ANAPHYLAXISANAPHYLAXIS

Learning Outcomes Learning Outcomes

• List common triggers for anaphylaxis.

• Describe how to recognise anaphylaxis in an infant and a child.

• Explain how to administer first aid for an infant and a child with anaphylaxis.

Why does anaphylaxis happen….Why does anaphylaxis happen….

Your body’s immune system is reacting badly to Your body’s immune system is reacting badly to the presence of a foreign object the presence of a foreign object

(e.g. food or a substance) (e.g. food or a substance) it wrongly perceives as a threat.it wrongly perceives as a threat.

What part of the body does it What part of the body does it affect?affect?

How quickly does it happen ?How quickly does it happen ?

What are the routes of entry?What are the routes of entry?

How does the body reactHow does the body react

Body releases a massive amount of histamine and other

Chemicals into the blood stream

Blood vessels widen leading to a sudden and severe

Lowering of the blood pressure.

Constriction on the Airway

Local anaphylaxis/allergic reaction

This cause urticaria and or oedema at the site

Of exposure to the allergen, this may lead onto

A full anaphylactic or Anaphylactiod reaction

Urticaria -

Effects of the body..Effects of the body..

Signs and Symptoms of Anaphylaxis

• Anxiety• Swelling of the face and neck• Swelling of the mouth and tongue• Red blotchy skin• Difficulty in breathing• Rapid pulse• Signs and symptoms of shock

Treatment• Primary survey – DRAB• Ensure 999 has been called• If casualty is conscious sit them up to

assist breathing• Encourage casualty to use medication if

available• Monitor the vital signs• Be prepared to carry out CPR• The casualty needs further medical

attention even if they appear to recover

Epi-pen

A patient who has suffered a previous anaphylactic Reaction may carry a syringe of adrenalin (Epi-Pen)

This can save the patient’s life if it is given promptly

The patient should be able to inject this on their own but, if necessary, assist them to use it.

Epi-pen

TaskTask

• To produce a poster highlighting List To produce a poster highlighting List common triggers for anaphylaxis.common triggers for anaphylaxis.

• Describe how to recognise anaphylaxis Describe how to recognise anaphylaxis in an infant and a child.in an infant and a child.

• Explain how to administer first aid for Explain how to administer first aid for an infant and a child with anaphylaxis an infant and a child with anaphylaxis 8.1, 8.2 and 8.38.1, 8.2 and 8.3