World Federation of Engineering Organisations (WFEO) Committee for Disaster Risk Management

An International Forum for Engineering

Response to Major Disasters

Dr. Marlene Kanga FIEAust CPEng GAICD National Councillor, Engineers Australia

Member,WFEO Committee for Disaster Risk Management (CDRM)

Why focus on natural disasters? International action for natural disaster risk

management Who is WFEO and the CDRM? The activities of the WFEO Committee for

Disaster Risk Management Australia’s contribution to the CDRM

TRENDS IN WORLDWIDE NATURAL DISASTERS 1980 - 2010

SOURCE: MUNICH RE TOPICS GEO 2010

SOURCE: MUNICH RE TOPICS GEO 2008

NUMBER OF NATURAL CATASTROPHES 1950-2008 (CATEGORY 6 – INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE REQUIRED)

SOURCE: MUNICH RE TOPICS GEO 2010

OVERALL LOSSES AND INSURED LOSSES CAT 6 EVENTS 1950-2010

Collaborate at regional and international levels to improve information on natural hazards

Focus attention of national governments and policy makers on importance of natural disaster risk management

Develop long-term strategies for disaster reduction

Share knowledge and build capacity for increased resilience

OECD ◦ Developed materials to support promote risk

education and risk awareness ◦ International network for financial management of

natural disaster catastrophes UN-ISDR ◦ UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction ◦ HYOGO Framework

World Federation of Engineering Organisations (WFEO) ◦ Committee for Disaster Risk Management

UN-ISDR HYOGO Framework UNESCO - International Decade of Education

for Sustainable Development Council of Europe – European-Mediterranean

Major Hazards Agreement (EUR-OPA) Asia – Asia Disaster Preparedness Center Americas – Eduplan Hemisferico

Encourage risk-based awareness and education of natural disasters Use hazard mapping to improve risk awareness Use consistent methods for collection and dissemination of data on damage

and losses from natural disasters Encourage voluntary risk reduction activities Use disaster risk transfer and financing mechanisms including risk-based

disaster insurance Use appropriate risk communication techniques Allocate disaster prevention responsibilities and costs of restoration Promote a culture of long-term and sustained strategy for disaster risk

management Continuously monitor awareness and education efforts

1994 – Yokohama Strategy for a Safer World 2000 – UN- ISDR established 2000 – Millennium Goals for Sustainable

Development 2005 - Hyogo key priorities: ◦ Governance: organisational, legal and policy frameworks ◦ Risk identification, assessment, monitoring, early warning ◦ Knowledge management and education ◦ Reduction of underlying risk factors ◦ Preparedness for effective response and recovery

Established 1968 under UNESCO Represents 90 Engineering organisations, 15

million engineers Vision “.. developing and applying

engineering to constructively resolve international and national issues for the benefit of humanity”

10 Standing Committees Committee for Disaster Risk Management

established 2009, hosted by Japan Federation of Engineering Societies (JFES)

35 members from 14 countries incl. Australia Annual face to face meeting, teleconference and

email Established to build capacity for engineers to

improve resilience against natural disasters: ◦ Share knowledge and technologies for disaster risk

mitigation ◦ Foster studies and document best practices on disaster risk

reduction ◦ Disseminate information on disaster risk mitigation

strategies – structural and non-structural measures ◦ Facilitate capacity building for engineers in these areas ◦ Promote sustainable development

See www.wfeo.net

Seminars, presentation on disaster risk management incl. Brasilia (2008), Buenos Aires (2010) and Geneva (2011)

Presentation at UN-ISDR, 2011 Other Seminars and presentation 2008-2011,

Japan, USA, Australia Co-ordinate reconnaissance visits to disaster areas

and disseminate technical information to mitigate earthquake risks – Chile (2010), New Zealand 2011), East Japan (2011)

Development of Manual for ◦ Earthquake risk mitigation ◦ Water based disaster risk management (Draft Dec 2009)

Capacity Building to improve engineering practices for mitigating seismic risk of structures

Chair: Prof. Kazuhiko Kawashima, Science Council of Japan

Task Group 1: Pre- and post-earthquake measures of transportation facilities

Task Group 2: Wall structures (masonry structures) Task Group 3: Quality control and inspection for steel

buildings for the enhancement of seismic performance Task Group 4: Highly protective technologies for buildings

Aim: To share knowledge on best practices in seismic design – structural measures

Review of seismic design and impact of new practices and technologies

Structures to be covered include: bridges, tunnels, embankments, embedded structures, liquefaction

Includes practical examples of pre- and post earthquake inspections and recommendations for improving seismic performance

Contributors from Greece, India, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, the Philippines, Slovenia, Taiwan, Thailand, and US

Part I. Past Seismic Damage of Transportation Facilities

I.1 A Earthquake – performance of structures incl. information from reconnaissance visits

I.2 B Earthquake I.3 ……. Part II. Pre-Earthquake measures II.1 Country A Report - Japan II.2 Country B Report - II.3 ……………. Part III. Post-Earthquake Measures III.1 Country A Report - Japan III.2 Country B Report - III.3 ……..

Example from CDRM Manual: Practical On-site Evaluation of Damage of Standard Reinforced Concrete Piers

Residual strength capacity

Residual ductility capacity

C Rank: Minor Damage

B Rank: Moderate Damage: Watch carefully for possible damage progress

A Rank: Major Damage: Immediate suspend the traffic

Major Damage: Immediate suspension of traffic

A Rank

Example from CDRM Manual: Implementation to On-Site Evaluation of Damage during the 1995 Kobe, Japan, Earthquake

Moderate Damage: Watch carefully for possible damage extension

B Rank

C Rank Minor Damage

Aim is to disseminate knowledge of current practices in design and construction of masonry structures

10 country reports on curgent design & construction practice

Japan, Peru, Chile, Egypt To be published on WFEO Web page

Aim: To reduce incidence of damage due to poor steel quality and construction

Past damage of steel buildings History of QC and Inspection of Steel Buildings-

Japan Asia's structural steel situation Proposal for international cooperation in quality

control and inspection Monitoring manufacturing and quality Practical examples

Fracture due to short leg length in fillet welding Lack of knowledge related to structural design Poor workmanship

Example from CDRM Manual: 1995 Kobe, Japan Earthquake

Design (Designer, Engineer)

Construction site (General contractor)

Fabrication shop

Design documents Instruction Inspection/testing

Discussion report

Design documents instruction

Discussion report

Inspection

Inspection

Example from CDRM Manual: Structural steel construction

High quality structural products

Aim is to disseminate Japan’s extensive knowledge data base for highly protective technologies

Report on mechanism, theory, design, and examples of implementation Base Isolation Technology Vibration Control Technology Observed Performance during an earthquake Construction examples

Rubber bearing isolator

Steel damper

Lead damper

Shaking

Example from CDRM Manual: Seismic Isolation

First high-rise base isolated building (Sendai) – Maximum displacement of isolator was 23 cm and no damage to super structure

Source: Proposed CDRM Manual

Isolation floor

Max. height

Eaves height

Capacity Building to improve engineering practices for mitigating risk of water based natural disasters

Chair: Prof. Yoshio Ishii, Chair IAC, Japan Federation Engineering Societies (JFES)

Topics in Draft Manual (2009) Fundamentals Floods Tsunamis Further Topics: Drought Storm Surge Contributors from Japan, Canada, Bangladesh, India, China,

Korea, Myanmar, Philippines, USA

Collate basic information on disaster risk management of water related events

Transfer technology to mitigate the impact of such events and build safer societies

Ensure appropriate technology for the social economic and natural environment

Ensure young engineers with little or no experience of natural disasters learn from those with knowledge and experience

Engineers in developing countries learn from the experience of developed countries and adopt suitable measures

Section 1: Trends in water related disasters Impact of climate change Impact on sustainable development Section 2: Basics of Disaster Risk Management Recommended roles for various stakeholders Disaster risk management strategies for floods, sea level rise and drought Section 3: Governance frameworks for WDRM – Legal, structural etc. Measuring performance Development of mitigation measures Improving preparedness – emergency response, early warning systems, risk

financing and insurance, review and recovery of disaster risk management plans

1. Trends in flood disasters 2. Strategic Flood Disaster Risk Management ◦ Establishing legal frameworks for structural and non-structural measures, planning,

operational frameworks and community awareness 3.Assessment of Flood Disaster Risks ◦ Assessment of vulnerability and capacity, estimates of expected damage

4. Flood Disaster Mitigation and Prevention ◦ River improvement measurements, flood control structures, flood plain management,

maintenance and inspection, response during flood events 5. Preparedness measures ◦ Flood forecasting and warning, public awareness, emergency response

6. Emergency Response ◦ Institutional responses, public awareness,

7. Recovery and Rehabilitation 8. Climate Change Adaptation Strategies

Source: CDRM WDRM Draft Manual (2009)

Section 1: Tsunami basics What is a tsunami, causes and characteristics

Section 2: Mitigation of Tsunami risks Structural and non-structural measures Tsunami forecasting and early warning systems Emergency response

Section 3: Assessment of Tsunami Disaster Risk Vulnerability and capacity, indices and other measures to assess tsunami risk

Use of Early Warning System to Mitigate Impact of Tsunami

Tsunami Disaster Risk Management: Structural and Non-structural measures

Capacity Building essential for developing countries – ◦ Relationship between sustainable economic development and effective

disaster risk management ◦ Application of engineering for humanitarian outcomes

Proposal to complement the activities of existing sub-committees

Proposed Chair: Dr. Marlene Kanga

Members: Members of the WFEO CDRM and others with expertise

Develop a Capacity Building Manual which provides information and support to develop disaster risk management practices and programs appropriate to the social and economic needs of the country

Focus on good practices such as: ◦ Government governance frameworks ◦ Implementation of non-structural measures e.g. Land use

planning ◦ Tools for natural hazard awareness and disaster risk reduction

awareness e.g. Natural hazard risk modelling, early warning ◦ Implementation of natural hazard emergency readiness and

response plans ◦ Natural hazard risk communication strategies ◦ Natural disaster risk financing ◦ Natural disaster awareness education ◦ Assist with the implementation of the 5 pillars of UNISDR Hyogo

Action Framework (HFA)

Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management (2009)

THAILAND FLOODS OCTOBER 2011

PAKISTAN FLOODS SEPT 2011

CHILE EARTHQUAKE FEB 2010