america and wwi best
TRANSCRIPT
America and WWI
CausesA. Triple Alliance-Germany, Austria-Hungary, and ItalyB. Triple Entente-France Britain Russia
1. these countries had treaty to help each other if attacked2. Balance of Power- no one country more powerful3.treaties caused tension
C. Militarism-countries build up weapons and forcesD. Imperialism-disputes between Europeans over distant coloniesE. Nationalism- some extreme nationalists causing tension (pride in country)
The Last StrawA. Murder in Sarajevo (6/1914)
1. Serb nationalist (Blackhand) kills heir to Austrian throne.B. Austria attacks Serbia
1.Germans aid Austrian because of Triple Alliance2. called The Central Powers
C. Russia protects Serbians1. Britain, Belgium and France help because of Triple Entente2. called the Allies
D. Because of militarization war escalates (grows) to much of western world
III. War on two fronts (war fought in two different places)
A. Fronts caused by German Attack1. French stop and split German forces in half
B. Western Front-France1.Trench Warfare- trenches with bob wire covers2.New weapons- machine guns, bombs, poison gas, planes3.Stalemate-no real wins, battles a draw
a. made war long
C. Eastern Front-Russia1. Russian badly beaten, starving, many killed2. Russian Revolution-people overthrow government3. Czar Nicholas out and family executed4. New Bolshevik gov’t backs out of war.
WWI and AmericaD. Other fronts and Allies
1. Italy2. China, Japan, Australia and New Zealand
a. take German colonies3. Ottoman Empire (Turkey)4. Africa, Middle East
E. USA- neutral until Zimmerman Note – Germans ask Mexico to invade USSinking of Lusitanian by German U-Boat (sub)
1. Many Americans killed2. Joined Allies-already providing material support3. Protect USA $ in Europe
USA involvement won war in one year4. John J Pershing is commander of American Expeditionary Force (AEF)- kept separate from European forces.5. Veteran’s Day- Nov 11th is the day the WWI ended.
Alvin York- captured 132 Germans , almost single-handedly. Billy Mitchell- father of
modern Air Force
James Reese Europe- father of Ragtime, in Harlem Hellfighters -369 Infantry Regiment NY
Doughnut Girls-Salvation Army workers
World War I: Over HereCreated labor shortages.
1000’s of African Americans left the South for jobs in North.
Established large black communities in Northern cities.
New York, Philadelphia, and Chicago.
Labor shortages provided jobs for women and minorities
Streetcar conductors, railroad workers, shipbuilders and farming
Treaty of Versailles
No real enforcement armAppeasementDisdain for the League Japan denied racially equality; a clause in League of Nations Germany saddled with war guilt 33$ billion and lose of colonies,
territory 4 billion marks = 1$ USEuropean allies more concerned with territorially gains than a stable
system.American politicians are too isolationist, racist, xenophobic or partisan
to back the League of NationsAmericans of Irish, Italian and German descent unhappy with the
results of treaty negotiationsWilson’s unwillingness to compromise and subsequent stroke.The despair in Europe sets the stage for totalitarian dictators and
fascism.Hitler charmed Germans by identifying with the beliefs of common
Germans and fixing their economy.
New Soviet Union
Treaty of Brest-LitovskRoyal family executed 1918; a symbolic end of the old
order.Allied troops stay on Eastern Front to help White Russians
after WWIUS refuses to use US troops in Russian Civil War, but did
send about 10,000 "advisors"Soviets distrust US, because they would recognize them
diplomatically or in the peace deal in Paris. All this besides ideologically opposed to each other. Red Scare and Palmer Raids in US after WWI had some of
the worst violations of American citizens civil liberties…tortured, deported, detained without due process because they were “radicals.” (Communists, anarchists, labor leaders…some were, some weren’t)
Women mustered support for woman suffrage through WWI participation and favorable depiction in media.
The 19th Amendment ratified by the states in 1920.
Many women quickly became bored with women’s rights and political activism declined