americans, japanese: mutual respect 70 years after the end of wwii
TRANSCRIPT
Americans, Japanese: Mutual Respect 70 Years After the End of WWII
April 29, 2015 2www.pewresearch.org
Methodology
• Survey in the U.S. from February 12-15, 2015 of 1,000 respondents.
• Survey in Japan from January 30 to February 12, 2015 of 1,000 respondents.
• Based on nationally representative telephone interviews with adults 18 and older conducted under the direction of Princeton Survey Research Associates International.
• The margin of sampling error for the U.S. is ±3.6% and ±3.2% for Japan.
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Americans, Japanese Trust Each Other, Both Wary of China, Differ on Japan’s Military Role
COMPARATIVE VIEWS OF HISTORY
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Americans: WWII, Tsunami Most Important Events in U.S.-Japan Relations
31%
31
23
8
20%
17
36
14
U.S. Japan
2011 earthquake &tsunami in Japan
World War II
U.S.-Japan military alliance since World War II
U.S.-Japan “trade wars” of the 1980s & early 1990s
Which one of these events is most important to U.S.-Japan relations over the last 75 years?
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More than Half of Americans and Japanese Put WWII Behind Them
37%
48
29% 2824%
15
U.S. Japan
Yes, Japan has apologized sufficientlyNo, Japan has not apologized sufficientlyNo apology necessary
Has Japan apologized sufficiently for its actions during World War II?
Note: 2013 question wording asks about Japan’s “military actions during the 1930s and 1940s.”Source: Japan data from Spring 2013 Global Attitudes survey.
April 29, 2015 7www.pewresearch.org
But Japanese, Americans Disagree on Bombing of Hiroshima, Nagasaki
56%
14
34%
79
U.S. Japan
Justified Not justified
Using the atomic bomb on Japanese cities in 1945 was …
Note: Full question wording: “As you may know, the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945 near the end of World War II. Looking back, would you say using the atomic bomb on Japanese cities in 1945 was justified or was it not justified?”
BROAD, MUTUAL RESPECT
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Widespread American Trust in JapanU.S. can trust Japan a great deal/fair amount
68%
76
59
73
56
75
60
67
69
56
75
Total
Men
Women
White
Non-white
18-29
30-49
50-64
65+
At least some college
High school or less
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Japan Trusted by Republicans, Democrats, IndependentsU.S. can trust Japan a great deal/fair amount
69%66
71
Republican Democrat Independent
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Among Japanese Similarly Widespread Trust in the U.S.Japan can trust the U.S. a great deal/fair amount
75%
82
68
76
75
75
75
73
78
Total
Men
Women
18-29
30-49
50-64
65+
Junior college or more
High school or less
THE U.S.-JAPAN ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP
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Americans Now See Japan as a Fair TraderJapan has a __ trade policy with the U.S.
1989 1993 1997 2015‘89-’15 Change
% % % %
Fair 22 14 19 55 +33
Unfair 63 72 64 24 -39
Don’t know
15 11 16 20 +5
Note: 1997 data from “America’s Place in the World” survey. 1993 and 1989 data from the Times Mirror Center for the People & the Press.
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Americans See Japan, Not China, as Fair Trader
Japan/China has a __ trade policy with the U.S.
55%
37
24%
48
Japan China
Fair Unfair
THE U.S., JAPAN AND CHINA
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For Americans, China’s Rise Means Japan Relations Are More Important
The rise of China as a military and economic power makes relations between the U.S. & Japan …
60%
6
29
More important Less important Makes no difference
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Nevertheless, Americans Want Stronger Economic Ties with China
It is more important for the U.S. to have strong economic ties with …
43% 36%
12%9%
Neither (VOL)/Don't know
China
Both(VOL)
Japan
April 29, 2015 18www.pewresearch.org
And Americans Are Divided on Japan’s Future Military Role in Asia
Japan should __ in helping to maintain peace and stability in regional affairs
47%43
Play a more active military role Limit its military role
THE U.S.-JAPAN RELATIONSHIP THROUGH EACH OTHERS’ EYES
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Americans, Japanese See Each Other Through Different Lenses
American views of Japanese
Japanese views of Americans
% %
Hardworking 94 25
Inventive 75 67
Honest 71 37
Intolerant 36 29
Aggressive 31 50
Selfish 19 47
Which characteristics do you associate with __
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For Americans, the First Thing about Japan that Comes to Mind Is …What is the first thing that comes to mind when you think of Japan? Out of 1,000 Americans
surveyed, number saying …
Note: These are the numbers of respondents who offered each of the top responses. These are NOT percentages. Distinct words or phrases mentioned by at least 15 people shown.