an integrated study of nutrient leaching and greenhouse gas emissions

An integrated study of nutrient leaching and greenhouse gas emissions Tyson Ochsner and Rodney VentereaSoil and Water Management Research UnitAgricultural Research Service, USDASt. Paul, MN

Soil biophysicalproperties and processesOutputs:Crop yieldGHG emissionsNutrient leachingAltered soil propsEtc...Managed inputs:Crop rotationFertilizerTillageEtc...Natural inputs:Solar radiationPrecipitationTemperatureEtc...The farm field as a systemAlterations to management practices or biophysical processes typically affect more than one output of the system.

Overview of the R3 experimentGoal: Integrated assessment of yield, GHG emissions, nutrient leaching, and long-term changes in soil properties for various cropping practices

Setting:Rosemount, MN (4445 N, 9304 W)Waukegan silt loam (0.66 1.16 m deep) 879 mm avg. annual precip; 6.4C annual mean temperature

Design:Total of 39 large plots (76 m x 27 m)4 tillage practices, 3 crop rotations, 2 N sources, 3 replicates

Instrumentation:Static chambers for GHG emissionAutomated equilibrium tension lysimeters for drainage and leachingCS616 water content sensorsCu-constantan thermocouplesTipping bucket rain gauges3 comprehensive weather stations within 2 km

Management contrastsContinuous corn vs. corn/soybeanUS corn acreage projected up 10 million acres by 2010... new corn acreage will come from shifts in crop rotation from soybeans to corn. C.E. Hart, Iowa Ag Review, Fall 2006

Urea vs. anhydrous ammoniaDomestic N production declining; imports risingUrea easier and safer to store, handle, and transport

Chart3

0.52774263890.0593932606

0.60420299440.0851791531

0.69597224810.122222357

0.9130286130.1522188815

1.04117706820.1697284448

1.16402723460.1785811724

1.45904052060.1952065071

1.79202487740.2112495959

2.28742978640.22982842

2.33667721850.2430392207

2.58240435530.2228468988

2.95477742530.2511656028

2.70790515520.3280721858

2.54024885720.4011732864

3.11232632130.4295529717

2.99165697120.4808386458

3.67487639560.6906936082

3.66880004140.8068867544

3.37969111620.8078315466

3.6364005130.89722885

4.08268233140.895768223

4.23253024340.9270244705

3.80939456170.9184478294

2.85620289320.9071713047

3.51030034231.1408031188

4.01156940581.1194813902

3.40397642981.4352361928

3.3711629261.3890871473

3.42458287231.3913956646

3.44281044571.4125331964

3.45064172781.5616332614

3.81925849261.4364737786

3.7268087111.48078002

3.26253013291.6396604798

4.12493908971.6838932095

3.23263828261.6854428023

3.62710617061.6364593803

3.61190374451.6021256666

3.29462141341.8566878432

3.52347384241.9327056032

3.3101715491.9621111106

2.73757512662.1027970119

2.8848096332.217297301

2.8461922842.2360841298

3.02930639222.3576444639

2.8724313232.1764319075

AA

U

U.S. fertilizer N use (106 tons N)

Table1

Table 1. U.S. consumption of plant nutrients

Primary nutrient content 1/Share of total by nutrient

Year ending June 30NitrogenPhosphatePotashTotalNitrogenPhosphatePotash

-------------------1,000 nutrient tons--------------------------------Percent-----------------

1960:2,738.02,572.42,153.37,463.736.6834.4728.85

1961:3,030.82,645.12,168.57,844.438.6433.7227.64

1962:3,370.02,807.02,270.58,447.539.8933.2326.88

1963:3,929.13,072.92,503.49,505.441.3432.3326.34

1964:4,352.83,377.82,729.710,460.341.6132.2926.10

1965:4,638.53,512.22,834.510,985.242.2231.9725.80

1966:5,326.33,897.13,221.212,444.642.8031.3225.88

1967:6,027.14,304.73,641.813,973.643.1330.8126.06

1968:6,787.64,453.33,792.615,033.545.1529.6225.23

1969:6,957.64,665.63,891.615,514.844.8430.0725.08

1970:7,459.04,573.84,035.516,068.346.4228.4625.11

1971:8,133.64,803.44,231.417,168.447.3827.9824.65

1972:8,022.34,863.74,326.817,212.846.6128.2625.14

1973:8,295.15,085.24,648.718,029.046.0128.2125.78

1974:9,157.25,098.65,082.619,338.447.3526.3726.28

1975:8,600.84,506.84,453.217,560.948.9825.6625.36

1976:10,411.65,227.65,209.720,848.849.9425.0724.99

1977:10,647.45,629.75,833.822,110.948.1525.4626.38

1978:9,964.65,096.15,526.120,586.948.4024.7526.84

1979:10,714.75,605.86,244.522,565.147.4824.8427.67

1980:11,406.75,431.56,245.123,083.349.4223.5327.05

1981:11,923.85,434.46,319.523,677.750.3622.9526.69

1982:10,983.14,813.95,630.921,427.951.2622.4726.28

1983:9,127.04,137.54,831.018,095.950.4422.8626.70

1984:11,092.24,901.15,796.821,790.150.9022.4926.60

1985:11,492.64,657.65,552.521,702.652.9521.4625.58

1986:10,424.44,177.95,052.619,654.953.0421.2625.71

1987:10,209.54,008.34,836.519,054.353.5821.0425.38

1988:10,511.64,128.54,972.719,612.853.6021.0525.35

1989:10,592.64,116.94,838.019,547.554.1921.0624.75

1990:11,076.04,344.75,202.820,623.553.7121.0725.23

1991:11,286.94,200.65,001.220,488.755.0920.5024.41

1992:11,446.44,217.95,041.720,706.055.2820.3724.35

1993:11,392.54,435.65,140.720,968.954.3321.1524.52

1994:12,642.84,521.15,268.122,432.056.3620.1523.48

1995:11,718.54,424.85,128.421,271.755.0920.8024.11

1996:12,303.44,527.35,257.522,088.255.7020.5023.80

1997:12,352.14,611.85,424.522,388.455.1720.6024.23

1998:12,312.64,615.25,300.722,228.555.3920.7623.85

1999:12,451.94,254.24,953.521,659.657.4919.6422.87

2000:12,333.84,313.84,971.621,619.257.0519.9523.00

2001:11,534.74,257.24,926.120,718.055.6720.5523.78

2002:12,009.34,630.04,981.621,620.955.5421.4123.04

2003:11,991.24,271.45,010.121,271.756.3720.0823.55

2004:13,097.604,813.105,497.6023,408.355.9520.5623.49

2005:12,335.704,637.605,172.9022,146.255.7020.9423.36

1/ Includes pert Rico.

Sources: ERS, TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority), AAPFCO (Association of American Plant Food Control Officials), TFI (The Fertilizer Institute).

Table2

Table 2. Estimated U.S. plant nutrient use by selected crops 1/

NitrogenPhosphatePotash

Year ending June 30CornCottonSoybeansWheatOtherCornCottonSoybeansWheatOtherCornCottonSoybeansWheatOther

1,000 nutrient tons

1964:1,623394163531,9671,053211572711,787829175701511,503

1965:2,151453194271,5891,336230903271,5291,2041771171511,185

1966:2,596330404241,9351,6261681653291,6091,5131351831501,240

1967:3,044269566242,0351,8571462044631,6351,7501042312231,333

1968:3,116319676242,6631,8551742114261,7881,7781362571891,433

1969:3,287405485692,6481,7891922274002,0571,7651322761771,541

1970:3,520323635802,9742,1361582153221,7432,0461233081751,384

1971:3,730343626143,3852,0241642293752,0121,9461402821361,728

1972:3,705404727833,0571,9942122854471,9261,9921753701571,633

1973:3,830337958963,1371,9881823805072,0282,0521514981811,767

1974:3,773421871,0783,7982,1022103016211,8642,3611734042631,882

1975:3,885240741,0853,3171,9631022735641,6052,162863762751,553

1976:5,210353701,4563,3222,5501602967441,4782,7711214523121,553

1977:5,1814161131,2793,6582,5231854386471,8372,8351106022941,993

1978:4,8883511381,0473,5422,4161635104391,5692,6461127221791,866

1979:5,2743521491,2533,6862,4991686245971,7182,803839332762,149

1980:5,2443711371,5704,0852,4131605636771,6182,9271008812912,046

1981:5,5883871281,7914,0302,5361715138091,4063,038998984151,870

1982:5,3603301021,7813,4102,3411074117181,2362,957946993181,564

1983:3,9602181151,6513,1831,696784317151,2182,124627143671,564

1984:5,3913431151,8663,3772,2771284687181,3102,873957813101,739

1985:5,666325801,7463,6752,1531233806351,3672,769946822181,790

1986:4,807309821,7083,5181,9641103776231,1042,331986653011,658

1987:4,194324871,6333,9711,6761083425761,3072,110776112121,826

1988:4,4993901041,7403,7781,8561423676431,1212,245787203071,623

1989:4,601347931,9243,6281,7981203927511,0562,196687203171,537

1990:4,7484191181,8003,9901,8911333267231,2712,399906793231,712

1991:4,7154771181,7344,2431,8681513126791,1892,245985683011,789

1992:4,887466981,8894,1061,8541533206881,2042,2561405842541,808

1993:4,369508841,9864,4451,6811713047361,5432,0541406412152,091

1994:4,6036491002,0505,2401,7401592907261,6052,1191406242272,158

1995:4,1587001541,9554,7521,4962043727191,6351,8001736652362,254

1996:4,8295631162,2084,5881,7951933937551,3912,1362307372631,892

1997:4,7925251752,0434,8161,7832194907191,4022,1722861,0162571,694

1998:4,8464721412,0174,8371,6662124157351,5862,0122597882791,963

1999:4,6505441391,9075,2121,5802154416691,3491,9363098052461,657

2000:4,9095671601,8914,8081,7632254286361,2621,9203047622281,757

2001:4,2495691481,7644,8051,5522364486171,4041,8883147932211,710

2002:4,7205081551,7514,8751,7012044706321,6232,0742819522271,447

2003:4,7105081541,8044,8151,6822104486511,2811,9632808272341,707

2004:4,7925021561,9575,6911,7292064646971,7172,0762778732162,055

2005:4,9595211511,6255,0801,7582154485811,6361,8232908601982,002

1/ Source: USDA/NASS and AAPFCO/TFI. Estimates of plant nutrient use for other crops are determined by subtracting the plant use of the four selected crops from total use

of each plant nutrient. Shaded values are constructed by planted acres, and estimated application rates and percents of acres applied using three-year-moving average.

Plant nutrient use only for corn grains, excluding for corn silage.

Table revised October 23, 2006 to correct values for "other" category from 1994 trough 2005.

Table3

Table 3. U.S. consumption of fertilizer

Gross tons 1/Share of total

Year ending June 30Multiple-nutrient material 2/Single-nutrient materialSecondary and micro-nutrientsTotalMultiple-nutrient materialSingle nutrient materials 3/

---------------- 1,000 material tons---------------------------- Percent -------

1960:15,6507,8501,37824,87762.9137.09

1961:15,7358,6391,19425,56761.5438.46

1962:16,2059,1001,31026,61560.8939.11

1963:17,15710,2991,45928,84459.4840.76

1964:18,09311,1131,47530,68158.9741.03

1965:18,55911,7561,52131,83658.3041.70

1966:19,65913,4121,46134,53256.9343.07

1967:21,13214,5521,39737,08156.9943.01

1968:21,29415,8321,61738,74354.9645.04

1969:21,23416,3801,33438,94954.5245.48

1970:20,96117,3311,29739,58952.9547.05

1971:21,51318,3891,21641,11852.3247.68

1972:21,51118,3851,31041,20652.2047.80

1973:22,54719,2751,46643,28852.0947.91

1974:24,06720,8972,13047,09451.1048.90

1975:20,64719,9591,87842,48448.6051.40

1976:22,95823,9352,29649,18946.6753.33

1977:24,09924,9992,52551,62446.6853.32

1978:22,11023,5111,87747,49746.5553.45

1979:23,74225,6002,13951,48046.1253.88

1980:23,27027,2212,29652,78744.0855.92

1981:23,52528,2362,22753,98843.5756.43

1982:20,85726,0541,75848,66942.8557.15

1983:18,35221,8511,61041,81343.8956.11

1984:21,17426,9281,95450,05642.3057.70

1985:20,71126,9671,97149,10942.1758.93

1986:17,79024,6621,62044,07140.3759.64

1987:17,14424,1451,67542,96439.9060.10

1988:17,57425,1061,84744,52739.4760.53

1989:17,57325,1892,02544,78739.2460.76

1990:18,36726,9432,39547,70538.5061.50

1991:17,79626,7922,70247,29037.6362.37

1992:18,07327,4492,27247,79437.8162.19

1993:18,45028,2902,45849,19737.5062.50

1994:18,85230,7242,74252,31936.0363.97

1995:18,63729,5012,60450,74436.7363.27

1996:19,62830,7863,18453,60436.6263.37

1997:19,59331,6303,79255,01735.6164.38

1998:19,29531,4254,23454,95435.1164.89

1999:18,59631,6633,15053,40934.8265.18

2000:18,75531,7193,06653,54035.0364.97

2001:17,89730,7373,62452,25834.2565.75

2002:19,15630,6473,19652,99936.1463.86

2003:17,96931,1793,86253,04533.8866.06

2004:20,12634,2503,45457,83034.8065.20

2005:19,88432,0383,38855,31335.9564.05

1/ Includes Puerto Rico.

2/ Includes analyses of nitrogen-phosphate-potash, nitrogen-phosphate, nitrogen-potash, and phosphate-potash.

3/ Direct application materials including primary, secondary, and micronutrients.

Sources: ERS, TVA, and AAPFCO/TFI.

Metadata

Source

http://www.ers.usda.gov/Data/FertilizerUse/

Date

11/7/06

Table4

Table 4. U.S. consumption of selected nitrogen materials

AmmoniaAmmonium

Year ending June 30AnhydrousAquaNitrateSulfateNitrogen solutionsSodium nitrateUreaOtherAnhydrousUrea

Material tonsMetric tons N

1960 :708,798427,0621,231,294534,795650,259454,341142,198394,16319600.52774263890.0593932606

1961 :811,490432,4941,324,569552,264948,785407,766203,934358,76019610.60420299440.0851791531

1962 :934,743496,3031,387,769557,7011,190,979407,792292,622330,45119620.69597224810.122222357

1963 :1,226,266579,1651,480,186703,9631,493,507381,343364,439307,88519630.9130286130.1522188815

1964 :1,398,379776,2191,643,504712,3271,680,367337,866406,360295,30719641.04117706820.1697284448

1965 :1,563,376819,6651,634,294774,5031,922,126301,111427,555252,41019651.16402723460.1785811724

1966 :1,959,601972,2911,823,004792,3472,305,118243,576467,359215,90919661.45904052060.1952065071

1967 :2,406,824862,9312,141,514839,9412,562,625199,118505,769202,00719671.79202487740.2112495959

1968 :3,072,190813,5432,376,459843,2862,645,424153,385550,250193,76719682.28742978640.22982842

1969 :3,138,333701,0502,574,077762,9552,791,582104,470581,879223,89919692.33667721850.2430392207

1970 :3,468,363701,3542,844,360781,8743,242,89285,531533,535240,27919702.58240435530.2228468988

1971 :3,968,488738,1492,892,809901,5183,482,26399,061601,335228,31319712.95477742530.2511656028

1972 :3,636,920732,5113,062,952933,5623,420,47396,836785,463163,88919722.70790515520.3280721858

1973 :3,411,745664,5593,280,623952,8253,799,57258,766960,480270,47319732.54024885720.4011732864

1974 :4,180,088723,5693,169,382927,0904,048,55147,6911,028,426426,20019743.11232632130.4295529717

1975 :4,018,020702,1922,796,275815,9794,109,66584,7031,151,213476,86519752.99165697120.4808386458

1976 :4,935,635698,2482,950,0951,069,9585,591,17865,2661,653,643356,88919763.67487639560.6906936082

1977 :4,927,474655,1332,738,7101,050,5825,794,63673,6261,931,830371,71719773.66880004140.8068867544

1978 :4,539,179500,2832,487,714845,0685,510,89560,6981,934,092488,88719783.37969111620.8078315466

1979 :4,883,959566,3002,507,546778,2376,073,61771,2102,148,125537,56519793.6364005130.89722885

1980 :5,483,349667,6152,627,660870,7226,669,50383,9992,144,628505,29519804.08268233140.895768223

1981 :5,684,606728,6263,020,738846,4457,270,11876,9092,219,461472,33719814.23253024340.9270244705

1982 :5,116,303667,2442,571,329715,2387,247,89366,2642,198,927465,86719823.80939456170.9184478294

1983 :3,836,095520,3072,151,778685,7736,105,55560,1002,171,929341,30619832.85620289320.9071713047

1984 :4,714,597643,7112,186,502790,5308,065,47764,2462,731,285423,11319843.51030034231.1408031188

1985 :5,387,839629,4572,195,397778,3208,255,89552,2742,680,237434,02819854.01156940581.1194813902

1986 :4,571,796515,4531,735,168665,5887,030,15061,2533,436,210438,90419863.40397642981.4352361928

1987 :4,527,725437,8051,643,500632,9996,824,51534,5393,325,721634,52919873.3711629261.3890871473

1988 :4,599,472469,1101,768,719751,9227,272,28234,3883,331,248635,71119883.42458287231.3913956646

1989 :4,623,953493,6871,898,668817,6807,056,96639,8983,381,855645,96219893.44281044571.4125331964

1990 :4,634,471407,1961,777,545874,7317,744,97352,6023,738,8271,116,63619903.45064172781.5616332614

1991 :5,129,551339,6741,850,061823,9457,705,22039,8963,439,1731,115,61419913.81925849261.4364737786

1992 :5,005,384331,4981,911,223901,3588,103,68539,6163,545,2501,298,59119923.7268087111.48078002

1993 :4,381,823329,6281,922,554875,6308,770,62553,4613,925,6381,433,77219933.26253013291.6396604798

1994 :5,540,103418,7871,976,910949,9899,131,48934,7454,031,5391,793,99019944.12493908971.6838932095

1995 :4,341,676391,9231,887,8271,009,4969,514,57637,1054,035,2491,743,05819953.23263828261.6854428023

1996 :4,871,476374,6622,100,5661,050,4519,710,33931,5183,917,9742,053,28619963.62710617061.6364593803

1997 :4,851,058229,3191,943,0271,225,36510,224,58233,3303,835,7732,259,95119973.61190374451.6021256666

1998 :4,424,924268,8071,946,8681,098,22210,265,28639,0134,445,2402,068,04019983.29462141341.8566878432

1999 :4,732,290351,6911,878,5021,089,46610,394,64335,6344,627,2402,132,54519993.52347384241.9327056032

2000 :4,445,809338,0261,698,3551,121,31810,424,27926,6524,697,6422,584,25920003.3101715491.9621111106

2001 :3,676,769337,7611,556,7581,148,7229,489,98925,5715,034,4692,424,43520012.73757512662.1027970119

2002 :3,874,516270,3831,569,4681,056,8529,277,68626,1755,308,6032,738,24020022.8848096332.217297301

2003 :3,822,650388,4351,523,9911,127,1309,529,82417,5615,353,5822,736,77020032.8461922842.2360841298

2004 :4,068,586521,1811,527,9641,229,56911,195,76516,7985,644,6192,397,72020043.02930639222.3576444639

2005 :3,857,891420,8971,420,6201,181,52010,499,85421,3535,210,7642,278,46120052.8724313232.1764319075

Source: ERS,TVA, AAPFCO/TFI.

Table4

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

AA

U

U.S. fertilizer N use (106 tons N)

Table5

Table 5. U.S. consumption of selected phosphate and potash fertilizers

Phosphates

SuperphosphatesOtherPotash

Year ending June 30Grades 22% and underGrades over 22%Diammonium phosphate (18-46-0) 1/Other nitrogen-phosphate grades 2/Other 3/Potassium chlorideOther

Material tons

1960:510,539399,31920,388NA153,764389,36984,753

1961:492,657438,39832,680NA171,696411,69196,409

1962:481,266465,06781,253NA144,038427,491110,171

1963:483,596474,198175,312NA132,800516,482108,996

1964:456,357622,434337,753NA143,993644,998116,770

1965:455,437729,374504,481NA154,742814,233121,747

1966:470,244902,098786,782NA133,8041,152,082136,542

1967:433,383976,351906,372NA142,3851,483,159117,037

1968:401,3471,109,3321,246,953NA175,4681,719,040148,622

:

1969:364,0321,295,2141,490,409NA211,5131,957,155182,887

1970:312,0321,204,5661,514,911NA191,0722,172,572237,287

1971:276,0571,220,2571,716,365NA189,6382,268,903232,410

1972:217,7331,262,5381,875,690NA215,6792,453,142222,586

1973:179,4511,188,1092,299,198NA191,7962,836,365220,196

1974:195,1841,183,0922,267,174NA202,3993,266,936250,967

1975:183,9161,168,7262,252,187NA176,9403,003,816239,916

1976:140,3431,211,0603,232,501NA166,1793,752,449289,875

1977:134,0141,242,7863,604,577NA215,2304,398,573392,099

:

1978:106,9831,086,7413,187,866NA178,5114,284,496400,828

1979:87,7821,234,3513,683,758NA257,8915,104,424405,780

1980:121,9081,166,5403,481,921NA346,0615,065,855475,753

1981:112,5241,051,6533,721,8452,510,250228,4305,301,384457,480

1982:74,616828,6433,396,1302,352,502157,1884,864,233412,149

1983:71,651721,1262,856,2572,120,469123,8524,104,305363,459

1984:86,292872,5683,499,0242,652,454137,8605,124,064457,668

1985:68,574751,4123,433,6532,730,920197,0955,265,971383,736

1986:66,465718,1953,223,2012,539,078364,1364,983,302337,641

1987:49,374624,3783,214,0682,581,073367,6254,905,640316,962

:

1988:18,943636,4363,435,9372,685,183120,3995,081,978347,738

1989:27,471579,2313,340,8462,918,261153,9644,875,570392,693

199013,717579,8413,580,2223,065,005141,4835,357,628457,569

1991:16,094494,4353,447,7263,062,647171,1615,184,322435,153

1992:27,061497,7173,430,7743,072,939140,8615,158,400438,181

1993:18,371489,9443,754,5913,344,491152,3555,438,806450,962

1994:10,539470,4393,815,4263,533,692196,6525,690,273443,536

1995:11,264425,2233,657,7323,445,518242,1085,376,217449,248

1996:30,215447,7943,734,3843,470,446186,9345,506,406457,206

1997:47,292385,0153,720,2983,856,282263,0785,651,965632,309

1998:47,185362,3553,674,1954,155,957221,5335,644,245556,359

1999:73,696357,9373,170,2874,670,365255,2945,197,078555,813

2000:11,437333,2983,220,1794,114,562358,5285,332,030508,729

2001:16,268328,5553,202,9054,030,418308,0285,316,732535,018

2002:18,496328,9713,433,4244,388,185290,5355,341,799480,137

2003:21,164250,0383,186,7014,273,842115,0765,454,374669,143

2004:21,421213,7023,580,1084,469,690187,0316,011,176827,025

2005:15,635191,0613,394,5954,655,203182,4975,577,092805,241

NA = Not available.

1/ 18-46-0 refers to the percentage of nitrogen, phosphate, and potash, respectively, contained

in this fertilizer material. The 1960-74 tonnages exclude Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico.

2/ All materials other than diammonium phosphate, which contain both nitrogen and phosphate.

3/ Other single-nutrient phosphate fertilizer materials.

Source: ERS,TVA, AAPFCO/TFI.

Table6

Table 6. U.S. consumption of selected secondary, micronutrients, and natural organic materials

YearGypsumSulfurSulfuric AcidZincCompostDried ManureSewage SludgeOther Organic Materials

Material tons

1985:NANANANANANANANA

1986:1,038,51241,38516,98233,6898,96888,97642,64752,676

1987:995,16263,08915,39327,0169,149111,39755,08122,375

1988:1,192,67064,28720,25029,11717,610124,06639,80218,792

1989:1,173,83974,92537,22537,59024,169150,13947,58936,907

1990:1,383,781136,83863,60242,19930,713146,42058,67257,762

1991:1,561,937178,62791,06940,95743,860137,48651,13562,093

1992:1,189,29397,91540,27442,68429,628149,225112,771205,820

1993:1,349,942121,25745,39645,78318,210116,718110,345189,461

1994:1,480,629136,22155,80741,01323,793115,95074,590172,241

1995:1,368,985144,56957,36638,85446,782164,56491,641204,960

1996:1,612,439120,475134,36536,95761,889114,82299,502251,474

1997:2,466,004160,14143,97845,12877,976132,04556,838275,952

1998:2,843,187167,71132,23746,13374,873125,44382,961263,864

1999:1,600,658204,72651,29952,62578,756157,88182,828283,731

2000:1,415,900168,98544,80149,06388,124160,680152,740234,227

2001:1,440,326158,03043,99841,49467,563155,974232,965156,715

2002:1,162,055176,607105,01033,59086,146156,87092,814200,942

2003:1,314,697173,377103,36638,20667,799125,754106,018176,481

2004:1,489,254304,627139,22046,03480,149154,45558,450208,284

2005:1,489,116237,807111,04141,46496,220144,157117,134279,728

Source: AAPFCO/ TFI.

Table7

Table 7. Average U.S. farm prices of selected fertilizers

YearMonthAnhydrous ammoniaNitrogen solutions (30%)Urea 45-46% nitrogenAmmonium nitrateSulfate of ammoniumSuper-phosphate 20% phosphateSuper-phosphate 44-46% phosphateDiammonium phosphate (18-46-0)Potassium chloride 60% potassium

Dollars per ton

1960Apr.141.0NA117.081.657.937.579.4NA51.3

Sept.140.0NA117.080.957.838.080.1NA51.6

1961Apr.142.0NA114.082.758.238.380.6NA52.4

Sept.137.0NA112.081.558.538.279.8NA52.8

1962Apr.134.0NA109.081.957.038.480.0NA53.3

Sept.135.0NA108.080.956.838.479.9NA53.2

1963Apr.128.0NA107.081.152.240.581.2NA53.9

Sept.127.0NA105.079.751.840.180.4NA53.7

1964Apr.126.0NA106.079.752.640.380.9NA53.9

Sept.122.0NA104.078.752.640.180.1NA53.3

1965Apr.122.0NA104.078.753.440.780.9NA53.6

Sept.120.0NA103.078.353.040.879.7NA53.5

1966Apr.119.0NA101.076.552.841.480.9NA54.9

Sept.116.066.8100.075.052.741.282.1109.053.4

1967Apr.113.066.899.374.254.242.184.1113.053.6

Sept.109.064.898.673.255.442.180.4103.050.8

1968Apr.91.462.791.867.953.943.278.4101.049.1

Sept.85.660.888.065.353.443.175.195.248.5

1969Apr.75.653.683.961.752.543.874.094.147.8

Sept.72.852.482.660.152.644.573.492.045.2

1970Apr.75.053.982.960.052.445.475.194.450.9

Sept.76.853.383.260.952.146.976.295.154.0

1971Apr.79.356.281.963.351.747.876.695.758.2

Sept.79.354.480.363.851.249.076.694.757.7

1972Apr.80.055.381.464.752.149.978.097.458.8

Sept.80.855.982.765.453.051.279.098.758.7

1973Apr.87.658.390.371.455.253.787.5109.061.5

Sept.92.560.896.277.359.556.094.1119.063.6

1974Apr.183.0111.0183.0139.0110.091.4150.0181.081.3

Sept.229.0136.0232.0170.0137.0104.0188.0228.091.0

1975Apr.265.0153.0244.0186.0148.0118.0214.0263.0102.0

Sept.219.0126.0203.0156.0125.0103.0179.0216.094.3

1976Apr.191.0113.0166.0135.098.295.2158.0189.095.9

Sept.182.0112.0168.0137.094.895.1146.0177.094.2

1977Mar.188.0122.0169.0141.0101.099.2146.0180.095.8

May188.0121.0171.0144.0102.0103.0148.0185.096.9

Oct.177.0119.0169.0144.0103.0100.0150.0187.094.5

Dec.170.0118.0167.0142.0102.0104.0147.0183.094.0

1978Mar.177.0118.0169.0140.0109.0104.0151.0186.096.4

May171.0117.0170.0139.0109.0100.0153.0186.098.4

Oct.164.0113.0169.0138.0113.0108.0153.0187.098.9

Dec.160.0109.0168.0135.0111.0111.0153.0186.099.3

1979Mar.171110170138118109161199107

May182111175141115111172210112

Oct.194115191145120120203245122

Dec.199121201151129129220268124

1980Mar.229134221165138128247297135

May234132228169138132251298135

Oct.225129224168141131242280141

Dec.220129222169143132242278142

1981Mar.243141237185150134248287152

May247149245192155140249283155

Oct.249152247192160NA229261155

Dec.249149246192160NA228259153

1982Mar.255151240195165NA230267155

May255146235195164NA228262155

Oct.236147228191161NA216251146

Dec.230142222188157NA212248143

1983Mar.237142214185149NA214249143

May237141213184147NA214249143

Oct.226136208184143NA205238128

Dec.232137208186145NA210245131

1984Mar.275145222198150NA229271145

May280143227198153NA231271147

Oct.259143228196152NA210250134

Dec.252140227196155NA208246132

1985Mar.255143221192156NA206244128

May252141217189152NA203240128

Oct.237140204184154NA195229113

Dec.233136195183151NA192224109

1986Apr.225122174171149NA190224111

Oct.174112159164151NA182205107

1987Apr.187109161157144NA194220115

Oct.180112159154141NA206231135

1988Apr.208137183166140NA222251157

Oct.191136188170146NA221246157

1989Apr.224142212189154NA229256163

Oct.180130172180154NA204218153

1990Apr.199132184180154NA201219155

Oct.191135199181152NA205228150

1991Apr.210138212184151NA217235156

Oct.188139203184153NA211228148

1992Apr.208141198178151NA206224150

Oct.189135199178154NA194204145

1993Apr.213137202186157NA190199146

Oct.201135200186160NA188192142

1994Apr.243137207196170NA212224146

Oct.262142208198166NA215229144

1995Apr.330169266223182NA234263155

1996Apr.303182278233184NA258294153

1997Apr.303160257227185NA257272152

1998Apr.253134195193187NA253264163

1999Apr.211128176181171NA255264168

2000Apr.227131200194167NA233240165

2001Apr.399189280260192NA236244170

2002Apr.250127191195187NA221227164

2003Apr.373161261243195NA243250165

2004Apr.379178276263205NA266276181

2005Apr.416215332292244NA299303245

2006Apr.521232362366266NA324337273

NA = Not available.

Source: NASS.

Table8

Table 8. Fertilizer price indexes

Index of pricesProducer price indexes

Yearpaid by farmers for fertilizerreceived by farmers for all cropsAll fertilizersNitrogenPhosphatePotash

1990-92=1001982=100

1960:414440482838

1961:424540492941

1962:424639472942

1963:414839453042

1964:414839453042

1965:414640473243

1966:414840473341

1967:404541473438

1968:384539433533

1969:354333343226

:

1970:354531332837

1971:364831332738

1972:385131342638

1973:417932362640

1974:6710151604150

1975:878782848162

1976:748667716563

1977:728266746158

1978:728866726262

1979:779772747173

:

1980:9610592909388

1981:104110101102101102

1982:10597100100100100

1983:10010793929492

1984:1031099710093100

1985:9896949692NA

1986:9086868091NA

1987:8685888095NA

1988:941039993103NA

1989:9910710195106NA

:

1990:97101959297NA

1991:10399999998NA

1992:100100959593NA

1993:96101919983NA

1994:10510410411296NA

1995:120111119129109NA

1996:124125124131116NA

1997:121114121132110NA

1998:112105112108113NA

1999:1059510695112NA

:

2000:1109610711897NA

2001:1239911614395NA

2002:108105104106100NA

2003124111126147110NA

2004140117141169121NA

2005162112156197128NA

NA = Not available.

Sources: NASS, and BLS (Bureau of Labor Statistics).

Table9

Table 9. Percentage of corn acreage receiving nitrogen fertilizer, selected States

State196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005

Percent

Alabama:999910099100100100NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA

Colorado:NANANANANANANA999896928894969696NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA93989588NA89NA89

Delaware:NANANANANANANA1009698969696NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA90NANANANANANANANANANA

Florida:NA100979610010098NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA

Georgia:991009910010099100999998999910010099100100NANANANANANANANANANANANANANA100NANANANANA96NANANA98

Illinois:89909693969695959694969699989799989899999998979810099100999998989910099999895989498NA98

Indiana:9910099991009999991009899981009999979999999999999998979910098979797971001001009999979999NA100

Iowa:80869188879194949493909398989398959799959799989899999698969898979899969895919493NA92

Kansas:7984929093939798979693999899939699NANANANANANANANANANANANANANA9998NA1009910096NA99NA97

Kentucky:969697899896979998981009910097979698NANANANANANANANANANANANANANA9898NA1001009992NA98NA98

Maryland:NA989998981009710010099100100100NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA

Michigan:989699999899999810098989999999810010010010010010099999810099969796989899100100951009994NA99NA98

Minnesota:79778692978993949093949397959494949897979695959596979697979796969797969297969595NA94

Mississippi:98979879989898NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA

Missouri:92939598949598999895939398949696979797989996979598979597969910098971009910010099NA99NA99

Nebraska:727479909089939092929491919696959697979898999397999698999898979998100999999999795NA99

New York:NA100991009310099NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA9999NA98NA94

North Carolina:99100100100100100100100100951001001009910010099NANANANANANANANANANANANANANA9899NA98999698NA99NA97

North DakotaNANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA9889NA98NA99

Ohio:9910099100991001009997969999100889910099999998989898989999999810099991001009910010010010099100NA99

Pennsylvania:NA1009596999996979796979698981009999NANANANANANANANANANANANANANA9397NA88NA9598NA91NA88

South Carolina:10010010099100100100NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA100NANANANANANANANANA

South Dakota:2525294841466051456359635753515954646166667775737569778384829290889694989991NA92NA95

Tennessee:979798989898100NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA

Texas:57606675788184NANANANANA9596NA7893NANANANANANANANANANANANANANA9999NA9910098100NA98NA94

Virginia:100969910010098100100991009810010099100100NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA

Wisconsin:9297989398999897989898989898999999999797100999799989910095999796979498979897989899NA93

:

Average, U.S. 1/:85889192929394949693949497969596969797969797959697979797979797979899989898969696NA96

NA = Not available.

1/ U.S. average is average of State's percents of acres receiving fertilizer, weighted by State's planted acres receiving fertilizer.

Source: Taylor (1964-93), NASS' Agricultural Chemical Usage (1994-2005).

Table10

Table 10. Nitrogen used on corn, rate per fertilized acre receiving nitrogen, selected States

State196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005

Pounds






Illinois:7286102109112120118113128123113117141130140146147152153155148158156161163160164159155150153154166153155155161152161161NA146

Indiana:6891108112112115126113126115102106129140130149148146152149155162157136146133139135143134147132138146146154153140148154NA147

Iowa:45658190104108107101110109102102126128130138134142131141143145131132139128127120118114121120132121127126131120122133NA141




Michigan:435251648390981018887728389103112107104109120111136120119121129111123124119118116127116119105126110119NA123NA128

Minnesota:28465469849598969398839110410790107105105110100115112107121118115113110110103108118108110122107114110122122NA139


Missouri:75759481106108117125116127117107116134123116119129125131119130133134132140133136138132142144149152177160148140NA169NA160

Nebraska:7998106121149143146141139139131120143136143157111157145158156154141135142145144135136136139139140147126131150128146130NA138




Ohio:557270888593110901021009095116130133145155159161157150153154143158143151151149147150163147158166153162164158164NA161






NA


Wisconsin:2833435263796961797662738882929310811095971029686898788798686808280817791868810091102NA107

:

Average, U.S. 1/:58758693104110112107115114103105127128126135130137135137138140132132137131132128127123129130133130133133136127137136NA138

NA = Not available.

1/ U.S. average is average of State's application rates, weighted by State's planted acres receiving fertilizer.


Table11

Table 11. Percentage of corn acreage receiving phosphate fertilizer, selected States

State196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005

Percent






Illinois:82879090939294899189948896969594939594949990868889839187858186837987748083797783NA84

Indiana:1001009999999799991009899981009997981009998989895959192949694899092899796979290879285NA93

Iowa:72788684848890899084818590908589879090848585838491858279777975778375817574627259NA70




Michigan:989698999899989710098971009796971009999961001009797949594908989938985909191929674NA86NA88

Minnesota:77798690958792928890889295938993919591899191908790899085878987879479919091898689NA86


Missouri:7884828885839088848683848982888987858781787177818579807675768573888492848281NA91NA79

Nebraska:44476070756771716974685765666272586961727270626372686864567272687980697582777076NA75


North Carolina:9999100100991009810010071979999999710098NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA91NA92828893NA89NA74


Ohio:97100991009999100999793979698989698989897979697939696979494929595909789969792928591NA87







Wisconsin:92979892989797969796989797979898959996969998979795959693959491948997968289918790NA84

:NA

Average, U.S. 1/:78828687898790889086878690888789879088888786848387848582828283818584838284787979NA81

NA = Not available.



Table12

Table 12. Phosphate used on corn, rate per fertilized acre receiving phosphate fertilizer, selected States

State196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005

Pounds




Florida:NANA4244524849NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA


Illinois:44566967777592677470756778838588839085818780798287748179777675758577727080778780NA76

Indiana:50687478807792767577746384847585777869757270756571787578666874686472615672667079NA77

Iowa:39435257646767586059625962646670686366626356575857575858575258606063616655695864NA64



Maryland:NANA8071716867748385757881NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA

Michigan:4856516070667766727657576364716967636564655558606152526352534951475043464651NA48NA45

Minnesota:36454555636061606664615861565160505351485045484952495150485051515349534763485348NA60


Missouri:3439524849565753605659515261595958635761565858575858585452535653555357615856NA62NA61

Nebraska:31333636373742434042383642404241334237424140364138363136373632313428353635363738NA37




Ohio:56566871757783708179686480908682798071787968737680727275697170708773717169736775NA75





Texas:37364250435540NANANANANA5349NA4745NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA37NA43484547NA45NA44


Wisconsin:46485651756469656161555560607157586057565749535656555244444443433942423539403241NA37

:

Average, U.S. 1/:41505760646471626664625867686869666765646560616163596060575657565757545457576059NA58

NA = Not available.



Table13

Table 13. Percentage of corn acreage receiving potash fertilizer, selected States

State196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005

Percent






Illinois:82868989949094879188928994979191909494949088828589858985848187848387708181827778NA84

Indiana:99999999999799989993969699969493969496899384868485878986847982828882908888848483NA88

Iowa:62717878808387848680798285898288858889858683818287838077737774768175817575626965NA92




Michigan:98959898989996979897959999989399971009998978995939590949085888885859487919174NA88NA81

Minnesota:69738188958591928689869294909093919490899186858587858683848383858681878676827873NA77


Missouri:7882828984829087848584838881888985848982787375828782807977778268878493848282NA88NA78

Nebraska:18152640494446435050494342373740353538454946373536283429292824293926211822272125NA22




Ohio:96100999999991009997949895979594100979796968994929493928991889091888689749483907885NA76





Texas:543645342431NANANANANANA4329NA4340NANANANANANANANANANANANANANA3443NA21402739NA37NA28


Wisconsin:92969892959797969797989697979699969696969795959697959593959391928893969190928889NA84

:

Average, U.S. 1/:72778082848285828680838284828182818484838279767578757773727172707372666766656864NA65

NA = Not available.



:

Table14

Table 14. Potash used on corn, rate per fertilized acre receiving potash, selected States

State196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005

Pounds




Florida:NANA5854716965NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA

Georgia:525667717374747274757568759998898790NANANANANANANANANANANANANA88NANANANANA79NANANA104

Illinois:405068707678926480838578929999109111109112111117114105110109101107104105106103106116107106115111115119110NA114

Indiana:578092919890101941091059788105103100109122106106107104115113107113110111112107114112107110107118116129121125138NA124

Iowa:26313845545863525655646267737375747375768073667378697468696371727673798169847183NA84



Maryland:NANA8279867874879694878499NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA

Michigan:424851717087738169767370747990859083929410810490104103105959587839010410110889878491NA100NA82

Minnesota:30364146616070616073696168776373767669666865626565636963646765656554715170596167NA71


Missouri:3137454446555549646164615969717171746779667366736972807270667075697175767267NA82NA75

Nebraska:11161218152322231821191925202026142117242522221622232220191915172214181411211820NA20




Ohio:535162707476847381828368821009110110611410498102971021091111011011039610510098989811910097120113101NA101






Virginia:717488898794901099410411096124105918380NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA

Wisconsin:454763737875827178868884105878991859191868469708277737469626460626169535451656370NA60

:

Average, U.S. 1/:41485760656772646971736778828084868686858784808585818481797980787981828179838585NA84

NA = Not available.



Table15

Table 15. Percentage of cotton acreage receiving nitrogen fertilizer, selected States

States196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005

Percent

Alabama:991001001001001001009910099100100989910010010099100100989899NANANANANANANANANANA1009997100NANA97NANA

Arizona:94929689959790918288978288928993909294909895939590959499949899959899989998NANA93NANA

Arkansas:979997989996959899979898979593989897979797100999999949996989693979792989710093NA97NANA

California:95969491949392909288848694959694959795959187929393979495979896999696989998NANA94NANA

Georgia:10099100100100100100100100100100100100100100869310010010010010092NANANANANANANANANA9995961009699NA100NANA

Louisiana:979390919297959898919898989899100969898100991001001009410099909886928891989910010095NA99NANA

Mississippi:991009897100100991001001001001001009999100999910099989896100981009910010095100100981009710010099NA99NANA

Missouri:10099949993949099100889796909691961009210010010098100NANANANANANANANANANA100NANA100NANA100NANA

New Mexico:63715267675761566164524556NANA7040654754665949NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA

North Carolina:100100981001009910010010098100100100NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA92989696NANA97NANA

Oklahoma:5155505141535044465047296160615567434357665946NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA

South Carolina:10010010010010099100999910010099100100NA1001001001001009810096NANANANANANANANANANA100NANANANANA95NANA

Tennessee:9810092979910096999510010010091969799100NA9710010099100NANANANANANANANANA1001009910099NANA97NANA

Texas:5055514745484850515355324959415350603941555756576863667065777879558268716352NA61NANA

:

Average, U.S. 1/:7779767273757274777479657578697171757168767680768079798180858687779084868376NA82NANA

NA = Not available.



Table16

Table 16. Nitrogen used on cotton, rate per fertilized acre receiving nitrogen, selected States

States196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005

Pounds



Arkansas:6872706863656763626968576566646259646769757084817980858688103110101977791938880NA94NANA











Texas:5962625551615757534648395245504543444152474945514548596966647162806362646863NA76NANA

:


NA = Not available.



Table17

Table 17. Percentage of cotton acreage receiving phosphate fertilizer, selected States

States196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005

Percent



Arkansas:5972777966686064727072677475627876596868807668757170837064767074668388827863NA84NANA



NANA






NANA




Texas:3840403937343030364147234045284543532831394744465653485348586063476256455437NA50NANA

:NANA


NA = Not available.



Table18

Table 18. Phosphate used on cotton, rate per fertilized acre receiving phosphate, selected States

States196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005

Pounds



Arkansas:3946444145464340444540404148423739403634383739434435364044484445385442404136NA41NANA











Texas:4644454344464542444543394347424539403040393935373837404144433838393738414038NA50NANA

:


NA = Not available.



Table19

Table 19. Percentage of cotton acreage receiving potash fertilizer, selected States

States196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005

Percent


Arizona:221112434222111322311497NA7381891022NA11413158NANA11NANA

Arkansas:6573767961686365706975727778748385627270827781797571877374748185719188858468NA90NANA

California:8NA466196129101710853546232NA16133105624211626131912NANA25NANA





New Mexico:NA59913NA6119516138NANA14212891423NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA





Texas:10111412181413121115249131591718211314182218232222202527262532202927232614NA20NANA

:


NA = Not available.



Table20

Table 20. Potash used on cotton, rate per fertilized acre receiving potash, selected States

States196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005

Pounds


Arizona:NA8154036121641393427221637265597341429612NA14NANA1024510NA444691839NANA33NANA

Arkansas:4851514755545350545046465560505153584846535165635862576166767375706776778273NA91NANA

California:26NA1674463124374950224370506744758439388711224NA3914403842NA39725872839758NANA84NANA





New Mexico:NA28234041NA17123118261822NANA1510193716146NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA





Texas:1618182018212117191417121614161614202022152113141312172320212015211619181919NA25NANA

:NA


NA = Not available.



Table21

Table 21. Percentage of soybean acreage receiving nitrogen fertilizer, selected States

State196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005

Percent

Alabama:NANANANANANANANANANANANANA7177666857495134344444NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA

Arkansas:23581215146141420101318161611131213146781011131112141516965171037NA10NA

DelawareNANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA59NANA37NANANANANANANANA

Georgia:NANANANANANANANANANANANANA7674715869465951545851496758554055NA61NANANANANANANANANANA

Illinois:5610986912111612912161011895139899910161310121017151177111018NA14NA

:

Indiana:23333646434052464254494648464151394025313523163031202219211917162316152871218NA15NA

Iowa:38151117687910787111076558149610991091087108161071553NA10NA

Kansas:12462116161991419126821121620NANANANANANANANANANA161111NANANA20162218NA24NA22NA

Kentucky:NANANANANANANANANANANANANA64545760NANANANA254228343536363727NA41NA32351713NA21NANANA

Louisiana:NANANA201614121414191791412191971291187379815342NA5413356NA2NANANA

:

MarylandNANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA23NANANA

Michigan:NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA63723137NA44NANANA

Minnesota:21110101918178132318117612137101019201210916161212151112151016181381311NA19NA

Mississippi:21816141413171512171126172114131513121758109101310810NA61116510912NANANA

Missouri:69172017151514231912898231417111511708121211816101211132315241520613NA20NA

:

Nebraska:653522221518916237971111142017211817281512142415192018252028312225302231NA25NA

North Carolina:NANA58505957496265625757494963616060445746464648545450475454NA44NA52365438NA36NANANA

North DakotaNANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA64NA64NA

Ohio:181927372838423747424742364133463828242322352321202120211514202320161921251720NA20NA

Pennsylvania:NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA53NA3746NANANANANA

South Carolina:NANA524462666561656360535261NA454344403241NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA

South Dakota:NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA161515NANANA35324738NA37NA42NA

Tennessee:NANA32354234383542453832474856445143333840332220302235272728NA192729193418NA42NANANA

VirginiaNANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA25NANANA

Wisconsin:NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA53NANA24NA40NANANA

:

Average, U.S. 1/:7111821211921192224221820242526232117202017181516171716151413171520171818NA20NA21NA

NA = Not available.


Source: Taylor (1964-93), NASS Agricultural Chemical Usage (1994-2005).

Table22

Table 22. Nitrogen used on soybeans, rate per fertilized acre receiving nitrogen, selected States

State196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005

Pounds


Arkansas:401928241113151214111618192816171617171521241418281638223142344626475029613424NA31NA



Illinois:881817149253012191111121614152018201731161439201725212024332422112420154020NA36NA

:

Indiana:689711981111910910111111111211910141114181216151212192131482921291717NA38NA

Iowa:4176121081110111099121411111820321423101413241634452415272826181930491726NA39NA



Louisiana:NANANA1410121317152019141412151819261713132117151824233320NANA331431132529NA11NANANA

:



Minnesota:15896108171020121542211016161330131618261317211616392817191915142320171620NA30NA

Mississippi:44102417219171727192317172217171324151216161610371643291716NA131316192223NA22NANANA

Missouri:7148161112101417101726121317192214212322121431242521192321315621242115262018NA24NA

:

Nebraska:292193227321114192722232523213019232113181415321632151714214012181517142116NA20NA


North DakotaNANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA32NA26NA25NA

Ohio:1110791010111212121311111215121214101014131413171411171517181434162015202415NA22NA

Pennsylvania:17NA21NANANANANANA

:






Average, U.S. 1/:141012131512141514141515141617161718171817151520221824252221252924252321242421NA28NA

NA = Not available.



Table23

Table 23. Percentage of soybean acreage receiving phosphate fertilizer, selected States

State196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005

Percent


Arkansas:141923232628353335273126293535353132212626211522212724263133312845292943303036NA38NA



Illinois:61017131011121718271515232318201917142317171720252327221920202623231214161225NA18NA

:

Indiana:374148555152575047625451545456614947343848383141413133283129282133222636152024NA25NA

Iowa:69181522121311131611119151312898121612815101611912111211122313172297NA11NA




:



Minnesota:41312142520221011252110109142111111121241491120171210161113151420171391312NA18NA


Missouri:6111820171616172723131191528252619231610211920212014192019182025284723282429NA35NA

:

Nebraska:1210302516132092219677119172015231915251810112812171812251650311925202136NA28NA


North DakotaNANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA41NA59NA63NA

Ohio:232633423346454253485346495238564839353439484140353729342931322924262935323027NA24NA

Pennsylvania:NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA55NA41NANANANANANA

:







NA = Not available.



Table24

Table 24. Phosphate used on soybeans, rate per fertilized acre receiving phosphate, selected States

State196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005

Pounds


Arkansas:323535413938393942374446364041384338383840363944453753404846495048586352434955NA55NA



Illinois:243256515754364148554443494750577363666362614557675458605357627456716045477554NA103NA

:

Indiana:222825252842312941373832343739384436393541404946404841413945374545544853655248NA88NA

Iowa:373021303953443436423327333933364254544652345145335040515751434149534755474870NA90NA




:

Maryland:NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA35NANANA


Minnesota:372120243027352544312644313427362931303838342026573434414235395047413333353438NA60NA


Missouri:223930313443293037344338434143494757454958444643494141434337445454445045684544NA72NA

:

Nebraska:292336272444433334292915374450364732293329272727243640323132363843423729403647NA57NA


North Dakota:NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA32NA32NA48NA

Ohio:283633333637363838444237394242463854433753374252465548494749475046495751504749NA68NA


:




Virginia:NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA46NANANA


Average, U.S. 1/:303234373741373942424140424545464646434546434347484647474746475449504846484949NA69NA

NA = Not available.



Table25

Table 25. Percentage of soybean acreage receiving potash fertilizer, selected States

State196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005

Percent


Arkansas:122121222428363538293228323637363334212621241723222926293137323043302940312435NA38NA



Illinois:71417171511162022281718282619232121173222212226343334272626313134342428292238NA32NA

:

Indiana:364147565152575248635855555554645151444249503745494144353941383444365136333646NA40NA

Iowa:581614211213111416111191513128991118111017121814101413121214251422221012NA15NA

Kansas:8431710141129194NA811874NANANANANANANANANANA104*NANANA151115NRNA8NA22NA



:



Minnesota:4121114232122101224211012111421151411202519101220161310141414171022913241210NA16NA


Missouri:71119201818171727251413121629302921241814232326272315212221232028355323272236NA38NA

:

Nebraska:6NA13196613716156678811135151391076813588512111116816151011NA7NA



Ohio:202632413446464254485447505240575147384045585548465047484449483736604247474156NA43NA


:






:


NA = Not available.



Table26

Table 26. Potash used on soybeans, rate per fertilized acre receiving potash, selected States

State196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005

Pounds


Arkansas:394238424242494748505250565457525651495248555862625767567168646360667466717763NA81NA



Illinois:425872667371744863697356796785929711396969993881051018596918690971109910312410395105105NA164NA

:

Indiana:2930333431484342516060555252596975768767679984667881907984918510810210888110112109104NA150NA

Iowa:2829192434534945354844345949395261656449695962556568567372735664768052725966127NA103NA

Kansas:520201724325424312116NA2646282628NANANANANANANANANANA3430NANANANA533018NANA26NA52NA



:



Minnesota:732623274035823862393953645636564872525663624251515162534762667569935658694852NA76NA


Missouri:294035333945373943465561596065728277666876606967746963685964708071807370695787NA109NA

:

Nebraska:43247182311122216141624201818322014221213101516233220103021141721252492628NA37NA



Ohio:2740313139333739475150384747525364897173102748196102931059189941038510211497949288103NA148NA


:


South Dakota:NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA3218NANANANA2382723NA39NA36NA




Average, U.S. 1/:373941424548514851555553606062677076687072727175797481767579828585888178768489NA121NA

NA = Not available.



Table27

Table 27. Percentage of wheat acreage receiving nitrogen fertilizer, selected States

State196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005

Percent

Arkansas:NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA72909310097100100100NANANANANANANA92NANANANANA

California:NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA9491828692NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA

Colorado:9718131366109816189111014253523395664666264645463676762776878NA87NA64NA59NA

Georgia:NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA98NANANANANANANA

Idaho:4641404842505659717172657977818480878593888988929090NA7891959194979897NA90NANANA91NA

Illinois:92858588888592999365968789959293959487828992879798981009698999794NA9198NA98NA96NA98NA

Indiana:9699999597839199979999100999686979910094958491771009695NA9798NANANANANANA97NANANANANANA

Kansas:3940505159505148606668687371637076767582848179868987888987878990947892NA94NA91NA90NA

Kentucky:NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA80NANANANANA

Louisiana:NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA91NANANANANANANA

Michigan:95999910097989996911009798989896949810098100NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA97NA

Minnesota:767864868890868796919290959198969396NA9595949988100999796969498959898100NA94NA89NA98NA

MississippiNANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA100NANANANANANANA

Missouri:9595929392939094918199959693968495959493879180969996969996969888NA9298NA96NA97NA97NA

Montana:617142832323037433837434747455645476359646559586959636068767981838369NA88NA70NA85NA

Nebraska:2525263943484344455172555856465757625659588170707376798077758180869285NA90NA79NA73NA

North Carolina:NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA91NA88NANANANANA

North Dakota:424341485265696368736357655158654957NA71727281807573667483908989919897NA93NA95NA97NA

Ohio:97100999995989910098999710097999497991008499949299931009597991009999100NA100100NA94NA98NA100NA

Oklahoma:5860605258577070636565658273627989848170818381898695919294969596759095NA97NA92NA92NA

Oregon:9486925978548183898982878184728890909595969596969997NA989793999810010099NA99NANANA95NA

Pennsylvania:NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA81NANANANANANANANA

South Dakota:6716252333324131394229532421192544NA43476268617344515465666972788688NA93NANANA91NA

Texas:3944465041345147464265375944493248575554716243697072667269777073787875NA55NA62NA64NA

Washington:81707788948292909298879793999696999997100989696981009898989798999610098100NA100NA99NA98NA

Average, U.S.1/:4748495356566157626366637164616567707072767779808381798083868787878789898988868687NA

NA = Not available.

IR = Insufficient coverage to represent national average.

Estimates are averages of percents of acres of planted winter, durum, and spring wheat receiving fertilizer, weighted by the harvested acres of winter wheat and the planted acres of durum and spring wheat.

1/ U.S. average for all wheat is the average of estimates for all wheat from all reported surveyed States, weighted by the harvested acres of winter wheat and the planted acres of durum and spring wheat receiving fertilizer.


Table28

Table 28. Nitrogen used on wheat, rate per fertilized acre receiving nitrogen, selected States

State196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005

Percent

Arkansas:NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA146112103949910096101NANANANANANANANA101NANANANA

California:NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA10212110698105NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA

Colorado:134822543118433261543539565840435248364441494237434541483950424848413651NA39NA5238NA

Georgia:NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA97NANANANANANA

Idaho:415665776760667660716996748472768189938910889899210095NA1009310296113113115124117NA108NANA129NA

Illinois:3232434441424659566057505754575569658276748472889890858786871059292NA9998NA86NA95115NA

Indiana:3940454650484852535853596163586364848068877477737276NA8088NANANANANANANA87NANANANANA

Kansas:262735364250464751544947524950505654565257575954535349585855595657565961NA57NA6687NA

Kentucky:NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA97NANANANA

Louisiana:NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA101NANANANANANA

Michigan:3528332635313741364038374951524851645464NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA115NA

Minnesota:161518243432362458545254626368736957NA72606776831037283868698938383918785NA90NA72108NA

MississippiNANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA139NANANANANANA

Missouri:36404451445361497879535063615358687069767272738790868489778486101101NA103105NA86NA89124NA

Montana:51011698101214141311172024282323363240283038383444333235474444514555NA57NA4353NA

Nebraska:424234273436404340514543484843494550474949454656434150424748434848445443NA49NA4857NA

North Carolina:NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA96NA124NANANANA

North Dakota:9910101114151818232125323333414339NA4643384451474142505566756364667069NA72NA72104NA

Ohio:263434423937374243414049566146566974655865777271707975778979828585NA8589NA102NA84100NA

Oklahoma:293138333941474949615445545758606564635665676464707565677368697271546561NA66NA63100NA

Oregon:4160395256474155464769667872677473906587666679727375NA586362636969769072NA62NANA78NA

Pennsylvania:NANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANA51NANANANANANANA

South Dakota:132215141923201927242321302824192744NA3221324639425439414251524444495856NA57NANA89NA

Texas:765662846985801018210382747277112937470839195776890808988867779898584818474NA85NA7486NA

Washington:385356698679646063676970697176657367827683747369696665727565717777836971NA60NA7391NA

Average, U.S. 1/:2731323536383940464846465153525458585960626060626462596263646765656767696868686790NA

NA = Not available.

Estimates are the weighted averages of the application rates reported by NASS for winter, durum and spring wheat weighted by the harvest acres of winter wheat, and the planted acres of durum and spring wheat.

1/ U.S. average for all wheat is the average of estimates for all wheat from all reported surveyed States, weighted by the harvested acres of winter wheat and the planted acres of durum and spring wheat receiving fertilizer


William Quinby:Only Western States surveyed

William Quinby:Only one State surveyed

Table29

Table 29. Percentage of wheat acreage receiving phosphate fertilizer, selected States

State19641965196619671968196919701971197219731974197519761977197819791980198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004

an integrated study of nutrient leaching and greenhouse gas emissions

Documents