Altered States of Altered States of ConsciousnessConsciousness

Sleep and DreamsSleep and Dreams

ObjectivesObjectives

1.1. Describe the theories associated with why Describe the theories associated with why we sleepwe sleep

2.2. List and describe sleep disordersList and describe sleep disorders

3.3. Describe and explain the characteristics of Describe and explain the characteristics of the different sleep cycles the different sleep cycles

Theories Theories

RestorativeRestorative– Allows a person to “charge their batteries”Allows a person to “charge their batteries”– Brain recovers from exhaustion and stressBrain recovers from exhaustion and stress

Primitive HibernationPrimitive Hibernation– Sleep to conserve energySleep to conserve energy

Adaptive ProcessAdaptive Process– Night vulnerable time – keep safeNight vulnerable time – keep safe

Clear mind of useless informationClear mind of useless information– DreamingDreaming

Stages of SleepStages of Sleep

Stage IStage I– Lightest sleep Alpha + Theta wavesLightest sleep Alpha + Theta waves

Stage IIStage II– Brain waves shift - Theta wavesBrain waves shift - Theta waves

Stage IIIStage III– Deep sleep – Delta waves + Theta wavesDeep sleep – Delta waves + Theta waves

Stage IVStage IV– Deepest of sleep – Large Delta waves sweep brain Deepest of sleep – Large Delta waves sweep brain

every second - +50%every second - +50% REM SLEEPREM SLEEP

– Brain waves similar to awake person – Beta WavesBrain waves similar to awake person – Beta Waves

Circadian RhythmCircadian Rhythm

Biological clock that is roughly 24 hoursBiological clock that is roughly 24 hours Regulates physiological responsesRegulates physiological responses Even w/o cues people respond to thisEven w/o cues people respond to this

Sleep DisordersSleep Disorders

InsomniaInsomnia Sleep ApneaSleep Apnea NarcolepsyNarcolepsy Night TerrorsNight Terrors Sleep Walking/TalkingSleep Walking/Talking

InsomniaInsomnia

Not sleepingNot sleeping

Sleep ApneaSleep Apnea

Breathing stops or has Breathing stops or has trouble breathing trouble breathing during sleepduring sleep

SnoringSnoring ChokingChoking Affects 1/100 Affects 1/100

AmericansAmericans

Causes and SymptomsCauses and Symptoms

CausesCauses– Enlarged TonsilsEnlarged Tonsils– Throat/Middle ear infectionsThroat/Middle ear infections– ObesityObesity

SymptomsSymptoms– Trouble breathingTrouble breathing– ChokingChoking– Snoring that ends abruptlySnoring that ends abruptly

NarcolepsyNarcolepsy

Suddenly falling asleepSuddenly falling asleep Feeling very sleepy during the dayFeeling very sleepy during the day SymptomsSymptoms

– Unusual sleep and dream patternsUnusual sleep and dream patterns– Sleep attacks are brief REM episodesSleep attacks are brief REM episodes– Prone to accidentsProne to accidents– Relationships/workRelationships/work

NarcolepsyNarcolepsy

CausesCauses– Autoimmune diseaseAutoimmune disease– Immune system kills hypocretin making cellsImmune system kills hypocretin making cells– HLA gene variantHLA gene variant

Keep immune system in checkKeep immune system in check

Night TerrorsNight Terrors

Unpleasant dreamsUnpleasant dreams Screaming, panic, Screaming, panic,

confusionconfusion Usually in childrenUsually in childrenCauseCause Intense stimulation of Intense stimulation of

the part of the brain the part of the brain that deals with that deals with emotional reactionsemotional reactions– What part is that?What part is that?

Sleep Walking/TalkingSleep Walking/Talking

SymptomsSymptoms Walking / Talking during sleepWalking / Talking during sleep In most cases it is harmlessIn most cases it is harmless

CausesCauses Stress, fatigueStress, fatigue Sedative medicinesSedative medicines HeredityHeredity

What Have You Learned?What Have You Learned?

What is the difference between REM and What is the difference between REM and NREM sleep?NREM sleep?

What are the four theories as to why we What are the four theories as to why we sleep?sleep?

Why would you consider sleep an Why would you consider sleep an altered altered state of consciousness?state of consciousness?