encyclopedia of training and development - manu melwin joy

Everything about Training and Development

Prepared By Manu Melwin Joy

Assistant ProfessorSCMS School of Technology and Management

Kerala, India.Phone – 9744551114

Mail – manu_melwinjoy@yahoo.com

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Introduction to Training and Development

• Training and development is a crucial component of the human resource development. With the arrival of advanced technology, it is assuming even more important role to compete with ever increasing competition, rise in customer’s expectation of quality and service and a subsequent need to lower costs.

• Alternatively, it helps in preparing employees for new jobs and global work environment. According to the noted management author Peter Drucker, the replacement of industrial workers with knowledge workers may result in training and development becoming the fastest growing industry.

• A global survey results showed that technology is de-skilling 75 % of the population. This is true for the developing nations and for those who are on the threshold of development.

• For instance, in Japan, with more women joining conventional male jobs, training is required not only to impart necessary job skills but also for preparing them for the physically demanding jobs. They are trained in everything from sexual harassment policies to the necessary job skills.

• Training is different form education; particularly formal education. The education is concerned mainly with enhancement of knowledge, but the aims of training are increasing knowledge while changing attitudes and competences in good manner.

• In the field of Human Resources Management, Training and Development is the field concern with organizational activities which are aimed to bettering individual and group performances in organizational settings.

• Training and Development is the framework for helping employees to develop their personal and organizational skills, knowledge, and abilities. The focus of all aspects of Human Resource Development is on developing the most superior workforce so that the organization and individual employees can accomplish their work goals in service to customers.

• Raw human resources can make only limited contribution to the organization to achieve its goals and objectives. Hence the demands for the developed employees are continuously increasing. Thus the training is a kind of investment.

Meaning of Training and DevelopmentTraining and Development

Meaning of Training and Development

• Training constitutes a basic concept in human resource development and is concerned with developing a particular skill to a desired standard by instruction and practice.

• It is regarded as a function concerned with organizational activity aimed at bettering the job performance of individuals and groups in organizational settings.

• It can be considered as an educational process consisting of the sharpening of skills, concepts, changing of attitude and gaining more knowledge to enhance the performance of employees.

• Training is a highly useful

tool that can bring an

employee into a position

where they can do their

job correctly, effectively,

and conscientiously.

• It has assumed many different names such including "Human Resource Development", "Human Capital Development" and "Learning and Development".

• Whatever be the name, in

short, training is the act of

increasing the knowledge

and skill of an employee

for doing a particular job.

Definition of Training and DevelopmentTraining and Development

Definition of Training and Development

• Dale S. Beach: Training as

‘the organized procedure

by which people learn

knowledge and/or skill for

a definite purpose’.

• Edwin Flippo: Training is

the act of increasing the

skills of an employee for

doing a particular job.

• Jack Halloran: Training is

the process of

transmitting and receiving

information related to

problem solving.

• Mathis and Jackson: Training is a learning process whereby people learn skills, concept, attitudes and knowledge to aid in the achievement of goals.

• Gary Dessler: Training is

the process of teaching

new employees the basic

skills they need to perform

their jobs

• Decenzo & Robbins: programs that are more present day oriented, focuses on individual’s current jobs, enhancing specific skills and abilities to immediately perform their job called training.

• Ricky W. Griffin: Training

usually refers to the

teaching operational or

technical employees how

to do the job for which

they were hired.

• Leonard Nadler: Development is a series of organized activities, conducted within a specialized time and designed to produce behavioral changes.

• M.M. Khan: Development is the process of increasing knowledge, capabilities and positive work attitudes of all people working at all levels in a business undertaking.

Need for Training and DevelopmentTraining and Development

Need for Training and Development

• Irrespective of the qualifications and skills, all firms should provide training to all the employees. The need for training and development can be substantiated with the following points:

• Rapid Changes: Change is happening at a fast pace which forces organizations to upgrade the skills of their employees. The firm should train the employees to enrich them with the latest technology and knowledge

• Complexity of Organizations: With the advent of latest innovations and advanced technologies, the environment in most of the organizations has become extremely complex. This has exacerbated the problems of coordination. So, in order to cope up with the complexities, training has become mandatory.

• People Relations: All organizations have to maintain very good people relations, and this has made training as one of the basic conditions to deal with human problems.

• Person Organization Fit: Special care should be taken to match employee specifications with the job requirements and organizational needs. An individual’s specification may not exactly suit to the requirements of the job and the firm, irrespective of past experience and skills. There is always a gap between a person's present specifications and the organization’s requirements. For filling this gap training is required.

• Altering Job Assignment: Training is crucial when the existing employee is promoted to the higher level or transferred to another department. Training is also required to equip the old employees with new techniques and technologies.

Benefits of Training and DevelopmentTraining and Development

Benefits of Training and Development

• Enhancing Employee Morale: Training facilitates the individual to get job security and job satisfaction. A satisfied employee has greater is his morale and will contribute to the firm's success and bring down employee absenteeism and turnover.

• Less Supervision: When organizations are investing more in training and development, employees become more efficient. A well trained employee will know his job better and will need less of supervision. Thus, there will be less wastage of time and efforts.

• Fewer Accidents: When employees lack the right kind of skills and knowledge, they are liable to make mistakes. The more trained an employee is, the less are the chances of committing accidents in job and the more proficient the employee becomes.

• Promotion Opportunities: Individuals acquire skills and efficiency during training process and become more eligible for promotion. When employees become proficient in what they are doing, they become an asset for the firm.

• Better Productivity- Training improves efficiency and productivity of employees. Well trained employees show both quantity and quality performance. There is less wastage of time, money and resources if employees are properly trained.

Significance of Training and DevelopmentTraining and Development

Significance of Training and Development

• Training is crucial for organizational development and success. An employee will become more efficient and productive if he is trained well. Training and development are very vital in any firm that aims at progressing.

• Training simply refers to the process of acquiring the essential skills required for a certain job. This process is important because of multiple reasons:

• Addressing Employee Weaknesses: – Most employees have certain

weaknesses in their workplace, which stop them from utilizing their full potential. Training helps in eliminating these weaknesses, by strengthening workers skills.

• Addressing Employee Weaknesses: – A structured training and

development program helps employees gain similar skills and knowledge, thus bringing them all to a higher uniform level. This simply means that the whole labourforce is reliable, so the firm doesn’t have to rely only on specific employees.

• Enhanced Employee Performance: – A well trained individual

becomes more informed about procedures for various tasks. The employee becomes more confident by training and development.

• Enhanced Employee Performance: – This confidence comes from

the fact that he is fully aware of his roles and responsibilities. It helps him in carrying out the duties in better way and even find new ideas to incorporate in the daily execution of duty.

• Consistent Performance: – An efficient training and

development program gives the employees all the relevant knowledge and experience needed to excel at the job.

• Consistent Performance: – Consistency is very vital when

it comes to an firm’s procedures and policies. This mostly includes administrative procedures and ethics during execution of duty.

• Employee Satisfaction: – Training and development

ensures employee satisfaction and they tend to be happy with the role they play in the company or organization. This is driven by the great ability they gain to execute their duties.

• Employee Satisfaction:

– They feel they belong to the

firm that they work for and

the only way to reward it is

giving the best services they

• Better Productivity:

– Through training and

development, the worker

obtains all the knowledge and

skills needed in their day to

day work.

• Better Productivity: – They can perform at a faster

rate and with efficiency thus increasing overall productivity of the company. They also gain new tactics of overcoming challenges when they face them.

• Improved Quality of Services and Products: – People gain standard

methods to use in their tasks. They are also able to maintain uniformity in the output they give. This results with a firm that gives satisfying services or goods.

• Cost Reduction:

– Training and development

results with optimal utilization

of resources in a firm. There is

no wastage of resources, which

may cause extra expenses.

• Cost Reduction:

– Accidents are also reduced

during working. All the

machines and resources are

used economically, reducing

expenditure.

• Less Supervision: – When employees gain the

necessary skills and knowledge, they will become more confident. They will become self reliant and require only little guidance as they perform their tasks.

• Less Supervision: – The supervisor can depend on

the worker’s decision to give quality output. This relieves supervisors the burden of constantly having to give directives on what should be done.

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