an algorithm for estimating the grounding resistance of complex grounding systems resistance...
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DESCRIPTION
Abstract – In cases where the grounding system is buried in soils characterized by poor contact with the electrodes (e.g. karst and sandy terrains), the contact resistance frequently represents a dominant component of the total grounding resistance. In such cases, estimation of the grounding resistance by conventional formulas given in the literature is useless, because they do not take into account the contact resistance. An algorithm for estimating the total grounding resistance of complex grounding systems, with the contact resistance included, was developed and presented in this paper. The algorithm is applied to a grounding system of a typical 110 kV transmission line tower used in the Serbian transmission power system. The set of simple formulas by which the total grounding resistance of the analyzed grounding system can easily be calculated is also derived. The obtained results are validated using 3D FEM modeling. It was shown that the total grounding resistances determined by the proposed algorithm deviate less than 4% from those obtained by FEM calculations. Since the proposed algorithm is general and can be applied to any complex grounding system, it represents a powerful tool for estimating the grounding resistance in an early stage of the design process.