amh 2010 chapter 1

51
Give Me Liberty!: An American history Chapter 1 A New World

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Chapter 1 lecture for LSSC's AMH 2010.

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Page 1: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

Give Me Liberty!:An American history

Chapter 1 A New World

Page 2: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

Table 1.1 Estimated Regional Populations:The Americas, ca.1500

Table 1.2 Estimated Regional Populations:The World, ca. 1500

Page 3: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

The First Americans

The Settling of the Americas – main theory

A map of the probable routes by the first Americans.

Page 4: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

Alternate theories:Europe,

Polynesia, Asia?

Page 5: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

Map 1.2 Native ways of life, ca.1500

Indian Societies of the Americas

The First Americans

Page 6: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

The First Americans

Mound Builders of the Mississippi River Valley

Page 7: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

Cahokia – near St. Louis

Page 8: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

The First AmericansWestern Indians

A modern aerial photograph of the ruins of Pueblo Bonita

Chaco CanyonCliff dwellings

Page 9: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

The First Americans•Indians of Eastern North America

The Village of Secoton

Page 10: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

Map 1.2 Native ways of life, ca.1500

Page 11: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

The First Americans

Native American Religion

A drawing by the artist John White showing Native Americans performing a religious ritual.`

Page 12: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

The First Americans

Land and Property

A Catawba map

Indians fishing

Page 13: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

The First Americans Gender Relations

Indian women planting crops

Page 14: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

The First Americans

European Views of the Indians

English engraving of contact between Englishmen and Indians

Page 15: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

Indian Freedom, European Freedom

Indian Freedom

A seventeenth-century engraving of an Indian village

Page 16: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

Indian Freedom, European Freedom

Christian Liberty

Freedom and Authority

Liberty and Liberties

Public displays of submission and deference were expected in Europe in the 1600s; Visions of Freedom

Knights kneel before their king.

Page 17: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

Map 1.3 The old world on the eve of American colonization, ca.1500

Page 18: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

The Expansion of EuropeConfirmed New World arrivals before 1492:

Vikings – 1000 AD

Polynesians on the West Coast by 1400 AD

map of known Viking voyages

Viking longship

Page 19: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

The Expansion of Europe

Chinese Power and Navigation

Chinese admiral Zheng He

Comparison of Chinese junk with Spanish caravel

map of known Chinese voyages in 1400

Page 20: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

A recently discovered Chinese map dating to 1750s. The map claims to be based on an earlier map from 1418!

Page 21: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

The Silk Road had existed for millennia. Europeans in the 1400s sought to reach China and its trade good for themselves.

The Silk Road

Page 22: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

The Expansion of Europe

Portugal and West Africa

Portuguese map of West Africa map of Portuguese voyages

Page 23: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

Map 1.3 The old world on the eve of American colonization, ca.1500

Page 24: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

The Expansion of Europe

Freedom and Slavery in Africa

Benin warriors ca. 1500

Engraving of Benin City in the 1500s

Page 25: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

Contact Columbus in the New World

Columbus’ Landfall, engraving from a 1493 pamphlet

a Spanish caravel of the type Columbus used

Page 26: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

Case Study: Hispaniola and slavery

Encomienda systemNative rebellionPopulation collapseLabor need creates market for African slavery

Page 27: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

Contact Exploration and Conquest

Elite Aztec jaguar warriors

Map of the Aztec empire in 1519

Page 28: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

Tenochtitlan, the Aztec capital

Page 29: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

Map of the Aztec capital

Page 30: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

Aztec art demonstrating ritual sacrifice

Page 31: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

Images depicting the fierce fighting between the Aztecs and the Spanish and their Indian allies

Page 32: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

Hernan Cortés, conquistador

Cortés receiving the tribute of conquered Aztecs

Cathedral of Mexico City A banner carried by the forces of Cortés

Page 33: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

Spanish New World conquests

Page 34: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

Contact The Demographic Disaster

The Columbian Exchange

Engraving from the Florentine Codex depicting the smallpox epidemic amongst the Aztecs

Table 1.1 Estimated Regional Populations:The Americas, ca.1500

Page 35: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

The impact of disease in Mexico, 1518-1623

Page 36: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

A humorous perspective on the Columbian Exchange.

Page 37: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

Overview: The Columbian Exchange

Page 38: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

Map 1.4 Voyages of Discovery

Page 39: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

The Spanish Empire

Governing Spanish America

Colonists in Spanish America

Colonists and Indians

A Spanish galleon ca. 1600, the primary means of communication and transport between Spanish colonies

Page 40: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

Four Racial Groups – This chart depicts different racial categories that defined social status in New Spain (Mexico) after the Conquest. The chart demonstrates that the impact of the Columbian Exchange was also felt in ethnic terms, as the mixing of Old and New World populations created new classes in the Americas. The social impact of these divisions can still be felt today.

Page 41: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

The Spanish Empire

Justifications for Conquest

Spreading the Faith

Piety and Profit

A benign view of Spanish colonization

a Spanish mission to the Indians in the 1790s

Page 42: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

The Spanish Empire

Las Casas’s Complaint

Reforming the Empire

Spanish conquistadores murdering

Page 43: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

Map 1.5 Spanish Conquests and Explorations in The New World, 1500–1600

The Spanish Empire

Exploring North America

Page 44: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

De Soto’s route through what is today the American southeast

Page 45: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

The Spanish Empire

Spanish Florida

Spain in the Southwest

The Pueblo Revolt

Spanish presence in North America, 1500-1600

Page 46: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

The French and Dutch Empires

French Colonization

New France and the Indians

Map 1.6 The New World-New France andNew Netherland, ca.)

the French help their native allies in combat, ca. 1613

Page 47: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

French fur trapper and Jesuit Father Marquette greet the natives along Great Lakes

Page 48: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

The French and Dutch Empires

The Dutch Empire

Dutch Freedom

A view of New Amsterdam, early 1600s

The seal of New Netherland, 1630

Page 49: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

The French and Dutch Empires

Freedom in New Netherland

Settling New Netherland

New Netherland and the Indians

Page 50: AMH 2010 Chapter 1

A map of the Western Hemisphere, ca. 1650

Page 51: AMH 2010 Chapter 1