened in the same year?d. Alexander dies and The Hellenistic Period startse. Aristotle is born and Plato founds the Academyf. Euripides and Sophocles write their first tragedies_____3. Which happened first?g. Greek coins were introducedh. Bubonic Plague in Athensi. The Greek alphabet was developed_____4. Who led the Greek/Persian wars?j. Draco b. Xerxes c. Phillip II_____5. Where did Alexander build the great library?k. Athens b. Egypt c. Rhodes_____6. When was the Byzantine Empire formed?a. 286BC b. 286AD c. 267AD _____7. Where did Alexander the Great die?l. Helen b. Alexandria c. Babylon_____8. Which came first?m. Dark Ages b. Bronze Age c. Classical Period_____9. How did Socrates die?n. Natural causes b. In battle c. Executed_____10. Who was born last?a. Aristotle b. Alexander the Great c. Jesus

2900 BC 2900-2000 BC: The Bronze Age when Early Aegean cultures start to emerge1200 BC The Trojan War and the destruction of Troy (Ilium)1050 BC 1050-750 BC: The Dark Ages of Greece and the fall of the Mycenean culture850 BC 850 - 700 BC: Development of the first Greek Alphabet776 BC The First Olympic Games are staged750 BC 750 -700 BC: Homer writes the Iliad and the Odyssey730 BC 730-710 BC - the First Messenian War and the Spartans conquer southwest

Peloponnesia621 BC Draco's code of law is introduced600 BC Greek Coin currency introduced 500 BC 500-323 BC - The Greek Classical Period505 BC Cleisthenes introduces democracy in Athens490 BC Greek / Persian Wars led by Xerxes468 BC Sophocles writes his first tragedy461 BC 461-446 BC: The Peloponnesian Wars begins between Sparta and Athens449 BC 449 -432: Construction of the Parthenon and the Acropolis in Athens441 BC Euripides writes his first tragedy443 BC 443 - 429 BC Pericles leads Athens430 BC Outbreak of Bubonic Plague in Athens431 BC Second of the Peloponnesian Wars between Sparta and Athens420 BC 420 - 410: Construction of Temple of Athena Nike399 BC Socrates is executed for his opposition to the Thirty Tyrants386 BC Plato founds the Academy384 BC Aristotle is born359 BC Philip II becomes the king of the Greeks356 BC Alexander the Great, son of King Philip II, is born333 BC Alexander the Great defeats the Persians at Issus and is given Egypt by the Persian

Satrap where he builds a capital at Alexandria and founds the great library

323 BC Alexander the Great dies at Babylon323 BC 323 -31 BC: The Hellenistic Period224 BC Earthquake destroys the Colossus of Rhodes200 BC 200 - 196 BC: First Roman victory over Greece197 BC King Philip V of Greece loses to Roman forces at Kynoskephalai86 BC The Roman General Sulla captures Athens33 AD Crucifixion of Jesus and the origin of Christianity267 AD The Goths sack Athens, Sparta, and Corinth286 AD The Roman Emperor Diocletian divides the Roman empire in two forming modern

Greece (the Byzantine Empire)

641 AD The Slavs overrun Greece