Alarms and Events Processing

Group No. 2

Project Guide:

Prof. N.D.R.Sarma

Introduction Alarm/Event processing –a key component of SCADA system.

User is notified of the alarm generated and allows to take necessary action

It adds security to the SCADA system.

It traces the exceptional behaviors in devices and their values like current and voltage.

It allows remote monitors and control the field devices.

Alarm Requirements

Alarms are raised at any ‘point’ in the SCADA system, when the value exceeds a particular range.

The range can be dynamically changed depending on conditions.

There should be stages of severity and categories of alarms.

Alarms are displayed online. Alarms needs user intervention. Alarm may be enabled, disabled or scheduled for a

particular time .

Alarm Requirements

Alarm are moved from unacknowledged list to acknowledged list as soon as they are processed by the user

An alarm should not be erased before the user takes appropriate actions

Alarms should be sorted according to order of priority before displaying it.

Display of historical and current alarms.

Alarm Categorization and Priority Alarms are classified as acknowledged/unacknowledged.

Depending on the value we can prioritize the alarm. Alarm can be categorized based on Current , Voltage ,

Transformer ,substation , feeder level etc . Alarm categorization based on severity or priority .

Level 1 Alarms → Audible + Onscreen Display in Red (very very high alarm or very very low alarm

) Level 2 Alarms → Onscreen Display in Blue (very high alarm or very low alarm ) Level 3 Alarms → Onscreen Display in Green

(high alarm or low alarm )

Event Requirements

Events are also like alarms but can be generated even when the value is within the ‘safe’ range.

Events should be logged into the database Events are in fixed format. Events are stored with date, time etc. into the

database and does not need user intervention or acknowledgement .

Events in the past can be searched. Events don’t have priorities.

System Design Modules

Generator Module Alarm and Event Monitoring and Control Alarm/Event Reporting and Processing ( GUI ) Alarms/Events Logging (Database)

System Design

Generator Module

A data generating routine ( a simulator of the field values received from RTU) used to feed the data.

Generates random values of Device ID , Event ID , Value , SCADA-point etc . according to some format (Lit-ID) : V_065_IIIT_001_30/09/2004_12:00

V,I Can be V/I etc V → Voltage I → Current

065 Voltage level (65 KV here)

IIIT Substation name

001 Unique identifier

30/09/2004 Date

12:00 Time

Alarm and Event Monitoring and Control Reads values generated by simulator in fixed time

interval . The value is checked for the limits and status,

associated with alarms/events. Depending on weather and other parameters limit

checks are performed. If it is an alarm/event, message is given to the GUI to

display it and logged into database .

Alarm and Event Monitoring and Control Controls and coordinates the Generator, GUI and

database . It runs the simulator, handles interfaces between

modules . Refreshes the GUI periodically . Addition and Updating of the database are done

through it.

Alarm/Event Reporting and Processing ( GUI ) Automatically report alarms/events to the interface with their

category, severity, time-stamp etc .

Dynamically updating a display window with time varying data.

Allows user to perform alarm processing like Searching for alarm and event depending on their types ,

categories, time-stamp etc . Update the limits for detection Acknowledge / Delete specific or all alarms Display the events for various time periods, by a particular

SCADA point, priority etc.

Alarms/Events Logging (Database)

The database acts as a repository of each generated values which are later analyzed and displayed for decision making mechanisms or search queries .

The data from field is analog and stored in the database as both analog and digital with their type defined.

Storage of Events related data in user defined format in database in minute , hourly , daily , weekly basis with its status.

Alarms/Events Logging (Database)

Database stores Limits Alarms and its related data like

Alarm Date and Time ,Acknowledgement Date Message ,Value , Alarm Type , Alarm Id , Device Name or ID , Alarm status , acceptor name

Events and its related data like Event Date and Time , Message, Value, Event

Type , Device Name or ID , Event Id etc

Summary

Alarm/Event monitoring system periodically collects the data from the Generator .

Control system checks the values and sends to GUI. Values are logged into the database depending upon

their range. GUI shows current alarms and events by getting

values every n seconds User performs multiple processing on alarms.

QUESTIONS

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