Chapter 5 Section 3

World History

Mrs. Thompson

Mr. Williams

Philip II of Macedonia united the

Greek states.

Macedonia lay north of Greece.

They were warriors

who fought on horseback.

Macedoniansraised

sheep and horses and grew

crops in their river valleys.

Philip II rose to the throne of Macedonia

in 359 B.C.

He wanted to make

his kingdom strong enough to defeat

the Persian Empire.

He took some city-statesby force

and bribed the leaders of others

to surrender.

He needed to unite

the Greek city-states with his

own kingdom.

He admired everything about

the Greeks.

Demosthenes

was a lawyer and one of Athens’s

great public speakers.

He warned the Athenians of the threat of Philip II.

He urged Athens and other

city-states to fight the

Macedonians together.

The Peloponnesian War had weakened and

divided Greece.

Fighting had destroyed farms

and killed many people.

Many young Greeks had left to join the Persian army as well,

and Athens could not stop Philip II.

In 338 B.C., the Macedonians crushed the Greek allies at the

Battle of Chaeronea near Thebes.

Philip then controlled all of Greece.

Alexander builds an Empire.

Alexander the Great conquered the Persian Empire

and spread Greek culture throughout southwest Asia.

Alexander was 20 when he became king of Macedonia

after his father was murdered.He was trained about war as a boy, and commanded the army at age 16.

Alexander’s

Conquests

In 334 B.C., he invaded Asia Minor with 37,000 foot soldiers and 5,000

mounted warriors.

In 331 B.C., Alexander went east and defeated the Persians at Gaugamela near Babylon.

At the Battle of Granicus, Alexander destroyed the Persians.

He freed the Greeks in Asia Minor and defeated another army at Issus.

By the winter of 332 B.C., he had captured Syria and Egypt and built the city of Alexandria as the center of business and trade on the coast of northern Egypt.

Result: Alexander’s army

overran the rest of the

Persian Empire.

Alexander the Great’s Empire

Some ancient remains at Alexandria.

Library at Alexandria

When his soldiers refused to go any

further, he agreed to let them go home.

On the return march, the troops entered what is modern-day Iran.

Heat and thirst killed many soldiers.

In 326 B.C., he crossed the Indus River and entered India and fought numerous bloody

battles.

According to a Greek historian, when the soldiers found a little water and scooped it up, Alexander, “in full view of his troops,

poured the water on the ground. So extraordinary was the effect of this action that the water wasted by Alexander was as

good as a drink for every man in the army.”

In 323 B.C., he returned to Babylon to plan an invasion of Arabia, but he died ten days later

with a bad fever. He was 32.

He was a great military leader.

He inspired his armies to march into unknown

lands and risk their lives in difficult

situations.

A legacy is what a person leaves

behind when he or she dies.

The key to his success may have been his childhood education.

He kept a copy of the Iliad under his pillow.Aristotle was his tutor.

In turn, Greeks brought new

ideas back from Asia and Africa.

Alexander extended Greek and Macedonian rule and culture over a vast area.

Alexander’s Conquests

The word Hellenistic

comes from a Greek word

meaning “like the Greeks.”

Alexander’s conquests marked the beginning of

the Hellenistic Era.

It refers to a time when the

Greek language and Greek ideas

spread to the non-Greek people of

southwest Asia.

Alexander the Great planned to unite the

Macedonians, Greeks, and Persians in his new empire.

He used Persian officials and encouraged

his soldiers to marry Asian women .

After Alexander’s death,

his generals fought each other for power.

The empire divided, and four

kingdoms took its place.

Macedonia

Egypt

Pergamum

Seleucid Empire

The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire

GUESS WHAT?!

?

All government business was conducted in Greek language.

Any Egyptian or Asian applying for government job

had to speak Greek.

This way the Greeks remained

in control.

Building Greek Cities in the East

Pergamum:

A New “Hellenisti

c”City

Trade in the Hellenistic World

By 100 B.C., the largest city in

the Mediterranean world was Alexandria.

The new Greek cities needed

architects, engineers, philosophers, artisans,

and artists.

Hellenistic rulers encouraged Greeks and Macedonians

to settle in southwest Asia.

These new colonists:

were new recruits

for the army

helped spread Greek culture into Egypt

and as far east as modern-day

Afghanistan and India.

became new workers in these areas

were a pool of government

officials