Anatomy of Bones

From Head to toes to hands

Vocabulary Medial Lateral Anterior Posterior Superior Inferior Proximal Distal Dorsal/dorsum Palmar Plantar Condyle/epicondyle Fossa Process Tuberosity Styloid

Apophysis Diaphysis Epiphysis Medullary cavity Osteoblasts Osteoclasts Periosteum Endoosteum Articular

Cartilage/Hyaline Osteocytes Cancellous Bone Wolff’s Law

Function of Bone 1. Body support 2. Organ protection 3. Movement (through joints and

levers) 4. Calcium storage 5. Formation of blood cells

(hematopoesis)

Types of Bone Flat- skull, ribs, scapula Irregular- vertebral column, skull Short – wrist and ankle Long- humerus, ulna, radius, femur,

tibia, fibula, phalanges, metqacarpal/metatarsal

How the bone works You can see:

Diaphysis, epiphysis, articular cartilage, periosteum, medullary cavity, & endosteum

The end of bones have a layer of hyaline cartilage that provide a very smooth surface that protects and cushions blows to the joint.

Periosteum:Covers long bonesSharpey’s fibers connect the periosteum to

underlying boneMuscle/tendon fibers interlace the periosteum

Bone Growth

Bone ossification occurs by the synthesis of osteoblasts

Osteoblasts builds new bone on the outside of the bone

Same time osteoclsts increase the medullary cavity by breaking down bony tissue.

Osteogenesis occurs when there is a balance of bone formation and bone destruction

Bone Trauma Periostitis Bone fractures

Depressed fxGreenstick

fractureImpacted fractureLongitudinal

fractureSpiral fractureOblique fracture

Serrated fractureTransverse FxCommunited FxContrecoup FxBlowout FxAvulsion FxStress Fx.Epiphyseal Fx:

Salter-Harris Type I-V

Anatomy Of The Elbow/Wrist/Hand 1. Navicular (scaphoid) 2. Lunate 3. Triquetral 4. Pisiform 5. Hamate 6. Capitate 7. Trapezoid 8. Trapezium 9. Ulnar styloid 10. Radial Styloid 11. Distal/middle

/proximal phalanx 12 DIP, PIP, MCP joints

Phalanges

Metacarpals

Carpus

Radius

Ulna

HAND, ANTERIOR VIEW

Anatomy Of The Elbow

1. Humeral Shaft. 2. Radial Shaft. 3. Ulnar Shaft. 4. Olecranon Process. 5. Head of the Radius. 6. Coronoid Process of

the Ulna. 7. Medial

Supracondylar ridge.

Bones of the elbow

1 Capitulum- 2 Trochlea 3 Lateral

epicondyle 4 Medial

epicondyle

Radial Shaft. Ulnar Shaft. Humeral Shaft. Medial Epicondyle. Lateral Epicondyle. Radial Tuberosity. Olecranon Process of

the Ulna.

Proximal Humerus and shoulder region

Humerus Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Bicipital groove Head of humerus

Scapula Acromion process Coracoid process Glenoid fossa Supra/infraspinatus

fossa Subscapularis fossa Superior/inferior border

and angle Medial/lateral border Spine of the scapula

Deltoid tuberosity

Greater tubercle

Head of humerus

Inferior angle

Superior angle

Glenoid fossa

Supraspinatus fossa

Infraspinatus fossa

Shoulder

Subscapularis fossa

Lesser tubercle

Bicipital groove

Coracoid process

Clavicle and Sternum Manubrium Body of the sternum Xiphoid Process

Vertebrae

Body

Transverse process

Spinous process

Vertebral foramen

facets

Vertrebral Column

7-cervical 12-thoracic 5-lumbar Sacrum Coccyx

Sacral iliac joint

Hip/pelvis

ilium

ischium Head of femur

Greater trochanter

Iliac crest

ASIS

AIIS

ILIAC TUBEROSITY

Hip/pelvis

Iliac Crest

Iliac Fossa

ASIS

Greater trochanter

Lesser trochanter

Body of Ischium

Body of Pubis

Knee

Lateral femoral condyle

Fibular styloid

Head of fibula

Tibial tuberosity

Gerdy’s tubercle

Medial femoral condyle

Medial tibial condyle

Lateral tibial condyle

Posterior knee

Popliteal surface

Intercondylar fossa

Styloid of fibula

Posterior iintercondylar fossa