ancient greece · 2015-09-17 · minoans •developed on crete •traded olive oil and wine...

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Page 1: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Ancient Greece

Page 2: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Greek Geography & City States (polis) * Rocky and fertile soil, very mountainous

* Not good for growing grain, but great for grapes & olives

Page 3: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Trade & Patterns of Interaction

• Over time, the different city-states began to trade with one another.

• Geography didn’t leave much room for agriculture like the other river valleys, but they did have great natural harbors or ports!

• Eventually they began to trade with societies in the Aegean and Mediterranean seas as links to Europe, Asia, and Africa.

• These so called highways let to the spread of not only Greek goods but Greek ideas and values through the region and beyond.

Page 4: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,
Page 5: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Minoans

• Developed on Crete

• Traded olive oil and wine

• named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos

• Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor, and Syria with whom they traded for copper, tin, ivory, and gold

• Women played a powerful role in society

Page 6: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Crete: Minoan Civilization (Palace at Knossos)

Page 7: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Knossos: Minoan Civilization

Page 8: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

The Minoan World: mid-2M B.C.E.

Page 9: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Artist’s Recreation of Knossos

Page 10: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Minoan Culture - Religion

Minoan Priest Minoan Snake

Goddess

Page 11: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Bull Cult

Page 12: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Bull Jumping Fresco

Page 13: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

MinoanTrade

“Bireme” ship

Coast of Crete

Page 14: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Mycenaeans

Page 15: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Bronze Age Enemies: The Trojan War

Page 16: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Mycenaeans • Some considered them “thugs” of the Mediterranean.

• First traded with the Minoans,

but then overpowered them taking over

their palaces, goods, and trade routes.

• Fought a war with the City of

Troy around 1200 BCE that served as

the inspiration for Homer’s epics

the Iliad and the Odyssey.

Page 17: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Hollywood or History?

• The site of City of Troy has never been found

• Archeologist continue to excavate looking for the site

• Was this Homers fictional story or History?

Page 18: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Mask of Agammemnon

Page 19: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Plan of the City of Troy

Page 20: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Homer’s Great Epics

Page 21: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,
Page 22: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Greece and the larger world…

• As the Polis prospered they established trading centers along the shores of the Mediterranean and Black Seas.

• That brought them in contact with Persia and eventually Alexander

The Great conquest

*Results in commercial

and cultural exchange

From India to Egypt.

Page 23: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Trade and Conquest Brings War

• Darius and his Persian army invades Greece 490BCE

• Famous battle at Marathon where the outnumbered Athenians defeat the Persians

• Phidippides the runner, sent to tell of the Victory

• “Nike”

Page 24: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

The Marathon

• Ancient Olympics

• 1896—Spiridon Louis

• 1908—London Olympics

• WR-Patrick Makau from Kenya in 2:03:38 (4:43 Per Mile!)

Page 25: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Greek Religion

• Polytheistic

• Explained the unknown

• Olympics were developed to honor the Gods

• Greek Gods human failings

– Anger, took sides, got drunk, had petty arguments, promiscuous

Page 26: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Greek Religion

• It is MYTHOLOGY that is divided into:

– Titans

– Olympic gods

– Monsters

– Greek Heroes

– Find some famous examples of each

Page 27: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

300

• Xerxes marches on Greece, Battle of Thermopylae – 10 years later in 480BCE

• The Real story behind the Battle of 300

• Be able to describe what was Hollywood and what was History!

Page 28: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,
Page 29: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Pass of Thermopylae Today

Page 30: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Greek Society

• Patriarchal society-male family members headed households and help life/death power over their subordinate family members.

• Women could not own property, but might operate a small business

• Women enjoyed freedom to move freely in public places

• Only male citizens determined polis policy

Page 31: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Sparta

• Located in fertile region of Greece

• Relied on military power to control region

• Spartans forced Peloponnesian inhabitants to work as slaves called helots.

• Boys taken at age 7 for military training until 18. – Lived in Barracks away from family

– Girls were expected to do gymnastics to be physically strong and couldn’t marry until 19 unlike the rest of Greeks which was 14.

– Men could not live with wife until age 30

– Men were required to serve until age 60

Page 32: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Sparta

• Sparta was an agricultural and

highly militaristic city-state

In Sparta, they saw each other as a collective whole, not as individuals

Lived basic frugal lives

Lived highly disciplined lives

Page 33: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Athens

• Athens was a political, commercial, and cultural center of Greek civilization

• Draco and Solon, two Athenian politicians who worked to create the democracy to ensure fair, equal, and open participation.

• Citizens were only free adult males, not women, slaves, or foreigners.

Page 34: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

The Parthenon

Page 35: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Greek Culture

• Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle- believed that truth could be discerned through rational thought and deliberate and careful observation.

• The Greek drama (comedies and tragedies) of human nature and public officials…

• Sculptures of the ideal body (resemble Gods)

• Homer-epic poems (Iliad and The Odyssey) about the Trojan War

Page 36: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Great Athenian Philosophers $ Socrates

Know thyself!

question everything

only the pursuit of goodness brings happiness.

$ Plato The Academy

The world of the FORMS

The Republic philosopher-king

Page 37: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Great Athenian Philosophers

$ Aristotle

“Golden Mean” [everything in moderation].

Logic.

Scientific method.

Page 38: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Athens: The Arts & Sciences

$ DRAMA (tragedians): Aeschylus

Sophocles

Euripides

$ THE SCIENCES: Pythagoras

Democritus all matter made up of small atoms.

Hippocrates “Father of Medicine”

Page 39: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Phidias’ Acropolis

Page 40: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Golden “Age of Pericles”: 460 BCE – 429 BCE

Page 41: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Athens (The Golden Age) of Pericles

• Rebuilt after the destruction by the Persians

• Became the cultural powerhouse

• Democracy for all adult males became firmly established

• Philosophy and arts flourished

• Delian League was established with other city-states (an alliance against aggression from its common enemies, mostly Persia).

Page 42: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Conflict Amongst Greeks

• Athens dominates the Delian League with its intellect and powerful navy

• Sparta jealous of Athens developed its own unification of city-states call the Peloponnesian League.

• They eventually will go to war with one another (the Peloponnesian War in 431BCE) will fight for 30 years

• Sparta will win, but all city-states are weakened by this war and will soon be conquered by Phillip the II of Macedonia.

Page 43: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Peloponnesian War

Page 44: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Alexander the Great 330 BCE

• Great Macedonian King, son of Phillip II • Conquered the Persian Empire and then into India • Did all of this before he died at 33 years old! *Conquered land spread ideas and Culture *Taught by Aristotle

Page 45: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire

Page 46: Ancient Greece · 2015-09-17 · Minoans •Developed on Crete •Traded olive oil and wine •named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos •Had contact with Egypt, Asia Minor,

Hellenistic Era • The word, Hellenistic, is derived from the word, Hellene,

which was the Greek word for the Greeks. The Hellenistic age was the "age of the Greeks; during this time, Greek culture and power extended itself across the known world. While the classical age of Greece produced great literature, poetry, philosophy, drama, and art, the Hellenistic age "hellenized" the world.

• Mostly spread by Alexander. However, the Macedonians did more than control territory; they actively exported Greek culture: politics, law, literature, philosophy, religion, and art.

• This was a new idea, exporting culture, and more than anything else this exporting of culture would deeply influence all the civilizations and cultures that would later erupt from this soil: the Romans, the Christians, the Jewish, and Muslim.