ancient greece 3000 bce – 400 bce. phoenicians invented the alphabet spread civilization (easier...

34
ANCIENT GREECE 3000 BCE – 400 BCE

Upload: owen-joseph

Post on 02-Jan-2016

216 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

ANCIENT GREECE3000 BCE – 400 BCE

Phoenicians • Invented the alphabet• Spread civilization (easier ways of living)• Controlled the Mediterranean sea (they had the most $ and influence)

Timeline

Minoans

3500 BCE

End of Greek Empire

200 BCE

Timeline

Minoans

I3500 BCE

End of Greek Empire

I 200 BCE

500 BCE

IStart of Roman Empire

Jesus Of Nazareth Born

I

(year 0) 4 BCE

Roman Empire Ends

I

476 CE

November 2012

IYou are sitting in class

1215

I

Magna Carta signed

GREEK EMPIRE

ROMAN EMPIRE

Greek Geography• Water isolated people so they had different customs and

beliefs

• Sea was a means of transportation and a source of food

• Mountains made it difficult to grow crops

City-StatesThe ancient Greeks referred to themselves as citizens of their individual city-states. Each city-state (polis) had its own personality, goals, laws and customs. Ancient Greeks were very loyal to their city-state.   If you asked an ancient Greek where he was from, he would not say, "I live in Greece."  If he was from Sparta, he would say, "I am a Spartan." If he lived in Athens, he would say, "I am Athenian." 

And so it went. The city-states might band together to fight a common foe. They also went to war with each other. Greece was not yet one country. 

City-States

GovernmentAncient Greece was a collection of Greek city-states. Because Greece was not yet one country, there was no central government in ancient Greece. 

Each city-state had its own form of government. Some city-states, like Corinth, were ruled by kings. Some, like Sparta, were ruled by a small group of men. Others, like Athens, experimented with new forms of government like democracy.  Sometimes these city-states cooperated, sometimes they fought each other.

Democracy - Athens

GREEKS INVENTED DEMOCRA

CYOnly

citizens could vote

COULD NOT VOTE:

• Women• Slaves• Men with

parents who were

not citizens

Religion in Greece

GREEK

MYTHOLOG

Y

• Greeks worshipped 12 Gods and Goddesses

• Zeus, King of the Gods, ruled from Mount Olympus

• Each city-state built temples to each God

• Olympics every 4 years to honor Zeus

Religion in GreeceGREEK

MYTHOLOG

Y Greeks honored their gods through Oracles (sacred sites where a god or goddess was consulted)

Greeks asked the oracles for advice or prediction about the future.

The Golden Age

• Sculpture• Architecture• Science• Philosophy• Dramatic and Comedic

plays

Sculpture and ArchitecturePericles idea to rebuild the city of

Athens after it had been destroyed by war.

At the center was the Acropolis, and at its center was the Parthenon

Three important characteristics:• Full of action• Figures show balance and order• Figures are lifelike and accurate

All about perfection and balance

The Golden Age

• Sculpture• Architecture• Science• Philosophy• Dramatic and Comedic

plays

Science• Water is basic material of the

world (he was right!)

• Democritus thought that everything was made up of tiny particles called atoms (they are!)

Philosophy Philosophy is a system of beliefs or values

Philosophers believed that people could use the powers of the mind and reason to understand natural events(birth, love, hate, death, attraction, guilt, fear, etc. )

Philosopher’s try to answer the question, “Why are we here?”

Famous Greek Philosophers

PLATO SOCRATES ARISTOTLE

Discovery Channel Video

• Always asking questions about people’s belief systems

• Compared to a fly, or a bee

• His questions angered and/or frightened people of Athens

• Started a school called The Academy

• Brought to trial for dishonoring the Gods and sentenced to forced suicide. Forced to drink a cup of hemlock, a poison, and died in 399 BCE

SOCRATES

PLATO• One of Socrates

students

• Wrote The Republic. He said society should be made up of three groups: o Workerso Soldierso Philosopher-rulers

• Founded a school called The Academy

ARISTOTLE• Student of Plato’s

• Believed that reason should guide the pursuit of knowledge

A friend to all is a friend to none.

All human actions have one or more of these seven causes: chance, nature, compulsions, habit, reason, passion, desire.

All men by nature desire knowledge

Famous Greek Philosophers

Drama and ComedyTragedies• Type of serious drama that usually ends in disaster for

the main character.

• Chorus sings poems that tell the story: o give background informationo comment on the eventso praise the gods

• (Euripides, Aeschylus, and Sophocles were important authors of tragedies)

Drama and ComedyComedies:

• Made fun of well-known citizens and politicians.

• Made jokes about the customs of the day.

• Athens was an open, liberal society so they accepted these kinds of jokes.

• (Aristophanes is probably the best known Greek comic playwright.)

OLD SCHOOL

The Golden Age

• Sculpture• Architecture• Science• Philosophy• Dramatic and Comedic

plays

31

SPARTA!Like Athens but then they conquered the land around them

Helots: slaves or servants of SpartaThe helots did all of the farm work so the Spartan citizens could fight in wars Babies inspected by the government

A city devoted to war

Always put the cities need above your own

SPARTA!Males:Meant to be soldiersShould suffer pain, hardship and punishment in silence

Females:Allowed to own land and take part in business(they had more rights than women in Athens)

End of AthensPeloponnesian War a conflict between Athens and Sparta that lasted 27 years

Athenians defeated, surrendered in 404 BCE1. Plague (widespread disease)2. Sparta issues a blockade. They

isolated Athens and cut off their supplies.

Spread of Greek Culture