common cattle diseases

Common diseases of cattle - in pathology view (in India)

Dr.Pavulraj. SM.V.Sc., Scholar(NRCE)Division of Pathology

Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly,

U.P., India

1Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

List of common diseasesBacterial diseases• Tuberculosis• Paratuberculosis• Brucellosis • Hemorrhagic septicemia• Joint ill/ naval ill/ omphalitisViral diseases• Foot and mouth diseases• Infectious bovine rhino tracheitis• RinderpestHaemoprotozoan disease• Theileriosis Parasitic disease• Fascioliasis

2Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Tuberculosis

• Chronic bacterial disease of animal • Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,

M.bovis• Characterized by presence of tubercle nodules

in lungs, spleen, lymphnodes

3Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Granuloma in the lungs

4Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Consolidation of lung

5Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Tuberculous granuloma in the mediastinal lymph node

6Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Nodules of tubercle present in lung containing cheesy mass

7Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Granulomatous lesion in LN, liver, intestine

8Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Spleen- Caseous nodules on the surface

9Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

TB- Nodules on the diaphragm, liver and spleen

10Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Tubercle in pleura, masentry, peritoneum – pearl’s disease

11Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Uterus -Endometrium contains numerous raised tubercles

12Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

TB- Mastitis and granuloma in the bone marrow

13Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Differential diagnosis

• Lung abscesses • Pleurisy and pericarditis - traumatic reticulitis • Contagious bovine pleuro pneumonia

14Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Paratuberculosis

• A chronic bacterial disease of bovine, ovine and caprine

• Caused by Mycobacterium avium sub sp. paratuberculosis

• Characterized by dehydration, emaciation, chronic diarrrhoea and thickening of intestine - corrugations

15Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Emaciation and cachexia

16Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Mesenteric lymph nodes enlarged

17Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Thickened, edematous ileum and distended lymphatics on the serosal surface

18Dr.Pavulraj.S, (copy right protected) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Thickening of intestine wall

19Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Presence of corrugations

20Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Corrugations can’t be removed even after stretching of intestine wall – look like brain

21Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Differential diagnosis

• Parasitism• Malnutrition

22Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Brucellosis

• It is a infectious bacterial disease of animals• Characterized by abortion in late gestation and

formation of granulomatous lesions in genital organs, joints, fetal liver and indurations of mammary glands

• Caused by Brucella abortus in cattle

23Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Necrosis of cotyledons

yellowish granular necrotic areas in cotyledons and chorion is opaque and thickened with a leathery consistency. Called leathery placenta.

Edematous placenta

24Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Edema of fetus, serosanguinous fluid in body cavities

25Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Pneumonia and necrotic foci in liver of fetus

26Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Enlarged scrotum in males

27Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Orchitis

28Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Hygroma

29Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Differential diagnosis

• IBR• Vibriosis• Leptospirosis• Trichomoniasis• Nutritional and physiological causes

30Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Hemorrhagic septicemia

• Highly contagious bacterial disease of bovine• Characterized by edematous swelling in neck

region, pneumonia and wide spread of hemorrhage in visceral organs

• Caused by Pasteurella multocida

31Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Edema of neck and brisket region

32Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Subcutaneous edema

33Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Serosanguinous fluid in peritoneal, pleural and pericardial cavity

Serosanguinous fluid in pericardial cavity

34Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Epicardial hemorrhages

35Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

HS- Petechial on the Heart and Lung

36Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Pneumonia

37Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Lungs – congested and consolidated – marbling

- Fibrinous bronchopneumonia38Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc.,

Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

HS- Hemorrhage on the serosal surface

39Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Hemorrhagic gastro-enteritis

40Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

HS- Chronic cases- Necrotic patch on the liver

41Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Hemorrhage - Brain

42Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Differential diagnosis

• Anthrax • Blackleg • Acute leptospirosis• Rinderpest

43Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Foot and mouth

• It is a contagious viral disease of cloven footed animals

• Caused by Picorna virus• Characterized by presence of vesicles in oral

mucosa and foot

44Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

FMD: Mouth lesions

45Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Ruptured vesicle in gum

46Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Vesicles causing extensive erosion in mouth

47Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Infected FMD lesion - tongue

48Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Ulceration of tongue

49Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Rupture of vesicle leading to necrotic area in feet

50Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Vesicle on teat

51Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Ruptured vesicle in the teat

52Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Erosions on the ruminal mucosa

53Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Tigroid appearance - Degeneration and necrosis in myocardium

54Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Differential diagnosis

• Vesicular stomatitis• Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis• Malignant catarrhal fever• Bovine viral diarrhea• Rinderpest

55Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Infectious bovine rhino tracheitis

• Infectious viral disease of cattle• Caused by Herpes virus• Characterized by conjunctivitis, hemorrhagic

tracheitis, encephalitis in calves and abortion and mastitis in cows

56Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Congested mucus membrane

57Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Purulent oculo-nasal discharge

58Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Necrotic white plaques in nasal mucosaNecrotic plaques on the mucosa and

mucocutaneous junction

59Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Multifocal white plaques - palpebral conjunctiva

60Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Hemorrhagic laryngotracheitis

61Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Rhinotracheitis, mucopurulent exudate in trachea

Nasal septum necrosis

62Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Pustules in vulva/vagina, glans penis and prepuce

63Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Necrotic lesion in liver of aborted fetus

64Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Differential diagnosis

• Shipping Fever • Malignant Catarrhal Fever • Pinkeye • Mucosal Disease

65Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Rinderpest

• Is a acute contagious viral disease caused by Morbilli virus

• Characterized by erosive mouth lesions and hemorrhagic enteritis

• Has been eradicated from India (25 -06-2006)

66Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

• Salivation: excessive & frothy

• Serous oculonasal discharge

67Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Conjunctivitis

68Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Necrosis and erosion of the gum above the dental pad and inside the upper lip

69Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Erosions in the inside of the upper lip

70Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Ulcer on lower lip

71Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Necrotic Peyer's patches

72Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Rectum - Hyperemia of the longitudinal folds (zebra striping)

73Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Zebra marking in large intestine

Some time petechial hemorrhage in bladder, vagina and other mucous membrane 74Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc.,

Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Differential diagnosis

• Mucosal disease• Malignant catarrhal fever• Foot and mouth disease

75Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Theileriosis

• Infectious disease of animal caused by haemoprotozoan parasite

• Characterized by enlargement of lymph nodes, pulmonary edema, hemorrhage in kidneys and liver, ulcers in abomasum and catarrhal enteritis

• Etiology – Theileria annulata

76Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Lymph node enlargement

77Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Enlarged and hemorrhagic lymph nodes

78Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Abomasal ulcers

79Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Swollen edematous lungs & interstitial pneumonia

80Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Other lesions

• Enlarged and mottled liver • Infarcts, thrombosis and lymphoid

hypertrophy in spleen • Hemorrhagic and ulcerative enteritis

81Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Differential diagnosis

• Hemorrhagic septicemia• Babesiosis • Malignant catarrhal fever

82Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Fascioliasis

• Fascioliasis is caused by different liver flukes(Trematode)

• Etiology – Fasciola gigantica – Fasciola hepatica – Fasciola magna - one of the largest of flukes

83Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

• Emaciated, anemic or edematous carcass in severe chronic infestations

• Presence of flukes in enlarged and thickened bile ducts and in the liver parenchyma

• Hepatic abscesses and secondary bacterial infection

• Calcification of bile ducts • Hemorrhagic tracts of migratory immature flukes

in the liver and some time lungs in an acute infestation

• Icterus due to liver damage

84Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Submandibular edema

85Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Flukes in bile ducts and liver parenchyma

86Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Thickening of bile duct

87Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Young fluke of Fasciola magna

88Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Joint ill/ naval ill/ omphalitis

• Infectious disease of newborn animal• Infection start at umbilicus and spread to joints• Characterized by swelling of umblilicus & joints

and drainage of pus• Caused by– E.coli– Staphylococcus sp.,– Actinomyces pyogenes

89Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

• Seen in colostrum denied young calves• Infection of umbilicus lead to omphalitis &

cystitis• Bacterial infection produce bacteremia and

infect joints leading to arthritis• Abscess formation and congestion of visceral

organs

90Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Swelling of umbilicus

91Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Swelling of the joints

Septic arthritis involving the distal limb, fetlocks and pastern joints in all limbs

92Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Discharge of pus from the joints

Large fibrin clots in the carpal joint Edematous, hyperemicsynovial membrane

93Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Liver abscess

94Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Grey foci in renal cortex and hemorrhage in medulla

95Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Differential diagnosis

• Hematoma – contain blood• Umbilical hernia – hernial ring, sac, contents• Patent urachus – retention of urine

96Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023

Wednesday, May 3, 2023 Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), India 97

Thank youFor your kind attention and

reading. Be the best and proud to be a ‘Great

Veterinarian’

References

• Color atlas of diseases and disorders of cattle -Roger W.Blowey• Rebhun’s Disease of dairy cattle -Thomas J.Divers • Veterinary pathology -RS Chauhan• http://compepid.tuskegee.edu• http://www.fao.org

98Dr.Pavulraj.S, (original author) M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI(NRCE), IndiaWednesday, May 3, 2023