alv theory

*ALV Reports* BY ----Arjun

SAP AG 2001, Smart Forms - the Form Printing Solution,Claudia Binder / Jens Stumpe 2

Review

ALV Reports are mainly used to display the data in the form of either Grid or List Format with good Look and Feel.

The main advantages of ALV Reports are:

1. Good Look and Feel

2.Predefined options given by SAP like

Asc, Desc,

Filtering,

Downloading,

Changing Layout,

sending Mail…..etc


ALV Reports By ARJUN

Function modules for developing ALV Reports

REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY Display ALV data in GRID format

REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY Display ALV data in LIST format

REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE Display TOP-OF-PAGE, LOGO,END-OF-LIST.

REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATELOG_MERGE Generate field catalog automatically

REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET Display ALV Events

REUSE_ALV_HIERSEQ_LIST_DISPLAY Display hierarchical ALV

REUSE_ALV_BLOCKED_LIST_DISPLAY Display blocked ALV


List of ALV’s

ALV with structure

ALV with field catalog

ALV with layout options

ALV with field catalog merge

ALV with totals and sub totals

ALV with LOGO/ TOP OF PAGE / END OF LIST

Interactive ALV

Interactive ALV by calling a transaction

hierarchical ALV

Blocked ALV


ALV WITH STRUCTURES


» ALV with Structures Business Requirement

Develop a material master Report which displays all the fields

STEPS

Declare an internal table and work area for MARA table

Write an select statement to fetch the data

Call the function module REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY and specify the Below parameters

Structure Name

Program Name

Itab Name


ALV WITH FIELDCATELOG


FieldCatelog: It is an int.Table which contains the list o the fields along with field properties to be displayed in ALV Report

The properties/options are:

1. COL_POS = 1.

2. FIELD NAME Specifies the name of the field

3. TABLE NAME Specifies the name of the internal table

4. SELTEXT_S Specifies short

SELTEXT_L Specifies Long

SELTEXT_M Specifies medium


5. DO_SUM = ‘X’ For grand totals

6. SUBTOT = ‘X’ Sub totals to be calculated

7. EDIT = ‘X’ Field can be editable

8. EMPHASIZE = ‘CXYZ’ Specifies the Color to the fields

C – Indicates color

X – Color Numbers

Y – Backgroundcolor – 1 On BG color

0 off BG color

Z – Font color 1 OnFont color

0 Off font color


9. REFERENCE TABLENAME

REFERENCE FIELDNAME To copy all the properties from data dictionary to a field catalog field.

10. KEY Specify the key field

11. HOTSPOT For selection

12. NO_OUT Field will not be displayed in output

Generation of Fieldcatelog :

It is generated using 2 ways.

1)Manually

2)Automatically by using FM


ALV with Manual field catalog


Steps for Example Program on field catalog

Declare the internal table and work area for the field catalog

DATA : i_fcat TYPE slis_t_fieldcat_alv.*DATA : wa_fcat TYPE slis_fieldcat_alv.DATA : wa_fcat like LINE OF i_fcat.

Fill the fieldcatelog Itab with all fields and their corresponding properties.

wa_fcat-col_pos = 1. "v_pos.wa_fcat-fieldname = 'KUNNR'.*wa_fcat-tabname = 'I_KNA1'.WA_FCAT-SELTEXT_L = 'CUST_NUM'.*WA_FCAT-EDIT = 'X'.WA_FCAT-EMPHASIZE = 'C610'.WA_FCAT-REF_TABNAME = 'KNA1'.


WA_FCAT-REF_FIELDNAME = 'KUNNR'.*WA_FCAT-KEY = 'X'.

APPEND WA_FCAT TO I_FCAT.CLEAR WA_FCAT.

Call the function module and Export the field catalog in internal table as exporting parameters to IT_FCAT.

CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY' EXPORTING I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM = 'SY-REPID' IT_FIELDCAT = I_FCAT TABLES T_OUTTAB = I_KNA1.



We can create a field catalog either manually or by automatically

REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATELOG_MERGE is the function module which is used to create field catalog automatically

But this is obsolete because, the function module uses the old syntax for declaring internal tables

I.e. the internal table should be created as below and all the fields in the internal table must be declared using LIKE statement not the TYPE statement.

Example1 on FCAT using Internal table

DATA: BEGIN OF I_MARA OCCURS 0, MATNR LIKE MARA-MATNR, MTART LIKE MARA-MTART, MEINS LIKE MARA-MEINS, END OF I_MARA.


CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE’ EXPORTING I_PROGRAM_NAME = SY-REPID I_INTERNAL_TABNAME = 'I_MARA' I_INCLNAME = SY-REPID CHANGING CT_FIELDCAT = I_FCAT.

LOOP AT I_FCAT INTO WA_FCAT. IF WA_FCAT-FIELDNAME = 'MEINS'. WA_FCAT-NO_OUT = 'X'. "For hiding the fieldELSEIF WA_FCAT-FIELDNAME = 'MTART'. WA_FCAT-KEY = 'X‘. ENDIF.

MODIFY I_FCAT FROM WA_FCAT INDEX SY-TABIX.ENDLOOP.


Example2 on FCAT using Structure:

CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE’ EXPORTING I_PROGRAM_NAME = SY-REPID I_STRUCTURE_NAME = 'MARA' I_INCLNAME = SY-REPID CHANGING CT_FIELDCAT = I_FCAT.

LOOP AT I_FCAT INTO WA_FCAT. IF WA_FCAT-FIELDNAME = ‘MATNR’ OR

WA_FCAT-FIELDNAME = ‘MTART’ OR

WA_FCAT-FIELDNAME = ‘MBRSH’ OR

WA_FCAT-FIELDNAME = ‘MEINS’ .

WA_FCAT-NO_OUT = ‘ '. "For Displaying the field


ELSE. WA_FCAT-NO_OUT = 'X‘. “HIDE THE FIELD ENDIF.

MODIFY I_FCAT FROM WA_FCAT INDEX SY-TABIX.ENDLOOP.


ALV WITH LAYOUT


ALV with Layout Layout

It is a structure or work area which is used to decorate or embellish the output of ALV Report

Layout contains the few properties to decorate the ALV output

The properties are,

1. ZEEBRA = ‘X’. Displays ALV with alternative colors

2. COLWIDTH-OPTIMIZE = ‘X’. Each column in ALV o/p displayed with maximum length, to display the entire data.

3. EDIT= ‘X’. All the columns are displayed in editable mode.


4. NO_VLINE = ‘X’. Vertical lines will not be displayed

5. NO_HLINE = ‘X’. Horizontal lines will not be displayed

Steps:

Declare a work area for the Layout

DATA : wa_layout TYPE slis_layout_alv.

Fill the WA with various options.

wa_layout-zebra = 'X'. wa_layout-colwidth_optimize = 'X'.* wa_layout-edit = 'X'.* wa_layout-no_vline = 'X'. wa_layout-no_hline = 'X'.


Call the function module and send the WA as exporting parameter to IS_LAYOUT.

CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY' EXPORTING I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM = SY-REPID IS_LAYOUT = WA_LAYOUT IT_FIELDCAT = I_FCAT TABLES T_OUTTAB = I_KNA1.


ALV WITH GRAND TOTALS


ALV Reports with Totals

The totals can be calculated in two ways

By clicking on ∑ ALV output field.

By programmatically setting the option

DO_SUM = ‘X’, for an currency/quantity field in FCAT

WA_FCAT-COL_POS = ’5’.WA_FCAT-FIELDNAME = 'NETWR'.WA_FCAT-SELTEXT_M = 'NETPRICE‘. WA_FCAT-DO_SUM = 'X'.APPEND WA_FCAT TO I_FCAT.


ALV WITH SUBTOTALS


ALV Reports with and sub totals

To calculate sub totals, we need to find out on what basis (field name) the sub totals need to be calculated.

We need to sort the field in ascending order.

Then we need to set the property

SUBTOT = ‘X’ in FCAT.

WA_SORT-spos = ‘1’.

WA_SORT-FIELDNAME = 'VBELN'.WA_SORT-UP = 'X'.WA_SORT-SUBTOT = 'X'.APPEND WA_SORT TO I_SORT.


Steps :

Declare the internal table and work area for the sorting

DATA : I_SORT TYPE SLIS_T_SORTINFO_ALV.DATA : WA_SORT TYPE SLIS_SORTINFO_ALV.

Specify the field and subtot = ‘X’ .

WA_SORT-FIELDNAME = 'VBELN'.WA_SORT-UP = 'X'.WA_SORT-SUBTOT = 'X'.APPEND WA_SORT TO I_SORT.

.


Call the function module and send the SORT internal table as exporting parameters to IT_SORT

CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY' EXPORTING I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM = SY-REPID IT_FIELDCAT = I_FCAT IT_SORT = I_SORT TABLES T_OUTTAB = I_VBAP.


EVENTS IN ALV


ALV Reports with top of page/ Events

There are totally 17 events available for ALV reporting

The function module REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET will display all the list of ALV events

Below are some events

Top-Of-Page End-Of-List

At User command Set PF status

If we want to use any event, then we should create a Subroutine for

Writing our Logic.

Perform will be dynamically created by SAP.

Form………Endform should be created by us.


Ex Prog:Call Function ‘ REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET’ Importing ET_EVENTS = I_EVENTS.

Read Table I_EVENTS into WA_EVENTS with key NAME = ‘EVENT NAME’. WA_EVENTS-FORM = ‘ ANYNAME ’. Modify I_EVENTS from WA_EVENTS index SY–TABIX.

PERFORM ANYNAME.------------ Will be created by SAP

FORM ANYNAME.

-----------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------

ENDFORM.


ALV with LOGO:

For Logo’s in the ALV , We have two steps.

1. Upload the Logo from our system into SAP. 2. Call the FM “Reuse_Alv_Commentary_Write” and Export the Logo name under the event TOP-OF-PAGE.

STEP1: “OAER” is the T-Code for upload the Logo’s into SAP. => Go to OAER Tcode and specify below values ClassName – Pictures ClassType – OT ObjectKey – ARJUN(LogoName) Execute Click on the Standard Document Types Double Click on the SCREEN Option for browse the image. Click on the Save Button.


STEP2:Call Function ‘ REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET’ Importing ET_EVENTS = I_EVENTS.

Read Table I_EVENTS into WA_EVENTS with key NAME = ‘TOP-OF-PAGE’. WA_EVENTS-FORM = ‘ FORM_TOP_OF_PAGE ’. Modify I_EVENTS into WA_EVENTS index SY–TABIX.

STEP3: FORM FORM_TOP. Call Function ‘REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE’ Exporting I_LOGO = ‘ARJUN’. ENDFORM.


TOP-OF-PAGE

Call the function module REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET

Provide the sub routine name for top-of-page event

Create a FORM…ENDFORM and

Write the code in sub routine

Call the function module REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE to display top-of-page in ALV

Finally export the events into internal table to the REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY


STEP1:Data Declarations for TOP-OF-PAGE. TYPE-POOLS: SLIS. Data: I_EVENTS type SLIS_T_EVENT. Data: WA_EVENTS like line of I_EVENTS. Data: I_HEADING type SLIS_T_LISTHEADER. Data: WA_HEADING like line of I_HEADING. STEP2:Call Function ‘ REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET’ Importing ET_EVENTS = I_EVENTS.

Read Table I_EVENTS into WA_EVENTS with key NAME = ‘TOP-OF-PAGE’. WA_EVENTS-FORM = ‘ FORM_TOP_OF_PAGE ’. Modify I_EVENTS into WA_EVENTS index SY–TABIX.


Form FORM_TOP_OF_PAGE. WA_HEADING - TYP = ‘H’. WA_HEADING – INFO = ‘MATERIAL MASTER REPORT’ . Append WA_HEADING to I_HEADING.

WA_HEADING - TYP = ‘S’. WA_HEADING – KEY = ‘USERNAME’. WA_HEADING – INFO = SY – UNAME. Append WA_HEADING to I_HEADING.

WA_HEADING - TYP = ‘A’. WA_HEADING – KEY = ‘DATE’. WA_HEADING – INFO = SY – DATUM. Append WA_HEADING to I_HEADING.


STEP3: Call Function ‘REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE’ Exporting IT_LIST_COMMENTARY = I_HEADING. EndForm.

STEP4: Call Function ‘REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY’ Exporting I_Callback_Programme = SY – REPID IT_Events = I_EVENTS Tables T_OutTab = I_MARA.


END -OF-LIST:


Provide the sub routine name for End-of-List event.

Create a Form…….End Form and

Write below down the code in sub routine

Call the function module REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE to display End-of-List in ALV



STEP1:Data Declarations for End-of-List. TYPE-POOLS: SLIS. Data: I_EVENTS type SLIS_T_EVENT. Data: WA_EVENTS like line of I_EVENTS. Data: I_HEADING type SLIS_T_LISTHEADER. Data: WA_HEADING like line of I_HEADING. STEP2:Call Function ‘ REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET’ Importing ET_EVENTS = I_EVENTS.

Read Table I_EVENTS into WA_EVENTS with key NAME = ‘END_OF_LIST’. WA_EVENTS-FORM = ‘ FORM_END_OF_LIST’. Modify I_EVENTS into WA_EVENTS index SY–TABIX.


Form FORM_END_OF_LIST. WA_HEADING - TYP = ‘S’. WA_HEADING – INFO = ‘ALL RIGHTS RESERVED TO THE

COMPANY’ . Append WA_HEADING to I_HEADING. STEP3: Call Function ‘REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE’ Exporting IT_LIST_COMMENTARY = I_HEADING I_END_OF_LIST_GRID = ‘X’. EndForm. STEP4: Call Function ‘REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY’ Exporting I_Callback_Programme = SY – REPID IT_Events = I_EVENTS Tables T_OutTab = I_MARA.


INTERACTIVE ALV’s:


Provide the sub routine name for USER_COMMAND

Create a Form….EndForm with 2 Formal Parameters

Write below down the code in sub routine

In the Sub routine Call the function module REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY to display Secondary ALV



STEP1:Data Declarations . Type-Pools: SLIS. Data: I_Events type SLIS_T_EVENT. Data: WA_Events like line of I_Events. Data: V_VBELN type VBAK – VBELN.

STEP2: Call Function ‘REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET’ importing ET_EVENTS = I_EVENTS. Read Table I_EVENTS into WA_EVENTS with key NAME = ‘USER_COMMAND’.

WA_EVENTS-FORM = ‘FORM_USER_COMMAND’. MODIFY I_EVENTS from WA_EVENTS index SY-TABIX.


STEP3: Form FORM_USER_COMMAND using UCOMM type SY-UCOMM SELFIELD type SLIS_SELFIELD. READ TABLE I_VBAK into WA_VBAK index SELFIELD-TABINDEX.

Select * from VBAP into corresponding fields of table I_VBAP where VBELN = WA_VBAP-VBELN.

CALL FUNCTION ‘REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY’ Exporting I_CALLBACK_PROGRAME = SY-REPID I_STRUCTURE_NAME = ‘VBAP’ Tables T_OUTTAB = I_VBAP.

Endform.


HIERARCHIAL ALV’s:

Displaying the data in the form of hierarchy i.e. Parent-to-Child

Relation is called Hierarchical ALV Report

Steps:

Create User-Defined Types for Header Data and Item Data.

Write the select statement for Header data and Item Data.

Create the Fieldcatalog .

Create subroutine for Hierarchy. Form Create_Hierarchy. Wa_Key – Header01 = ‘VBELN’. Wa_Key – Item01 = ‘VBELN’. EndForm.


Finally, For Displaying export the Header Data, Item Data, and Field catalog to the function module REUSE_ALV_HIERSEQ_LIST_DISPLAY.

Call Function ‘REUSE_ALV_HIERSEQ_LIST_DISPLAY’ Exporting I_Callback_Program = SY – REPID IT_Fieldcat = I_FCAT I_Tabname_Header = ‘I_VBAK’ I_Tabname_Item = ‘I_VBAP’ Is_KeyInfo = wa_KEY Tables T_Outtab_Header = I_VBAK T_Outtab_Item = I_VBAP.

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