ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE

IT IS A PORTABLE BEVERAGE WHICH CONTAINS 0.5% TO 75.5% OF CONSUMABLE ALCOHOL, VOLUME BY VOLUME.

(0.5%-75.5% V/V) : OIML SCALE.40% OIML Scale = 80° Sykes Scale

SUNIL KUMAR

WINE CAN BE DEFINED AS AN ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE MADE BY NATURAL FERMENTATION OF THE JUICE OF THE FRESHLY GATHERED RIPE GRAPES ACCORDING TO LOCAL TRADITION AND PRACTICE.

FACTORS GRAPE VARIETIES

ENEMIES OF VINE LABEL INFORMATION

MANUFACURING TERMINOLOGIES

CLASSIFICATION STORAGE OF WINE

WINESUNIL KUMAR

NATURAL FERMENTATION

BLOOM………..A WHITE POWDERY COATING FOUND ON GRAPE SKIN, IS ACTUALLY NATURAL YEAST.

WHEN GRAPES ARE PRESSED , JUICE COMES OUT WITH THE BLOOM AND FERMENTATION STARTS AUTOMATICALLY / NATURALLY .

SUNIL KUMAR

RIPE & FRESH

RIPE GRAPE YEILDS HIGH FERMENTABLE SUGAR IN THE PRESSED GRAPE JUICE (MUST). GRAPES FOR WINE MANUFACTURING MUST BE RIPE .

GRAPE CONTAINS MANY USEFUL BIO-CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS DEGRADABLE WITH TIME.

THE TIME GAP BETWEEN HARVESTING AND PRESSING SHOULD BE MINIMUM.

SUNIL KUMAR

TRADITIONS & PRACTICE ALTHOUGH WINE IS MADE BY THE

NATURAL PROCESS, MANUFACTURING AND PROCESSING TECHNIQUE VARY FROM PLACE TO PLACE.

• In Portugal, some wines are made from unripe grapes

• In Germany, some wines are made from frozen grapes

• In Spain, some wines are made from dry grapes.

• In Madeira Islands, they cook their wines !!!!!

SUNIL KUMAR

GRAPESTHERE ARE MORE THAN 5000 DIFFERENT SPECIES OF GRAPES; BUT ONLY A COUNTED FEW ARE SUITABLE FOR WINE PRODUCTION.

VITIS VINIFERA IS THE MOST NOBLE WINE GRAPE VARIETY.

BASED ON THE COLOUR, THERE ARE TWO TYPE OF GRAPES : -

• WHITE GRAPES

• BLACK GRAPES.

SUNIL KUMAR

CABERNET SAUVIGNON

MERLOT

PINOT NOIR

NEBBIOLO

SYRAH

GAMAY

ZINFANDEL

CABERNET FRANC

PINOT MEUNIER

BLACK GRAPE VARIETIESSUNIL KUMAR

CHARDONNAY

CHENIN BLANC

RIESLING

SEMILLON

SAUVIGNON BLANC

GEWÜRZTRAMINER

MUSCATEL

PINOT BLANC

PALOMINO

WHITE GRAPE VARIETIESSUNIL KUMAR

FACTORS AFFECTING VINE• Type of grape

• Yield per acre

• Terminology

• Climate

• Bands of Latitude

• Aspect

• Viticulture

• Vinification

• Vintage

• Soil Types

SUNIL KUMAR

CLASSIFICATION OF WINE

NATURE TASTE COLOUR YEAR

Still Dry White Vintage

Sparkling Sweet Rosé Non-Vintage

Fortified Red

Aromatized

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MANDATORY INFORMATION.

• NAME & ESTATE OF THE BOTTLER/SHIPPER/MANUFACTURER/VINTNER/COMPANY.

• ALCOHOL PERCENTAGE.• BOTTLE CAPACITY.• EXCISE SEAL OF THE

GOVERNING BODY• STATUTORY HEALTH

WARNING.• DATE OF BOTTLING.

OPTIONAL INFORMATION.

• HISTORY RELATED TO THE BEVERAGE.

• AWARDS & DISTINCTION WON BY THE VINTNER / BOTTLER / SHIPPER / MANUFACTURER / COMPANY.

• RECOMMENDED CONSUMABLE TIME SPAN.

• ECO-FRIENDLY, RECYCLE LOGOS, ETC.

• MISC INFO.

LABEL INFORMATIONSUNIL KUMAR

1. WINE BOTTLES ARE LAID ON SIDE, CAUSING THE WINE TO STAY IN CONTACT WITH THE CORK AND PREVENTS BRITTLENESS OF CORK.

2. MUST BE STORED IN A CELLAR (DARK ROOM).

3. MUST BE STORED IN A PLACE WITHOUT VIBRATION.

4. PREFERRED RELATIVE HUMIDITY - 60%.

5. WHITE WINE , ROSÉ WINE & SPARKLING WINE TO BE STORED AT 7°C TO 14°C.

6. RED WINE TO BE STORED AT 17°C TO 24°C.

STORAGE OF WINESSUNIL KUMAR

YIELD PER ACRE

HIGH YIELD : LOW QUALITY / HIGH QUANTITY.

LOW YIELD : HIGH QUALITY / LOW QUANTITY.

MEDIUM YIELD : MEDIUM QUALITY / MODERATE QUANTITY.

SUNIL KUMAR

SOIL TYPESSOIL PROVIDES NUTRITION TO THE GRAPES AND HENCE, TYPE OF SOIL DIRECTLY AFFECT THE WINE QUALITY.

SOME KNOWN SOIL TYPES ARE -

CLAY, CHALKY, LOAMY, GRAVEL, GRANITE, SLATE, ALLUVIAL, SAND, SANDSTONE, LIMESTONE, QUARTZ, ETC.

SUNIL KUMAR

CLIMATE

• MACRO & MICRO CLIMATE DIRECTLY AFFECTS THE QUALITY OF GRAPE & THUS THE WINE.

• CLIMATE DICTATES THE TYPE OF GRAPE TO BE PLANTED.

• IT AFFECTS THE VINTAGE PRODUCTION.

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BANDS OF LATITUDE

50°N

30°N

50°S

30°S

0°

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ASPECT

WindSUN

RainRain No RainNo Rain

HILLHILL

N

EW

S

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VITICULTURE IS A TERM TO DESCRIBE THE ART & SCENCE OF VINE CULTIVATION.

THE WAY, THE GRAPE IS NURTURED WILL DETERMINE THE FINAL QUALITY OF THE WINE PRODUCED.

EXAMPLE OF SOME NURTURING ACTIVITIES ARE AS FOLLOWS: -

VINE TRAINING, PRUNING, PESTICIDE, IRRIGATION, ETC.

VITICULTURESUNIL KUMAR

• VINTAGE MEANS “GOOD HARVEST”.

• VINTAGE IS DECLARED BY THE WINE GOVERNING BODY OF THAT PARTICULAR COUNTRY.

• GENERALLY, VINTAGE WINES ARE EXPENSIVE.

• VINTAGE MEANS “GOOD HARVEST”.

• VINTAGE IS DECLARED BY THE WINE GOVERNING BODY OF THAT PARTICULAR COUNTRY.

• GENERALLY, VINTAGE WINES ARE EXPENSIVE.

VINTAGESUNIL KUMAR

ENEMIES OF THE VINE• PHYLLOXERA• MILDEW• NOBLE ROT• FROST• HAIL• OIDIUM• COULURE• CHLOROSIS• PYRALIS & OTHER VINE MOTHS

SUNIL KUMAR

MANUFACTURING WINE• HARVESTING• DE-STALKING• PRESSING• FERMENTING• RACKING & CLARIFICATION• BOTTLING• MATURING• LABELING & SHIPPING

SUNIL KUMAR

TERMINOLOGY• Chateau• Vin• Doux/Sweet• Sec/Dry• Vintage• Cremant• Viticulture• Rosé• Cask

• Sommelier• Aperitif/Digestif• Bouquet• Blanc• Cellar• Oxidation• Fortification• Botanicals/

Naturals• Vinification

SUNIL KUMAR

DESINGED BY

Sunil KumarResearch Scholar/ Food Production FacultyInstitute of Hotel and Tourism Management,MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY, ROHTAKHaryana- 124001 INDIA Ph. No. 09996000499email:  skihm86@yahoo.com , balhara86@gmail.com  linkedin:- in.linkedin.com/in/ihmsunilkumarfacebook: www.facebook.com/ihmsunilkumar webpage: chefsunilkumar.tripod.com