COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE

I. AMERICA A. Spanish Colonial(1765- 1803)

1.colonies: Florida, Southern Texas, Rio Grande Valley, Arizona, Southern California, Mexico, Peru2.Building types:

Pueblos or civic town settlements Presidios or military bases Missions or churches

3.Architectural character Indigenous materials

Lime mortar with oyster shell aggregate adobe

Single storey with high ceiling Roofing evolved from thatched, red clay tiles and flat roof Vigas – portruding wooden beams Baroque elements Parapets

4.Structures:A. Mission San Xavier del bac

LOCATION

Tucson, Arizona DESIGNER

unknown

EXTERIOR White stucco walls ornate facade

INTERIOR mesquite wooden doors ornaments: statues, frescoes, moulding, paintings Latin cross layout

B. Castillo de San Marcos Fort

LOCATION -shore of Matanzas Bay, St. Agustine, Florida DESIGNER

-Engineer Ignacio Daza EXTERIOR

- Limestone : “coquina” -bastion system

C. Mission San Francisco de Asis

2. LOCATION

-Ranchos de Taos, New Mexico DESIGNER

-unknown EXTERIOR

- sculpted adobe walls -two bell towers -entrance with buttress

INTERIOR -with vigas or wooden ceiling beams

B. English colonial 1.colonies: Virginia, California, East Florida, West Florida, Carolinas, Georgia2.Building types:

Churches Houses

3.Architectural character Timber construction

Oak and Red Cedar Thatched roof Bricks Imported glass from England lined with lead Chimneys

4.StructuresA. St. Luke's Church

LOCATION -Smithfield, Virginia

DESIGNER -unknown

EXTERIOR -brickwork - steep pitched roof -Crow-stepped gables -eelipitical windows quoins

INTERIOR -destroyed

B. French Colonial 1.colonies: New Orleans, Louisiana, Mississippi River Valley, Missouri, Canada2.Building types

Forts Houses Churches Chateus Plantation houses

3.Architectural character Types of construction:

Poteaux-en-terre (posts on earth)

briquette-entre-poteaux (bricks between posts) potteaux sur sole (posts on a sill)

Large windows and french doors Steep or double-pitched roof Chimneys Shingles for roofing porch

4.structures:A. Buldoc House

LOCATION

-St. Genevieve, Mississippi DESIGNER - unknownn EXTERIOR

- steep double-pitched roof -shingle roofing -Chimneys -Frencdoors - Poteaux-en-terre construction

INTERIOR -N/A

B. Lafitte’s Blacksmith Shop

LOCATION

- New Orleans DESIGNER

unknownn EXTERIOR

- steep double-pitched roof -shingle roofing -Chimneys -Frencdoors - briquette-entre-poteaux construction

INTERIOR -N/A

C. Chateau St. Louis

LOCATION

- Quebec DESIGNER

-unknownn

EXTERIOR - steep roof -shingle roofing -Chimneys -porch -large windows

INTERIOR -N/A

B. Georgian Colonial 1.Colonies: Canada, Virginia, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hamsphire, Delaware, New

York, New Jersey, North and South Carolina2.Building types

Houses Mansions Churches

3.Architectural character Materials- Bricks andwhite painted wood Wooden column Multiple chimneys Has formal rooms instead of areas Roofs- Double slanted, Gable or hipped roof, crowned with balustrade Symmetrical plan and design Entrances- with pediments that is supported by a doric column

4.Structures:A. Mount Pleasant Mansion

2. LOCATION

Philiadelphia, Pennsylvania DESIGNER

-Arch. Thomas Nevell EXTERIOR

-bricks -Multiple chimneys -Symmetrical plan and design -Entrances- with pediments that is supported by a doric column -balustrade on roof

INTERIOR - cabinets with pediments and column mouldings

B. Massachusetts Hall

3.

LOCATION -Harvard University, Massachusetts

DESIGNER - Arch. John Leverett

EXTERIOR - brick wall -symetrical -presence of balustrade and chimbeys -large windows

INTERIOR -altered

B. Dutch Colonial 1.Colonies: New Amsterdam, Hudson River Valley (New York), and Bergen (New Jersey)2.Building types

Houses Farmhouses

3.Architectural character Materials- bricks and stones Gambrel roof Dutch doors Symmetrical or balanced asymmetrical facade Flared eaves 1 and ½ storey or 2 storey Side entry Dormer windows Gable end chimneys Covered porch with overhanging roof supported by decorative column

4.Structures:A. N/A

2.

LOCATION -N/A

DESIGNER -N/A

EXTERIOR - side entry -dormer windows -gambrel roof -gable end chimneys -bricks -porch

INTERIOR -N/A