AIMA NEWSLETTER

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www.aima.iinet.net.au

Australasian Institute for Maritime Archaeology

The widely held popular account probably is best represented by Lieutenant-Commander Ian Stranack, Royal Navy (Rtd), in The Andrew and the Onion: The Story of the Royal Navy in Bermuda, 1795–1975 (Island Press, 1977), his authoritative book about the development of the Royal Naval Base at

Ireland Island, Bermuda. The book was updated, annotated and re-published in 1990 by the Bermuda Maritime Museum Authority (http://www.bmm.bm/). One particular entry in the book describes events pertaining to the grounding of the Tasmanian-built barque Sir George Arthur on its way to Bermuda transporting Government stores and convicts. Stranack states that “she ran on the rocks o! the North Shore. The Captain panicked, the crew mutinied,

and it was not until the prisoners were released and took the situation in hand that the ship was saved and sailed into Bermuda.”

If indeed the vessel had run aground on the North Shore, by implication, it already would have navigated through the di!cult St George’s Passage (Bermuda’s only channel through its encircling reef ) and was in one of the two well-marked, navigable channels on its way to the Dockyard at the western end of the island.

The Sir George Arthur Wrecking of 1842Investigating a Bermuda shipwreck and con!icting historiesCurrently accepted popular facts regarding the wrecking of Sir George Arthur in Bermuda in 1842 are at odds with recent archaeological evidence and, upon closer examination, the historic record itself.

IssueIN THIS

Volume 30 | Issue 4 December 2011

byChristopher Addams

(continued on p. 17)

The barque Sir George Arthur. (State Library Tasmanian)1 The Sir George Arthur Wrecking

of 1842 Investigating a Bermuda shipwreck and con!icting histories

2 AIMA Officers’ Reports New Executives, AIMA Scholarship Awards and funding, 2011 AIMA AGM minutes, and more...

4 Australasian News from NSW, NT, Flinders University, SUHR, MAAV and WA

17 World News Bermuda, Spain21 Conference News AMMC 2012

Conference, Above and Below the Waves

22 Artefact Spotlight A possible lead draught number from Saipan shipwreck

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Salute to the Out-Going Executive

As a "rst order of business I would like to thank Ross Anderson on behalf of myself and the Institute for his service as President of AIMA for the past six years. Ross has led AIMA through a period of rapid change and growth, and his insight, humour, diplomacy and leadership has been invaluable. While Ross has stepped down from President, he remains in the role of Vice-President, where he will no doubt continue to help shape and lead AIMA into the future. I would also like to thank Cos Coroneos as he leaves his role of Vice-President. Cos has been a cornerstone of the organisation with his continous support and leadership. Thanks also to Jun Kimura for his role as Treasurer in the last several years.

Into the Future

With that said, I look forward to trying to "ll some very large shoes. AIMA is on the verge of some exciting changes moving into the digital age. From the digitization of the AIMA Bulletin to a redesign of the website, AIMA will continue to lead the world in its e#orts to preserve and showcase the region’s maritime heritage. It also faces challenges from increasing pressures on that very same heritage. AIMA’s global role in maritime heritage research and protection, and more immediately in the Asia-Paci"c region, is crucial to helping our neighbours build strong legislation and e#ective managers to combat increasing threats to their UCH. Additionally, AIMA has been and will continue to be a driving force in e#orts to ratify the UNESCO

2011December

From the President’s desk

Convention. AIMA wrote to Minister for SEWPaC The Honourable Tony Burke (http://www.aph.gov.au/house/members/member.asp?id=DYW) seeking advice and to organise a meeting on the progress of rati"cation and the June 2009 Commonwealth Historic Shipwrecks Act Review. Ross was invited to visit Parliament House in Canberra to meet Minister Burke’s Deputy Chief of Sta# and heritage policy adviser Ann-Marie Woolcock on 7 November 2011. Also attending was Andy Viduka in his capacity as Assistant Director of Maritime Heritage, SEWPaC Heritage and Wildlife Branch. A report back from Ross indicated that AIMA’s position and concerns were well-received and addressed by Ann-Marie, and Andrew Viduka’s comments were well-informed and supportive. Ann-Marie indicated Minister Burke is ‘keen’ to support amending the HS Act and ratifying the UNESCO CPUCH 2001.

AIMA Support

Other recent activities include writing letters of support. Dr Shawn Ross of the University of NSW, in collaboration with several other universities, is seeking NeCTAR (http://nectar.org.au/) funding to establish a nationwide archaeological data service (similar to the ADS in the UK) that will act as a hub for accessing a nationwide database of archaeological reports. AIMA wrote a letter of support for the potential project and indicated that it may be able to contribute to the project should it get funded. Another letter was written in support of the bid to bring IKUWA 6 to Perth in 2016 (http://www.facebook.com/pages/Ikuwa-6Perth-2016/120970778007811). This bid was successful due to the e#orts of a number of AIMA members

and councillors including Wendy van Duivenvoorde, Jennifer Rodrigues, Andy Viduka and Michael Gregg (and non-member Arianna Traviglia). Congratulations to all for winning the bid! We look forward to assisting with the planning and running of the conference.

HSP Funding Application

AIMA submitted its application to the Historic Shipwrecks Program (http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/shipwrecks/program/index.html) for funding in 2012. The application included funds earmarked for the production of AIMA publications (the Bulletin and Newsletter) and support for the annual conference. A new e-learning project focussing on diver heritage awareness was proposed and is in development by a small committee.

Advertising AIMA

In the "rst week of October, AIMA members Paddy Waterson, Ed Slaughter and Toni Massey organised a stall at the annual Oceania Dive Expo (ODEX). The stall was a great success with many members of the dive community stopping to get for more information about AIMA. Suggestions were made for the development of AIMA paraphenalia such as t-shirts and stickers. These items are being developed and will be made available for purchase on the new website. Speaking of the new website, Cass Phillipou is currently working with the designer to "nalise its design. Input from the Executive has been useful and is continuing to make it the best it can be. Look for a launch of the new website in the coming months.

AIMA/ASHA conference in Perth 30 September – 3 October2012

To close, the 2012 AIMA Conference will be held in Perth. Tentative dates havebeen set for 30 Sep. – 3 Oct. This year’s

conference will be held in conjunction with ASHA (Australasian Society for Historical Archaeology, http://www.asha.org.au/) and the joint Turkish/Australian AE2 workshop (http://www.

ae2.org.au/home_page.html). Ross is on the organising committee and will provide more details as the year continues.

Secretary’s ReportAIMA Membership, Governing, and AGM, AIMA Bulletin,

Conference and Publications Funding . . .

AIMA Scholarship Awards

Congratulations to the winners of the 2011 AIMA Scholarship:

Kellie Clayton (Sail and Adventure, Ltd.) – for costs associated with the identi"cation of timbers (lodging knee, deck beam and ceiling planking) from Alma Doepel, which will assist with ongoing restoration of the vessel.

Cassandra Morris – for travel costs associated with her MMA thesis investigating shipwreck collections in museum collections;Steve Cartlidge (Getunder Dive Club) – for the J5 Submarine Anodic Protection Project.

We wish them the best of luck with their projects and look forward to seeing their research results published in the AIMA Newsletter and Bulletin within the coming year.

Many thanks as well to Emily Jate# and the 2011 AIMA Scholarship Committee. And please stay tuned for information from Emily about the 2012 round of the AIMA Scholarship.

Asian Academy for Heritage Manage-ment Asia Paci!c Converence on UCH

The inaugural Asian Academy for Heritage Management Asia Paci"c Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage was a huge success and brought together heritage professionals from Asia-Paci"c nations to present on

their activities. Many AIMA members attended the conference in Manila (Philippines) and highlighted great projects that are currently ongoing in Australia.

AIMA was also involved with assisting several heritage professionals from around the Paci"c region to attend this event through special funding provided by the Commonwealth of Australia’s Department for Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (DSEWPaC). This funding was o#ered to facilitate professional development for underwater archaeo-logists from Paci"c nations and assisted with travel costs to and from Manila. Seven delegates were awarded funding; the awardees were:

Rosanna Barcinas, Guam Preservation Trust

Calvin Emesiochel, Republic of Palau Historic Preservation O$ce

Elia Nakoro, Fiji Museum

Sunny Ngirmang, Republic of Palau Historic Preservation O$ce

John D. San Nicolas, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Coastal Resource Management O$ce

Herman Tudela, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Historic Preservation O$ce

Stevens Titml, Republic of the Marshall Islands Historic Preservation O$ce

2011 AIMA Annual General Meeting (AGM)

The minutes and reports from the AIMA 2011 Annual General Meeting (AGM) are attached to this Newsletter for your perusal. Please direct any questions or comments to AIMA Secretary Jason Raupp at jason.raupp@!inders.edu.au.

— Jason RauppAIMA Secretary

AIMA going digital, UNESCO rati"cation, HSP Funding, IKUWA 6 and AIMA/ASHA conferences in Perth, and more . . . — Jennifer McKinnon

AIMA President

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New South Wales

Heritage Branch

Mildura/ Wentworth Shipwrecks Remote Sensing Survey

Sarah Ward returned to Mildura/Wentworth from 27 November to 3 December to conduct a side scan survey of the Murray River in search of lost paddle steamers. The work was carried out in conjunction with SeaSee Pty Ltd (see below) and follows on from the report of two new wrecks in the river last year and subsequent site inspections, which resulted in the "nding of another three wrecks. A public lecture was given to the Wentworth Historical Society during the visit, and Sarah met with the local Heritage Advisor Jeannette Hope and local residents while there.

Naval Historical Society

Tim Smith and Brad Duncan gave a joint presentation on 18 October to the Naval Historical Society at the Garden Island Naval Base on the M24 and HMAS Australia shipwrecks. The lectures

outlined the 2007 remote sensing survey of the HMAS Australia, which was undertaken in conjunction with Defence Maritime Service and the Royal Australian Navy.

Maritime Research Symposium, University of Sydney

Brad Duncan presented at the Maritime Research Symposium, run by the University of Sydney Archaeology and History Departments, on 11 November. This annual event is designed to highlight research within the NSW maritime sphere. The event was well attended and featured discussion on future directions for maritime/coastal archaeological and historical research in the Sydney basin region.

2011 Volunteer Awards

The NSW Heritage Branch, O$ce of Environment and Heritage, hosted the annual NSW Government Heritage Volunteer Awards event on 9 December. John Riley received a posthumous Heritage Award signed by

Minister for Heritage, the Hon Robyn Parker MP, honouring the twenty-four 2011 ‘heritage heroes’. (Photo courtesy of Heritage Branch)

Minister for Heritage, the Hon Robyn Parker MP, as a mark of his voluntary contributions to maritime heritage identi"cation and management in NSW. The award was collected by his friend and fellow diver, Frits Breuseker. While John was not big on collecting awards for himself, it is "tting that the NSW Government has formally recognised

his long-standing contributions to underwater heritage identi"cation, discovery and interpretation.

Sta# of the Ballina Naval Museum were also acknowledged for their work interpreting the maritime heritage of the Richmond Valley region, while the Cape Byron Friends Volunteers, who have played an integral role in the

presentation and interpretation of the maritime heritage of the Cape Byron Lighthouse, were also acknowledged.

Additional details can be found at: http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/09_subnav_05_11_01.htm.

— Tim Smith, Sarah Wardand Brad Duncan

NSW Government Heritage Volunteer Awards – Maritime

John Riley: This award is being given posthumously to John Riley, a prominent and dedicated "gure in the "eld of Australian maritime archaeology. Riley, who passed away only recently, was an avid diver and, although not a professional maritime archaeologist, was internationally respected for his professional attitude and understanding of iron and steel ships and how they deteriorate under the ocean. Riley became a regular volunteer advising and assisting maritime archaeologists in the "eld and those agencies charged with underwater cultural heritage management. His exhaustive archival research and knowledge of shipwrecks laid the foundation of the NSW Shipwreck Database and he was a pivotal member of the Maritime Archaeology Advisory Panel (MAAP) of the Heritage Council from its inception in 1998 until his retirement in 2002.

Crew Of The Ballina Naval And Maritime Museum: Made up of a number of ex-mariners and community members, the volunteers of the Ballina Naval and Maritime Museum are a dedicated group who recognise the need to preserve and interpret the rich maritime history of the Port of Ballina. One of two museums in the shire that contribute to conserving and promoting the area’s heritage, the Ballina Museum has a diverse collection that focuses on the naval and maritime history of the port and the important role these trades have had in shaping the economic and social development of the northern NSW region.

NEWSAustralasia

Seasee Pty Ltd—A New Resource for Remote Sensing Surveys

Seasee Pty Ltd is a new Sydney based company specialising in affordable sonar and magnetic surveys. Our aim is to address the survey needs of individuals through to research organisations that could not otherwise afford commercial surveys or would be limited to fewer surveys due to budgetary constraints. Being a small concern and having relatively low overhead, our rates are well below those of the big commercial operations.

Geo-referencing sonar and magnetic data is paramount in any survey and some commercial operations can provide centimetre accuracy utilising differential GPS where available and calibrated mobile repeaters where it is not. Seasee, however, endeavours to provide positioning data as accurate as is possible within the bounds of standard commercial GPS equipment, which can be within a metre or so. Far more error, irrespective of the standard of the equipment used, is introduced by layback errors and by operating where line of sight to low orbiting satellites is restricted.

Our primary side scan is a Tritech SeaKing 300Khz utilising DST (Digital Sonar Technology) and CHIRP digital processing. This unit can operate down to 40m depth and has a usable range of up to 200m on each side, making it a ideal for conducting initial surveys of wide rivers in a single pass. Even at larger ranges, the SeaKing provides excellent resolution. Soon, we will

be adding a 765Khz unit, which has higher frequency transducers and is excellent for close, high-resolution work.

For magnetic surveys, we employ a Marine Magnetics Sea Spy magnetometer. Commercial survey companies all over the world use this machine. It has many desirable attributes, including superior sensitivity, which is an order higher than that of the better proton magnetometers, and no restrictions as to where it can operate or in which direction it is towed. The SeaLink software that comes with the SeaSpy is quite comprehensive, but is not able to provide a contour plot. We are currently working on adding this capability or switching to a different software package that can plot magnetic contours. We are also looking at producing depth and hardness contour maps utilising our powerful Koden sounder and GPS equipment.

Seasee also operates a proprietary drop camera system that utilises a low light, high-resolution colour camera. Lighting is provided by three 800 lumen LED lights. Topside, the video signal is displayed on a 15-inch HD video monitor and recorded on a HD DVD recorder.

Seasee has two trailerable boats, one suitable only for use in protected waters and the other for offshore work. The inshore boat is a 17-ft tinnie that is well set for survey work and is easy to trailer. Seasee will travel to just about anywhere—truly one of the most enjoyable aspects of doing this kind of work. To date,

Seasee has participated in two river surveys for the Office of Environment and Heritage NSW.

If you would like more information or are interested in soliciting a project bid, please contact Frits Breuseker at frits@bigpond.com or check online atwww.seasee.com.au.

— Frits Breuseker

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Northern Territory

Communities (SEWPAC) under the Historic Shipwrecks Program.

Shipwreck Inspector Training

On 25 October, SEWPAC ran the "rst Commonwealth’s Historic Shipwrecks Act inspector training course in the Northern Territory. Attached to the AELERT Conference, which was hosted in Darwin this year, the training was well attended by Heritage Branch sta#, Darwin Port Corporation personnel and the NT Water Police. Thanks to Grant Luckman and Luke Bond for running an excellent course. Thanks also to Brad Duncan for giving a presentation on the M-24 submarine to the Heritage Branch the day before; it was fascinating and relevant to our own work.

Hudders"eld Shipwreck – Heritage Advisory Council’s Statement of Heritage Value

At its 88th meeting on 9 December 2011, the Northern Territory’s Heritage Advisory Council determined that the Hudders!eld shipwreck is worthy of inclusion on the Heritage Register and, therefore, will seek public comment on the proposal (See AIMA Newsletter Volume 30, Issue 3 for site history). Already provided statutory protection under the Commonwealth’s Historic Shipwrecks Act, this will provide complementary protection and local recognition of its signi"cance. The

Council provides the following draft Statement of Heritage Value (which in some jurisdictions is referred to as the Statement of Signi"cance):

The Hudders"eld was a three masted wooden auxiliary schooner built in 1919 in New South Wales, which sank in Frances Bay, Darwin Harbour in 1929. The Hudders"eld had been chartered to transport a punitive police expedition to Arnhem Land to rescue supposed survivors of the wreck of the Douglas Mawson. Rumours had reached Darwin that the male survivors had been killed and the women held captive. Following widespread public outrage the Hudders"eld was dispatched to rescue the women and arrest the captors. The incident became famous; !rstly for the moral imperative to rescue the women, then the failure of the expedition due to the shortcomings of the Hudders"eld, and !nally the realisation that the story itself was untrue. The Hudders"eld was a key player in a story that revealed the fears and misunderstandings wider Australian society had of Arnhem Land Aboriginal people.

The remains of the Hudders"eld have an ability to demonstrate a number of signi!cant elements regarding Australian ship building, early marine engines and the speci!c

maritime history of the Northern Territory. The remaining structure shows aspects of what was a large copper sheathed vessel built of native timber by the famous Australian builder J. Dent. The early hot bulb oil burning marine engines are rare examples of a signi!cant stage in technical development between steam and diesel. They may also show evidence of local adaptations and !eld modi!cations. The artefact assemblage may provide further information about the early life of the ship, and its later years as a "oating equipment storage for the pearling "eet. The wreck of the Hudders"eld constitutes one of the only historic wooden wrecks located in the Northern Territory.

— David Steinberg

Florence D Expedition October 2011

From the 4–10 October 2011, the Heritage Branch ran an expedition to the WWII shipwreck Florence D, located north-west of Bathurst Island. The objective was to progress our understanding of the site, particularly the overall morphology of the wreck and the extent of exposed cargo.

We had a strong team made up of both inter-State and local divers that included Jason Raupp (Flinders University), Ross Anderson (WA Maritime Museum), James Parkinson (Professional Diving Services, Victoria), Craig Garland (NT Water Police), Grant Treloar (Darwin Sub Aqua Club) and David Steinberg (NT Heritage Branch).

There are three peaks in the relief of the wreck; these being the bow, midships and stern. These peaks were buoyed to mark the orientation of the wreck for side scan surveys, and to possibly double as shot lines for the divers. A number of side scan surveys were conducted using the Department’s Imagnex ‘red "n’ side scan sonar. This was operated from the mother-ship’s tender, which was capable of maintaining consistent, slower speeds, thereby providing more optimum conditions for the sonar’s operation.

The diving component was massively

hampered throughout the "eldtrip by very poor visibility. The wreck sits in 18 metres of water, with the wreck’s peaks at between 11 and 14 metres depth. The divers experienced su$cient visibility at the 4–5 metres mark. However, closer to the seabed, visibility dropped to well below one metre. This varied over the "eldtrip, but did not improve su$ciently to make any di#erence. For the "rst half of the expedition, visibility was a#ected by "ne sediment stirred up from the sea bottom. As work progressed, it was hoped that the sediment would settle and visibility improve. However, a coral bloom then moved over the site and enveloped the wreck in a white cloud. This persisted until we had reached the end of the optimum tidal period.

While poor diving conditions made it impossible for divers to follow through with the original methodology—conducting transects and searches and building a detailed site sketch—the side scan images made a signi"cant contribution to the interpretation of the site. It was certainly proven that di#erent scans provided di#erent perspectives of the wreck, with di#erent scans shadowing some key features but revealing others. The aims of the diving operations changed to verifying (‘ground truthing’) features that had

been interpreted and singled out in the scans. Features identi"ed include a main boiler and hatch coamings. Side scan sonar analysis also resulted in new areas of interest for future investigations, including what may be the remains of the engine bed. Multiple scans taken on this and the 2009 "eldtrip will be used as layers to build up a detailed sketch of the wreck, similar to how a site plan is traced from a photo-mosaic.

The di$cult dive conditions reinforced the importance of remote sensing tools—particularly side scan sonar—in wreck research, interpretation and management in the Northern Territory.

Finally, the team gave a heartfelt send o# to our friend and colleague, John Riley, who passed away recently. John was on the team the last time the Heritage Branch visited the site.

The "eldwork to Florence D was funded by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and

Using the tender for side scan; which provided slower speeds for optimum operation. (Photo courtesy of NT Heritage Branch)

Ross Anderson drawing up a site sketch by tracing multiple side scan images. (Photo courtesy of NT Heritage Branch)

AGA system provided diver to diver and diver to surface communication. The wreck is marked by the two buoys in the background. (Photo courtesy of NT Heritage Branch)

A side scan image in which major parts of the hull are visible, revealing the wreck’s general layout. Other key features are in shadow. The new area of interest will be investigated by divers in the future, with better visibility. (Photo courtesy of NT Heritage Branch)

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selected submerged archaeological remains of the Battle of Saipan for the creation of an underwater heritage trail. A combination of archival research and systematic archaeological survey and mapping was conducted for each site. The project and trail encourages local involvement in the preservation of submerged sites through consultation and volunteer opportunities, and provides economic bene"ts to the community and a sustainable program for interpreting and preserving WWII heritage.

The heritage trail includes 12 U.S. and Japanese vehicles, planes, and shipwrecks. The sites range from snorkel depths to 30 feet (9m) of water and are interpreted for both divers and non-divers. The project produced underwater laminated guides for each site that include a site plan, photographs, brief histories of the wrecks, GPS locations and information on how to access the sites. Four thematic colour posters were also developed and include detailed histories of the wrecks as well as information about the importance of conserving and preserving these heritage resources.

See Saipan Tribune (http://www.saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?newsID=113852&cat=1), Flinders News (http://blogs.!inders.edu.au/!inders-news/2011/10/) and Flinders University Archaeology (http://www.!inders.edu.au/ehl/archaeology/research-pro"le/current-projects/abpp/).

Other goings-on in the MAP

In addition to the aforementioned Saipan Governor’s Humanities

Awards, Jennifer McKinnon was awarded a Flinders University’s 2011 Vice-Chancellor’s Award for Early Career Researchers for her teaching and research efforts.

Flinders students took a Master Class in cannon recording on Friday, 14 October. Jennifer lectured on the history of cannon use and manufacture, and how to record them archaeologically. Afterwards, the students went out in the rain to record cannon around Glenelg. They sketched, measured, and made scale drawings of two cannons at the Old Gum Tree, where, in 1836, Captain John Hindmarsh proclaimed the establishment of the South Australian colony.

This Master Class was followed by a two-day Master Class in early November on archaeological illustration using AutoCAD. Lead by Wendy van Duivenvoorde, students and industry professionals made 2D technical drawings of pottery and other artefacts suitable for publication.

On 25 October, Wendy van Duivenvoorde attended a Master Class organised by the Institute of Advanced Studies at the University of Western Australia, and presented a paper on the archaeology of late 16th- and 17th-century Dutch postal systems in the Indian Ocean. From 16–19 November, she travelled to San Francisco to attend the American School of Oriental Research (ASOR) Annual Meeting and presented a paper in a session on the Kyrenia shipwreck. She has been working on the ship’s fasteners and anchor remains since 2006. Wendy also was invited, along with Alistair Paterson from UWA, to serve on a plenary

panel and attend a strategic meeting on the future of dendrochronological studies in Australia. The strategic meeting for researchers using tree rings was hosted by the Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering (AINSE) in Sydney on 28 November.

C. Y. O’Connor Beach Survey

Flinders Maritime Archaeology Program was well represented by students participating in the Koombana Bay fieldwork (a.k.a., the “Car Park Whalers project”) in Bunbury. Following that project, Flinders University Maritime Archaeology post-graduate student Danielle Wilkinson conducted an archaeological survey with Wendy

Flinders University Maritime Archaeology Program

Flinders Researcher Receives Saipan Humanities Award

On 31 October, Flinders archaeologist and current AIMA President Dr Jennifer McKinnon received an award from the

Governor of Saipan for her work in

developing an underwater heritage trail of World War

II relics on the Paci"c island,

what is today part of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI).

Jennifer is Director of Studies of Flinders University’s Department of Archaeology and lecturer in the department’s Maritime Archaeology Program. She received one of the four annual Saipan Governor’s Humanities Awards sponsored by the O$ce of the Governor and the Northern Marianas Humanities Council (http://www.nmihumanities.org/). The Council cited her as “the driving force behind the World War II Maritime Heritage Trail,” which chronicles the history of the Battle of Saipan through nine popular dive sites. The Trail “provides a unique dive experience that can be found only in the CNMI,” and is an excellent example of heritage tourism for the islands.

One of 12 small islands in the Mariana archipelago, Saipan was the scene of "erce and protracted "ghting between Japanese and American forces in 1944. Its shallow coastal waters are littered with battle"eld remnants, including the wrecks of ships and landing craft, fragments of aeroplanes and stranded tanks. The project documents these relics and provides interpretive material, such as dive guides, for visitors.

In her statement of acceptance, Jen thanked all agencies, groups, and individuals involved in the project and dedicated the award “to those Chamorro, Carolinian, American, Japanese, Korean, and Filipino individuals who lost their lives and to those who did not.” She added, “We hope that through our e#orts we may capture and interpret the importance of your participation in such an occasion of world history.”

Major funding for the project comes from the United States National Parks Service’s American Battle"eld Protection Program (http://www.nps.gov/hps/abpp/).

WWII and the Battle of Saipan

The Battle of Saipan was fought between American and Japanese forces in what is today known as the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. For both sides, it was one of the most politically and militarily signi"cant battles fought during the war. The massive operation involved

thousands of troops from all branches of the U.S. military and hundreds of vehicles, vessels and weapons. Casualties were tremendous on both sides; U.S. forces lost 3,426 of 67,451 troops, while 29,500 of Japan’s 31,629 troops were killed. The American capture of Saipan brought land-based, long-range B-29 bombers within range of Japan. An intensive strategic bombing campaign, culminating in the "rst use of the atomic bomb, brought an end to the war without an invasion of the Japanese homeland, which would have resulted in tremendous loss of life on both sides.

WWII Maritime Heritage Trail

The WWII Maritime Heritage Trail Project identi"ed and documented

South Australia

(top) A Sherman tank in the shallows; (middle) wreck of a LVT(A)-4 Amtrack amphibious vehicle; (bottom) the propellor of a H8K Kawanishi Japanese sea plane. (Photo courtesy of Jennifer McKinnon)

Danielle Wilkinson and Wendy van Duivenvoorde locate the position of the magnetometer survey grid with DGPS. (Photo by Mark Polzer)

Wooden remains of an unknown barge wreck. (Photo by Mark Polzer)

C. Y. O’Connor Beach survey area. (Photomosaic by Mark Polzer)

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Projects

Following up from our June report is a summary of MAAV’s activities over the second half of this year.

Eleutheria Survey

16 July 2011 — Two boats set out from Paterson River with MAAV divers accompanied by Rhonda Steel and Toni Massey from Heritage Victoria’s Maritime Heritage Unit (MHU). Divers set a datum on the stem of the Eleutheria wreck to act as a standard levelling point for all other site measurements. Des Williams and Pete Taylor surveyed the starboard stern area of the wreck, mapping in the sternpost, several frames, ceiling and external planking to the site plan. At the same time, Mick Whitmore and John Yong mapped the port side of the wreck, while Toni and Rhonda trilaterated several features at the bow.

Malcolm Venturoni generously provided the team with use of his work boat, Bubbles, and James Parkinson served as coxswain. James also dived, video recording parts of the wreck and discovering a large D-shackle o# the port bow.

Goorangai Corrosion Monitoring

23 July 2011 — HMAS Gooangai, a 223-ton auxiliary minesweeper of the Royal Australian Navy, sank at the southern end of Port Phillip on 20 November 1940 as a result of an accidental

collision with MV Duntroon, making it the RAN’s "rst loss of World War II and the "rst RAN surface ship to be lost in wartime. The wreck was soon after demolished with explosives to clear the shipping lane.

In November 2006, 24 sash weights were placed on site as part of the Port Phillip corrosion project. In July of this year, it was time to recover a number more for cleaning and weighing. After a great deal of searching (the site has become overgrown with sponges and marine growth) Mick Whitmore and Pete Taylor managed to "nd two. The were cleaned and weighed and have added to the knowledge of corrosion rates on sites throughout Port Phillip.

Winchester Search

23 July 2011 — Whilst in the southern reaches of Port Phillip, and after "nishing work on the Goorangai site, Mick and Pete took the opportunity to conduct a sidescan search for the remains of Winchester. Chances of "nding much of this vessel are slim at best; perhaps a few timbers might be exposed in the sandy seabed.

Winchester was a 31-metre-long wooden barque built in Sunderland, England, in 1837. On 16 April 1853, the vessel was lying at anchor o#

Queenscli#, waiting for a strong south-westerly breeze to abate so that it could make way to sea. In the late morning, "re broke out in the aft of ship, eventually igniting some 50 lbs of gunpowder stowed there. The vessel burned to within a few feet of its waterline, as apparently the crew abandoned ship rather than extinguishing the !ames.

In the early 1900s, the wreck hazard was demolished with explosives. The well-known Victorian shipwreck author, Don Love, had at one time drifted over some timbers that he believed to be part of the wreck. The area, however, is subject to sand movements and so the site is exposed only on occasion.

Using historical references, the site’s location was estimated and a 400 x 400 metre grid charted around this point. Unfortunately, the survey produced nothing remarkable in the sonar footage, but there is a good chance that the remains were simply buried during this particular attempt.

Clarence Reburial Project

26 July 2011 — Des Williams and Pete Taylor accompanied the MHU to the Clarence site, o# St Leonards, to collect a number of sand samples for Deb She"’s PhD project (Flinders University).

Maritime Archaeology Association of Victoria

The Eleutheria wreck site in Port Phillip. (Photo from Victorian Heritage Database)

The RAN’s !rst casualty, HMAS Gooangai, in Victorian waters in 1940. (Photo Naval Historical Collection, Australian War Memorial, image ID NO. 068379)

The Society for Underwater Historical Research is very pleased to announce the availability

of a new publication, The Society for Underwater Historical Research: Publications 1974-2004.

This is a collection of the entire published works of the SUHR, from its creation in 1974 up until 2004, reproduced in digital format, along with two works originally prepared by two of DENR’s antecedents and some previously unpublished SUHR material. The collection contains the following:

15 special reports detailing the "ndings of research and "eldwork,

including the two publications produced in 2006: a facsimile of South Australian Shipwrecks: A Database 1802–1989, and The Morgan Project;

11 Annual Reports covering the years from 1976 to 1990;

182 newsletters (3 separate series);

4 miscellaneous publications including the DENR publications: The Water Witch Wrecksite: A Report on the Identi!cation, Survey & Partial Recovery of the Wrecksite, and the previously unpublished The Raising of the Loch Vennachar Anchor; and

supplementary material including an

index, a bibliography and an overview of the SUHR’s history and operations.

Due to its large size (i.e., 270 Mb or approximately 3500 A4 pages), initial distribution will be on CD-ROM for a nominal fee to cover costs. Copies can be ordered from suhrpublications@hotmail.com, while an online version is proposed for launch in 2012. Refer to https://sites.google.com/site/suhrpublications/publications-1974-2004for more information.

— David Cowan

van Duivenvoorde and fellow students at C. Y. O’Connor Beach, south of Fremantle. The study is part of her masters thesis on this area and its changing maritime cultural landscape.

Better known as Robb’s Jetty, an abattoir in this area formed its main industry for many years. Although the abattoir is long gone, cattle no longer arrive by ship, and the jetty remains are essentially confined to submerged terrain, the remains of two vessels, the ship Wyola and an unidentified tug, are the most prominent features of today’s landscape. The area is still used for recreational purposes by beach

goers and dog walkers, swimmers, snorkelers, and divers.

New Boat Arrives!

In the last quarter of 2012, the maritime archaeology program at Flinders University welcomed a new boat, shared with marine sciences and biology, and side-scan sonar. The boat, yet to be named and outfitted for use, is a 6.5m-long Gemini Elite 650 Rigid hull inflatable.

— Wendy van Duivenvoorde

Society for Underwater and Historical Research

Flinders Maritime Archaeology Program’s new boat, a 6.5m-long Gemini Elite 650 RIB.

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As reported in the 2010 Newsletter, the MAAV assisted Deb and the MHU in digging a series of pits just o# the site and placing within them di#erent types of sand. This was to enable Deb to determine the best type of sand for reburial of objects, and at what levels the sand become anoxic.

Using a pneumatic hammer to drive acrylic tubes into the sand, two samples were taken from each pit—six in total. It was a successful day, with the task being completed in a short amount of time.

Search for Water Witch

13 August 2011 — Water Witch was a 40-feet-long trading ketch that sank o# the bay-side suburb of Blackrock in 1870; there is no record of it being recovered. Until the early 1990s, the area where it sank was dredged for scallops, so chances are there is little left of the wreck.

In spite of this, MAAV mounted a sidescan sonar survey over the position given in a Notice to Mariners, covering a 400 x 400 metre grid with 25-metre-wide lanes. The search took nearly two hours, with schools of bait "sh creating a good many ‘shadows’ and partly obscuring the seabed. The survey produced only a single hard target, which will be investigated further in the future.

City of Launceston Corrosion Monitoring and Eleutheria Survey

20 August 2011 — The MAAV team visited the City of Launceston wreck to collect four sash weights for the corrosion project. With 15 metres of visibility, the wreck could be seen from just below the surface. After some searching, Des Williams, Pete Taylor and new MAAV member Puspendu Gosh recovered four weights and enjoyed the rare favourable visibility in the bay. (Apparently, the lads got a bit competitive over who would "nd the "nal sash weight.)

The team then dived on Eleutheria to continue the survey work of mapping the starboard side of wreck. Again, our thanks go to Malcolm Venturoni for providing Bubbles, and to Russell

‘Rustee’ Stewart for serving as our coxswain for the day.

Search for Reliance

21 August 2011 — Southern Ocean Exploration (SOE) continue to pursue the wreck of Reliance, a small paddle steamer that sank o# Cape Schanck in 1869. Pete Taylor mapped out a one kilometre square search grid for the sidescan sonar survey. The conditions were ideal, with calm seas and blue skies, and the team managed to complete one half of the grid in the time allotted. No targets stood out, but the team is planning to return in the near future.

5 October 2011 — Pete Taylor returned to Brighton for a second attempt at "nding the wreck of Water Witch. He covered another 400 x 400 metre area that included the target documented in August. Once again, however, large schools of bait "sh hindered the sonar search and he found nothing that resembled a shipwreck.

8 October 2011 — A dive team of Pete Taylor, Puspendu Gosh and new MAAV member Youri Casselein, with Rustee Stewart as coxswain, continued mapping the Eleutheria site. The divers "rst mapped the large D-shackle found by James Parkinson in July. It measures 45 x 30cm, with a metal diameter (thickness) of 12cm, and was obviously part of the salvage equipment.

Besides this, the team mapped another 10 metres of hull over their two dives. Few frames were visible, mostly internal or external planking. MAAV have now surveyed about one half of the wreck.

22 October 2011 — A MAAV and MHU team, in two boats, returned to continue recording the Eleutheria wreck. Mick Whitmore and his buddy Rob Norris, Des Williams, Pete Taylor and MHU’s Toni Massey arrived onboard Bubbles, while Sven Bartels came out in his own boat. On the "rst dive, Mick and Rob photographed features around the outer edge of the wreck site, while Des and Pete mapped the starboard side and Toni and Sven measured in the port bow.

In between dives, some rain squalls past over, causing Toni to abandon Bubbles and scramble over to Sven’s dryer boat. They were observed through the clear canopy enjoying hot drinks while staying dry and warm.

On the second dive, Mick and Pete continued work on the starboard side of the wreck, "nishing up near the starboard bow, while Toni and Sven continued their work on the port side.

3 December 2011 — MAAV returned again to Eleutheria. Since the weather forecast for the day was not particularly good, only one dive was planned. The dive team consisted of Puspendu Gosh (Push), Youri Casselein, Mick

Mark Ryan at the helm of MV Action during the search for Reliance. (Photo by Peter Taylor)

A large D-shackle found on the Eleutheria wreck site. (Photo by James Parkinson)

The stern of Coramba. (Photo by Mark Ryan)

Whitmore, Des Williams and Pete Taylor, with Rustee Stewart again serving as coxswain on Malcolm Venturoni’s boat Bubbles. Des and Pete completed the mapping of the starboard side, while Toni and Mick surveyed portions of the port side and Push and Youri surveyed features in the port stern area.

Overall, the site plan is progressing well; the starboard side is complete, and the port side should as well soon, requiring only a few more dives.

9 December 2011 — Mark Ryan led a team of SOE divers to the wreck of TSS Coramba. Located in 64 metres of water, the site still has a number of unanswered questions that can only be solved by diving the site and recording it in detail with photographs and video. The divers were treated to rare, clear-blue water, with the divers able to see over half of the wreck thanks to the excellent visibility. The main objective of the dive was to determine the orientation of the vessel on the sea !oor, which will provide additional evidence for what happened during the vessel’s "nal hours before sinking.

Using a compass, Mark determined that the wreck is lying in a north-south direction, with the bow pointing towards the south. The vessel is lying on its port side, almost upside down. For the "rst time, the divers penetrated into the bowels of the wreck. Mark observed the engine-room telegraph in amongst the wreckage, but it will have to wait for another day to discover what setting it is on. Mark took some excellent video footage to establish the layout of the site.

23 December 2011 — The Great Port Melbourne Survey Project: (TGPMSP) is still progressing with grid number 5 being completed. This was another 500 x 500 metre area that was surveyed using 30m lanes. To date, a total area of 2.5 x 0.5 kilometres has been completed. Finds so far include a number of ballast mounds, along with numerous small targets that will require diver veri"cation.

Pete Taylor plans to complete one additional sector to the south before moving to the east and then "nally to the north, covering a total area measuring 3 x 1 kilometres. The aim of the project is to discover any remnants of the clipper ships that caught "re and burnt o# Port Melbourne in the 19th century.

— Peter Taylor

Coramba’s telegraph. (Photo by Mark Ryan)

Western AustraliaWA Museum Special Exhibits

“Extraordinary Stories”

The WA Museum and British Museum have collaborated to present Extraordinary Stories featuring artefacts from the collections of both institutions. The exhibition was originally installed for the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) held in Perth during October 2011, and is the "rst time many of the objects have been displayed outside of the British Museum. Of archaeological and maritime archaeological interest are some of the oldest human made stone artefacts discovered from Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania, artefacts from the Salcombe cannon wreck in England, and the prow of an 18th-century Maori war canoe. “Extraordinary Stories” is on display at the WA Museum, Perth until 5 February 2012. For more information, visit the exhibition’s website at

http://www.museum.wa.gov.au/extraordinary-stories/

Exhibition Excerpts

Two exhibited objects of particular interest to this audience are an ornately carved central panel from the prow of an 18th-century AD Maori war canoe, and a wooden shield from Papua New Guinea made sometime in the second half of the 19th century AD. The canoe prow piece is considered to be the best surviving example of the type known as tuere, with a separate splashboard and a triangular base "tted onto the central panel. Maori war canoes could be in excess of twenty metres long and could carry up to 140 warriors. They were made with great care and attention to detail, and served

as a focus of tribal pride. They were painted and adorned with feathers, and accompanying paddles and bailers were often elaborately decorated.

The archer’s shield comes from the Vailala area of Papua New Guinea and

Prow from a Maori war canoe (tuere).(Courtesy

of the British Museum)

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would have been used by a bowman. It is supported by a shoulder strap and has an arm slot at the top, which allowed a warrior to have both arms free for his bow and arrow. The circles painted on this shield represent a powerful ancestor, who would have helped to bring the warrior success in battle. In the western Paci"c, shields are not camou!aged, but are instead decorated with bold and dazzling designs intended to intimidate the enemy.

“Immerse: Exploring the Deep”

WA Museum maritime archaeology curator Corioli Souter worked with the Society for Underwater Technology (SUT) and corporate partners, including Woodside and GE Oil and Gas, to develop an exciting exhibition—Immerse: Exploring the Deep—of the history and current state of underwater technologies used to explore the oceans. Exhibits include a collection of diving helmets from the Langley Diving Collection, Queensland Museum; the door of the RMS Niagara strongroom, recovered during salvage in World War II; and numerous examples of ROVs (remotely operated vehicles), AUVs (autonomous underwater vehicles), diving equipment and models of oil and gas infrastructure. An on-line exhibition allows users to explore a three-dimensional recreation of the wreck of HMAS Sydney and other exhibition highlights.The exhibition is on display at the WA Museum-Maritime, Victoria Quay, Fremantle until 2 March 2012.

For more information, consult the

WA Museum’s website at http://www.museum.wa.gov.au/immerse/.

Exhibition Excerpt

One of the exhibition highlights is an Augustus Siebe diving helmet from the Langley Collection. The helmet consists of a copper bonnet attached to a 12-bolt corselet that held in place a fully sealed diving suit. The position of a non-adjustable exhaust valve at the back of the bonnet and the presence of

an associated exhaust bridge suggest a construction date of 1844. Heavy solder around the bridge reveals it to be a modi"cation, indicating an earlier date of manufacture between 1840 and 1844, making it the second oldest surviving diving helmet.

The side ports are of convex glass, but the screw-in faceplate is !at glass and not original. A basic spitcock (outlet tap) has also been added, probably after 1870. The maker’s name is stamped into the front centre of the corselet, a practice which continued

Woodside diver working underwater. (Courtesy of Woodside)

Wooden shield for a bowman. (Courtesy of the British Museum)

Augustus Stebe diving helmet from the Langley Diving Collection. (Courtesy of the Queensland Museum)(Insert) Portrait of Augustus Stebe, German-born inventor of the closed diving helmet, ca. 1840.

A CGI (Computer Generated Image) model of the wreck of HMAS Sydney lying on the seabed. (Image by Thomas Schmid, reproduced with permission)

until the 1870s, when the Siebe Gorman company began to attach name plates.

Department of Maritime Archaeology Field Work

SS Florence D, Northern Territory

From 4–10 October 2011, Ross Anderson participated in "eldwork on the United States’ World War II blockade runner Florence D (1942). The project is directed by David Steinberg of Heritage Branch, Northern Territory Department of Natural Resources, Environment, the Arts and Sport.

Koombana Bay, Bunbury, WA

Archaeological "eldwork was carried out on the Koombana Bay foreshore, Bunbury from 20–28 November 2011 as a joint project of the City of Bunbury and the WA Museum. The project was to identify anomalies found during magnetometer and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys in 2009 on two lots of Crown Land, Lot 881 and Lot 882.

The "eldwork included water probe surveys (up to 5.5m depth) and site excavations. The latter revealed the bow of a large shipwreck buried under 4 metres of sand on Lot 882, and two sites with parts of hulls buried under 1 metre of sand on Lot 881. Dewatering of the sites was required to allow excavation, as they lay up to 2.5 metres below the ground water table.

The largest site located was the

coherent bow structure of a wooden shipwreck on Lot 882, indicating between 2.4 and 2.7 metres of well-preserved buried hull remains. The bow had iron reinforcing knees (hull supports), copper alloy and treenail (wooden) fastenings, and copper alloy sheathing.

One of the two smaller sites on Lot 881 is the side of a ship’s hull over 10 metres in length with iron knees, treenails and copper fastenings. The other Lot 881 site was di$cult to interpret due to some curious structural features, although it is thought to be part of a ship’s deck. Historical references to the deck of the shipwrecked Midas (1876) being re-used to construct a !at-bottomed vessel—used to transport jarrah piles to ships anchored in Koombana Bay—provide one possible

explanation for the structure.Timber and metal samples and artefacts from the sites, including a deck light and a section of stem sheathing with waterline markings, were recovered. WA Museum conservators also have taken samples of the wood and iron fastenings for further testing and identi"cation. At conclusion of the "eldwork, all sites were back"lled under geotextile to preserve the remains in-situ.

A water probe survey on the last day located another large site, likely to be the American whaler Samuel Wright (1840), under 4 metres of sand. The targeting of the water probe survey and possible identi"cation is based on surveyor Ray Parkes’ recalculation of government surveyor Henry

Ommaney’s 1840 survey of Bunbury, which used Samuel Wright’s mast as a trig point. Wood samples have been obtained from this site for further testing.

Additionally, an historic archaeological site was investigated outside the study area on the northern shores of the Leschenault Estuary, which is possibly the 1840’s Western Australian Company storehouse. The storehouse was used for storing and transporting supplies for trans-shipping by lighters to Australind. There are historical references to this storehouse being repaired with timbers from Samuel Wright.

The excavation project team consisted of over 60 participants including

WA Museum sta# from the Depart-ments of Maritime Archaeology, Materials Conservation, Anthro-pology and Maritime History; City of Bunbury project manage-ment sta#;

the Flinders University of SA;

students,;Earth Imprints cultural heritage consultants;

Natural Resources, Environment, the Arts and Sport, Heritage Branch

WA (MAAWA) volunteers;

Department of Surveying, South

Project !eld director Ross Anderson working in an excavation trench. (Photo from thewest.com.au)

Contemporary scene of a whale ship with a whale in a cove (probably Te Awaiti, New Zealand, ca. 1840). (Image from National Library of Australia)

Mack McCarthey and Ross Anderson inspect some copper alloy sheathing. (Photo from carparkwhalers.com)

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West Institute of TAFE;

(dewatering and water probe surveys);

operator John Cross originally uncovered the wrecks in the 1960s when working for Cable Sands.

A large public archaeology component to the "eldwork involved public lectures in the evenings, held at City of Bunbury theatrette, and public tours of the site between Wednesday and Sunday. The project garnered a good deal of media interest, with coverage from the South West Times, Bunbury Herald, West Australian, GWN 9, WIN News, ABC 7.30 Report, ABC Southwest Radio and Curtin Radio.

As a result there was signi"cant public interest and visitor numbers, and members of the community came forward providing historical information and photographs. Artefacts were also donated to the museum, including a piece of teapot recovered from the continental shelf by a shark "sherman and 230,000 year old fossilised bones from the Geographe Bay hinterland. The City of Bunbury Mayor, CEO, Councillors, and sta# from the South West Development Commission also visited the site.

Ian McCann from MAAWA "lmed the entire "eldwork for the purpose of making a "lm for the WA Museum. Alan Lindsay and Helen Clucas of Vue Group also made a series of eight short "lm documentaries (funded by Screen West, LotteryWest and South West Development Commission) that were uploaded onto the project’s website

(www.carparkwhalers.com) daily. Their "lms and 3D animation work received worldwide interest, with the site registering between 5th and 8th place worldwide in number of hits on MySpace during the excavation.The shipwrecks in the location of the pre-1896 shoreline on Lots 881 and 882 are a signi"cant maritime heritage resource for Bunbury, as they have been buried and protected as a result of coastal changes resulting from port development, and remain well preserved. A report is in preparation for the City of Bunbury and it is hoped that further work to investigate potential archaeological sites can be conducted in the future. Thanks to all volunteers, participants and supporters who worked so hard to make this project such a successful!

Conferences

AIMA/ASHA Conference 30 September– 5 October 2012

Planning is underway for the joint AIMA/ASHA conference to be held in Perth during the week of 30 September –5 October. It is proposed that it be held in conjunction with a workshop on Australian submarine AE2, with participation from Turkish colleagues from Dokuz Eylül (September 9th) University, Turkish Institute of Nautical Archaeology (TINA) and AE2 Commemoration Foundation. The conference will be held in Fremantle, with locations at Notre Dame University, WA Museum and Rottnest Island. For more information contact Ross Anderson at the WA Museum (ross.anderson@museum.wa.gov.

au) or Dr Shane Burke at Notre Dame University (shane.burke@nd.edu.au).

Conference Papers

Jeremy Green attended and presented at the Inaugural Asia-Paci"c Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage (http://www.apconf.org/) in Manila in November on the topic of maritime archaeology of ships of the Indian Ocean, Southeast Asia and East Asia. The research discussed covers maritime archaeological work that has been carried out in the region, including studies of regional shipbuilding traditions and construction methods, and the challenges that maritime archaeologists and heritage managers face in attempting to preserve and learn from the rich volume of underwater cultural resources located within this region. Vicki Richards and Jon Carpenter also presented their paper at the conference on conservation awareness in archaeology for archaeologists, as well as the invaluable contribution that diving conservators make in archaeological "eldwork operations.

Publications

AIMA Bulletin Volume 35

Editor Myra Stanbury is in the "nal stages of producing the next issue of the AIMA Bulletin, due out in print in early 2012.

— Ross Anderson

Mike Davis, Bermuda’s preeminent maritime historian, has researched the Sir George Arthur event and found reference to it in the island’s Royal Gazette (http://www.royalgazette.com/) of 7 June 1842, which categorically states that the ship grounded out on the Western reefs and was a total wreck.

There is a clear inconsistency here, as the Northern reefs represent a completely di#erent aspect of Bermuda’s reef system from the Western reefs. Generally speaking, the Northern and Eastern reefs face towards Europe, whilst the Southern and Western reefs point to Florida.

The Bermuda Royal Gazette of 7 June 1842 reads:

The hired Transport ship Sir George Arthur, with stores for Government and 80 Convicts for the Hulks at the Dockyard, under the medical charge of Dr. Williams, struck on the rocks at the West end of these Islands, about 11 o’clock at night on Thursday last. The weather at the time being very boisterous, she was driven over the

outer reefs by the force of the sea, where she let-go her anchor. Signal guns were !red on board and blue lights burned, which were observed from the shore; when a number of boats from Somerset (The West End of the Island) notwithstanding the tempestuous weather, and heavy rain falling at the time, pushed o# to her assistance. As soon as they boarded, !nding the vessel in a very leaky state, and impossible to be kept free, they immediately set about landing the passengers and crew. The !rst boat from her reached H.M. Dockyard the next day, at about 11 o’clock, which was the !rst intimation received there of her being a Government vessel, when the authorities immediately despatched one of the H.M. Dockyard steamers, and other craft of the yard, to the assistance of the su#erers; but they were all compelled to return, or seek shelter, owing to the very heavy weather, and a swell occasioned by a strong S.W. wind—The termination of the Sir G.A.’s voyage was truly distressing: but not more than the painful suspense that the passengers

WORLD NEWSThe International Scene(continued from p. 1)

“The Bermudas, or Summer’s Islands”, engraved nautical chart from The West Indian Atlas, 1788, showing anchorages, shoals, sailing courses, etc. (Rumsey Collection)

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were kept in during the latter part of the voyage, occasioned by the mutinous proceedings of 11 of the crew (who are now in prison at H.M. Naval yard) in refusing to do duty and who were consequently placed in con!nement, leaving the vessel to the mercy of the convicts, whom they likewise endeavoured to incite to revolt, but without success; and the ship was worked the remainder of the voyage by the very men who had been placed on board as prisoners, expressing their determination “to take the ship in safely to her port of destination as far as we are capable.” We trust that the good conduct of those men will not be overlooked, and they will be rewarded as they deserve.

The report continues: The captain latterly became very intemperate and almost incapable of doing duty, and was in great measure, the cause and loss of the ship. He and the mate refused to come ashore with the others from the vessel, and during the night of Friday both disappeared,

along with the Long Boat: it is feared they have met with a watery grave. We hope that this will be a warning in future, not to trust so many lives and so much property, to so reckless and unprincipled man, as this captain proved himself to be.

The captain’s name is not given, nor what became of his logbook.

On 25 November of the same year, the New Zealand Colonist and Port Nicholson Advertiser reported the above incident, reprinting the article directly from the Bermuda Royal Gazette.

Sir George Arthur had been out from Portsmouth, England bound for Bermuda on a 48-day voyage. It had on board 80 convicts and paying passengers, along with their belongings, which included a grand piano. Lloyd’s records reveal that Sir George Arthur was a 334-ton barque built for Gordon and Co. at Kangaroo Point, near Hobart Town, in 1839. The vessel was named after Lieutenant General Sir George Arthur, whose description in the Bermuda Historical Quarterly contrasts starkly to that of Robert Hughes in Fatal Shore:

The Sir George Arthur was named after Lieut-General Sir George Arthur (1784–1854). After serving as a young man in the Napoleonic Wars and being twice wounded, he was appointed Lieut-Governor of British Honduras, and in 1823, Lieut-Governor of Tasmania, then Britain’s’ principal penal settlement, which o$ce he held for twelve years and where he instituted many humane reforms in the convict transportation system.

— Bermuda Historical Quarterly (November 1951)

In the same Quarterly, editor Terry Tucker gives an abridged version of the

Royal Gazette’s story of the wrecking of Sir George Arthur, wherein he states categorically that “the ship was driven over the outer reefs at the West End and became a total wreck.” Obviously, many a quandary is posed regarding the actual events of the ship’s wrecking.

With the assistance of Bermudian "sherman and avocational marine archaeologist Billy McCallum, the author relocated the wreck in an area out on the Western reef—the area in question has not been excavated, although it does show signs of activity by artefact hunters.Strong evidence of the wreck’s provenance comes from a hull timber sample taken from the site, which Mark Newell of the Georgia Archaeological

Sample taken from one of the timbers on the shipwreck site. (Photo by Christopher Addams)

1848 woodcut showing prison hulks moored o" Ireland Island, Bermuda. (Image from bermuda-online.org)

Sir George Arthur, 4th Lieutenant-Governor of Van Diemen’s Land (Tasmania), 1824–1836. (Tasmaniana Library)

George Arthur’s proclamation to the Aborigines of c. 1828–1830 while serving as Lieutenant-Governor of Van Diemen’s Land. (Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales)

Institute has identi"ed as Tasmanian pine. Based on this identi"cation, some speci"c artefacts in the midden spread and the inconsistencies in the historic record from currently accepted facts, the evidence all points to the shipwreck on the Western reefs being that of Sir George Arthur. This would also establish that the ship was de"nitely not subsequently “sailed” into Bermuda.

Although the wreck site has not been excavated archaeologically, the midden spread of its cargo is quite substantial, and amongst the bottle and pottery "eld were found GR glass seals from the ship’s Government medical supplies and an abundance of broken porter bottles, typical of early 19th-century free-blown and mould-blown types.

An interesting fact found in the pages of the Bermuda Royal Gazette (14 June 1842) is that a full listing of the salvaged cargo and ship supplies were held at the Victualling Yard at the Dockyard. Convict clothing was sent to the Dromedary prison hulk, while the ship’s rigging, cordage, chain, sails etc. were sold o# at Mangrove Bay in Somerset.

Documentary evidence and archival research of the wrecking indicate that there had been a failed mutiny on board. This is con"rmed in a chance mid-Atlantic meeting between Sir George Arthur and HMS Calcutta, during which the captain of Calcutta was informed of the mutiny and that eleven crewmen were “secured below”, presumably by the ship’s captain and o$cers. According to the records, the captain of Sir George Arthur had been very “intemperate” and somehow, during the course of events, the convicts had

been set loose. This begs the question, where were the marines? Government transports always sailed with a military contingent aboard, especially—one would be expect—if that vessel was transporting a large number of convicts. To date, no mentioned of marines has been found in any record of the voyage or wrecking, although, according to Stranach, there was a guard of 20 Royal Marine o$cers and 393 enlisted men in Bermuda. Furthermore, how did the landlubberly convicts manage to handle the ship in to its eventuality with Bermuda’s reefs—and the Western reefs, at that, rather than those nearer to St George’s.

A logical process of events would have been that the convicts, knowing full well that they faced seven years hard labour in one of the worst penal quarries known, could well have thought that the United States would be a better call if they managed to survive, for the mortality rate in Bermuda’s penal system was atrocious. This then would be consistent with the ship running aground on the Western reefs, rather than those to the north or east.

The ship’s captain would have had to remain on board after the grounding, since to leave the stricken vessel and its contents would amount to abandoning them to potential salvers, who could then claim legal ownership. Apparently, he did decide to leave; according to the o$cial account of events, he set o# the following evening in the ship’s long boat with the ship’s mate, never to be seen or heard from again. Perhaps he took the ship’s logbook with him, since no mention of it is ever made and presumably it did not survive. Alternatively, perhaps, like Bligh, he was set adrift by his mutinous crew—or the convicts—in tempestuous seas and with a reported mood to match.

Furthermore, HMS Calcutta, a major warship of some 2,299 tons, could have provided marines and spare crew had they been needed. Since this was not done, one might suppose that there was no need and that both captains were satis"ed that the situation on Sir George Arthur was well in hand—

remembering, as well, that Sir George Arthur carried government good’s and a government charter (convicts and all), along with paying passengers, and would (or should) have had soldiers on board. It would also seem natural to presume that the Captain of Sir George Arthur was in good standing with his counterpart on Calcutta and that they were of one accord. By all accounts, the latter supplied a helmsman for Sir George Arthur.As for the 80 convicts, it would seem that they went straight to the hulks and the quarries. To date, I have not been able to "nd any pardons or other mitigating circumstances in Government Dispatches of the period to suggest otherwise.

The many missing or contradictory facts relating to these events might well suggest that there was a Government cover-up of the particulars of the incident, especially when considering that the Crown’s representative in Bermuda at that time—the Colonial Secretary—was none other than The Honourable O. R. Arthur, Sir George Arthur’s grandson.

The investigation into these events, and the shipwreck site itself, continues…

— Christopher G. Addams

Chriss Addams holds an MSc in Underwater Archaeology from

Ulster University; the Dromedary prison hulk excavation being accepted as his thesis. His book on the excavation of the site, The Devil Resides in this Place, is due out in early 2012, while another manuscript about glass and pottery containers of the Royal Navy and British Military is in preparation with T. Brown.Questions or comments regarding this story or related research should be directed to the author at:

PO. Box 327MA BX, SomersetBermudaTel. /Fax: +441 234 2014E-mail: cgaddam@hotmail.com

AIMA20NEWSLETTER

AIMA Newsletter | December 2011 | Volume 30 | Issue 4 ISSN 1446–8948

NEWSLETTER21AIMA

AIMA Newsletter | December 2011 | Volume 30 | Issue 4ISSN 1446–8948

Above and Below the WavesAustralian Maritime Museums Council 2012 Conference23–25 FebruaryAustralian National Maritime Museum, Darling Harbour, Sydney

The annual conference of the Australian Maritime Museums Council (AMMC) will be held at Sydney’s beautiful Darling Harbour from 23–26 February. Our hosts will be the Australian National Maritime Museum (ANMM) and Sydney Heritage Fleet. The National Maritime Museum will open its spectacular venues for the conference. Sydney Heritage Fleet’s 1874 tall ship James Craig and the ANMM’s destroyer HMAS Vampire will feature in the program.

In one of Australia’s largest ports, we expect this to be our biggest conference to date. Two days of sessions will encompass themes ranging from maritime archaeology to conservation and exhibitions for small museums. There will also be ample opportunity to catch up with friends and colleagues on cruises and tours of heritage sites and museums.

There will be a pre-conference introduction and short tour of the ANMM and Sydney Heritage Fleet during the day on Thursday 23 February, and a Welcome Reception that evening. A cruise on James Craig will take place on Friday evening followed by the Conference Dinner on Saturday 25 February. There will be an optional tour on Sunday 26 February.

Registration fees are $120 for AMMC Members and $150 for Non-members. Optional extras include:

Introduction & short tour of the ANMM and SHF (free)

James Craig Cruise $60

Dinner $89

Post conference harbour cruise of Sydney Heritage Fleet and Spectacle Island $30

Conference program details and other information is available online, at http://maritimemuseumsaustralia.org, or by contacting Peta Knott on 0407 232 987.

(Above) James Craig at sea; (below) view of Sydney’s CBD from the bow of HMAS Vampire.

CONFERENCE NEWSWorkshopsSymposiaExpos

Phoenician Shipwreck Excavation, Bajo de la Campana, Spain

September saw the completion of the excavation of a Phoenician shipwreck, dated to the end of the 7th century BC, at Bajo de la Campana, Spain. The Claude and Barbara Duthuit Expedition was conducted under the auspices of the Institute of Nautical Archaeology and ran for four seasons, from 2008–2011. The investigation of this site and its recovered material is headed by AIMA’s Mark Polzer, who is researching Phoenician activity in Spain for his Ph.D. thesis at the University of Western Australia through study of the shipwreck’s artefacts. The project has bene"ted from the involvement of other AIMA members and o$cers, including Wendy van Duivenvoorde (Flinders University), Cass Philippou (Heritage Victoria), Matt Carter (University of Otago), Patrick Baker (WA Museum), and Josh Jones (Flinders University).

Bajo de la Campana is a small submerged rock outcropping that lies less than 2 kilometres o#shore from La Manga del Mar Menor, a popular tourist destination on Spain’s Costa Cálida in Murcia. Water depths at the site range from 15m at the base of the Bajo to 20m at the farthest extremity.

Lying exposed on the seaward (eastern) side of the Bajo, the shipwreck site

is subjected to "erce winter storms driven by Levante (easterly) winds. The churning action of storm waves and the site’s history of destructive human intervention, such as salvaging and demolition activities, have caused tremendous disturbance of

the archaeo-logical remains.

The recovered materials come predominately from the ship’s cargo, while virtually nothing remains of the ship itself. It was carrying a mixed cargo of raw materials and "nished goods and, for this reason, the wreck is providing important data about Phoenician commercial activities and mercantile organisation in Spain.

Recovered from the raw material cargo are more than 1 ton of galena (lead ore), 160 plano-convex, mostly disk-shaped, tin ingots and at least 14 similar ingots of copper, nodules of amber, timber, tar or pitch, and a consignment of almost 70 elephant tusks. Among the latter are 7 specimens that bear Phoenician votive inscriptions.

The ivory comes from an African species of elephant, but additional tests are being run to con"rm the particular species and its possible region, and thus potential procurement centres. The raw ore and metals are currently being analysed using lead isotope and quantitative chemical analyses, which hopefully will allow us to determine their source.

The cargo of "nished goods was comprised of a wide variety of ceramic vessels, including a dozen or so transport amphoras from southern Spain and several more of a type produced in Carthage (Tunisia) and central Mediterranean colonies in Sicily and Sardinia, and an assortment of plates and bowls, tripod (three-footed) bowls, oil jars, juglets, pitchers, urns and other containers. Other items include at least 14 double-ended wooden combs decorated with incised lines; 3 ivory knife-handles and a carved ivory band; a !uted limestone pedestal; a bronze ceremonial sceptre or axe in the shape of a forearm and clenched "st holding a lotus blossom; bronze corner "ttings for a bed or couch frame and the bronze legs of a small chair or footstool; boxwood furniture elements; and two bronze incense burner stands.

Also recovered were several sets of lead and bronze pan-balance weights, an oil lamp with two nozzles, the slender wooden handle of a wisp or fan, cylindrical whetstones and burnishing

stones, and more than 500 large egg-shaped ballast stones.

Chemical analyses shows that the amber on the ship originated from the Baltic region of Europe, whilst identi"cation of the various wood species represented in the "nds indicates the use of tree varieties found along the eastern and southern Iberian coasts, but also widespread throughout

the Mediterranean basin. Determining the locations where the pottery was made, as well as the geological source of the ballast stones, will provide additional data with which to pinpoint the port of origin, or at least possible ports of call, where the ship took on particular cargoes and provisions. The trade networks evidenced already stretch from north-eastern Europe to

western Africa, and involve workshops and emporia in Iberia and other colonies in the central Mediterranean. Continuing analysis of the "nds and distillation of the extracted data will help to re"ne this picture and pro"t the study of Phoenician colonial and trade activity in Spain and other western Mediterranean regions.

— Mark E. Polzer

AIMA22NEWSLETTER

AIMA Newsletter | December 2011 | Volume 30 | Issue 4 ISSN 1446–8948 AIMA Newsletter ISSN 1446–8948

Jennifer McKinnonFlinders University, ArchaeologyGPO Box 2100ADELAIDE, SA 5001Ph: (08) 8201 5875Fax: (08) 8201 2784E-mail: jennifer.mckinnon@!inders.edu.au Ross AndersonWA Museum, DMA47 Cli# StreetFREMANTLE, WA 6160Ph: (08) 9431 8442Fax: (08) 9431 8489E-mail: ross.anderson@museum.wa.gov.au Jennifer RodriguesWA Museum, DMA47 Cli# StreetFREMANTLE, WA 6160Ph: (08) 9431 8445Fax: (08) 9431 8489E-mail: jennifer.rodrigues@museum.wa.gov.au Andy VidukaDepartment of SEWPaCGPO Box 747 CANBERRA, ACT 2601Ph: (02) 6274 2116 Fax: (02) 6274 2731E-mail: andrew.viduka@environment.gov.auJason RauppFlinders University, ArchaeologyGPO BOX 2100ADELAIDE, SA 5001Ph: (08) 8386 3056Fax: (08) 8201 2784E-mail: jason.raupp@!inders.edu.auDebra She"Flinders University, Department of ArchaeologyGPO Box 2100ADELAIDE, SA 5001Ph: (08) 8201 2575Fax: (08) 8201 2784E-mail: debra.she"@!inders.edu.au

Bill Je#ery, Vivian Moran,Ed SlaughterBrad Duncan, Sara Ward, Cosmos Coroneos

EDITOR’S NOTE

New Zealand Northern Territory Tasmania South Australia

Western Australia Victoria

Public O$cer

Publications Committee

Newsletter Editor

Website Administrator

AIMA/NAS Senior Tutor

AIMA/NAS Committee

Australasian Institute for Maritime Archaeology, Inc. Registration No. A0820044JWestern Australian Associations Incorporation Act 1987 Section 18(6)Newsletter Registered by Australia PostPublication No. WBH 1635

Andy Dodd, Matt Carter David SteinbergMike NashPeter Bell, Adrian Brown, Amer Khan, Wendy van DuivenvoordeVicki Richards, Jim StedmanPeter Harvey, Mark Ryan, Shirley Strachan, Peter Taylor

Corioli Souter

Ross Anderson, Jeremy Green, Peter Harvey, Kieran Hosty, Bill Je#ery, David Nutley, Mark Polzer, Nathan Richards, Myra Stanbury, Wendy van Duivenvoorde

Mark Polzer

Jennifer Rodrigues

Cassandra Philippou

Ross Anderson, Andy Dodd Amer Khan, Peta Knott, Jason Raupp, Ed Slaughter, Corioli Souter, Mark Staniforth, David Steinberg, Hanna Steyne, Sarah Ward

O$cers President

Senior Vice President

Vice President

Vice President

Secretary

Treasurer

State Councillors

Queensland

New South Wales

EXECUTIVEAIMA 2011–2012

During the April 2011 Flinders University "eld work in Saipan, Commonwealth of the

Northern Mariana Islands, a number of diagnostic artefacts were found on a shipwreck site indicating a mid to late 19th-century wooden sailing vessel. The artefact assemblage represents a range of ship construction and rigging materials, as well as shipboard items. One of the more unique artefacts found was a lead object—possibly a “4” with

the base missing—that is perhaps the vessel’s draught number. The object was discovered scattered amongst other miscellaneous artefacts on the site, suggesting that after the wrecking, lighter materials shifted along the shallow coral reef that the vessel hit. Very little timber was found and all were heavily concreted fragments.

This particular artefact was recovered o# the site for topside photographs and then returned. The object is 0.2 cm thick

and approximately 8.5 cm tall. There are three holes, each varying in size and position.

If anyone has any useful information about the object or vessel draught numbers, please contact Sarah Nahabedian at naha0004@!inders.edu.au.

— Sarah Nahabedian

ARTEFACTSpotlight

A possible low line mark—the number “4”—made of lead, excavated from a shipwreck site in Saipan during the 2011 Flinders University maritime archaeology expedition. (Photo by Jennifer McKinnon)

A possible lead draught number from a shipwreck in Saipan

Dear members, although this is the "nal Newsletter for 2011, it is the "rst since the Annual Meeting when

our newly elected Executive and Councillors took o$ce. Please note the re!ected changes on this page.

The Newsletter is a great place to share your association’s or individual research, "ndings, interesting stories, curious artefacts, activities or any other maritime-related bit of news with your friends and fellow enthusiasts in AIMA. Everyone is encouraged to become involved in the e#ort and submit content to the Newsletter. Send your contributions, images, or any other comments, questions or suggestions to the editor at markpolzer@gmail.com.

!e AIMA Newsletter is supported by:

THE HISTORIC SHIPWECKS PROGRAM

AIMA NewsletterVolume 30, Number 4

December 2011

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AUSTRALASIAN INSTITUTE FOR MARITIME ARCHAEOLOGY Inc.

Telephone: (08) 8201 2014 http://aima.iinet.net.au/ c/o Dept. of Archaeology Facsimile: (08) 8201 3635 Flinders University Email: jason.raupp@flinders.edu.au GPO 2100, Adelaide SA 5001 DATE: 02 September 2011 OUR REF: AGM 2011 Agenda.doc

2011 Annual General Meeting

AGENDA Time: 5:00 – 6:00pm Date: 02 September 2011 Venue: Main Theatre – Queensland Museum, South Bank (Brisbane), QLD

Ordinary business 1. Present

Ross Anderson (President & Chair), Jason Raupp (Secretary - Minutes), Debra Shefi (Treasurer) Cos Coroneos, Peta Knott, Anthony Mansfield, Ed Slaughter, Andy Viduka, Phyllis Coxhill, Amer Khan, Joanne Edney, Paddy Waterson, Mike Nash, Wendy van Duivenvoorde, Jen McKinnon, Cassandra Morris, Maddy Fowler, Kyle Lent, Danielle, Maddy McAllister, John Naumann, Roger Halliday, Ania Legra, Brad Duncan, Peter Taylor, Andy Paterson, Graeme Lehman

2. Apologies

Myra Stanbury, Jennifer Rodrigues, Colin Piper, Robert Demkiw, Ian MacLeod, Matt Carter, Peter Harvey, Rhonda Steel, Toni Massey, Peter Bell

3. Adoption of Minutes from 2009 Launceston A.G.M. Moved Wendy Van Duivenvoorde, 2nd Amer Khan. Minutes accepted without correction. 4. Reports 4.1 President – Ross Anderson

Full report attached below. Ross Anderson offered thanks to Jun Kimura for an excellent job as Treasurer and to Debra Shefi for taking over in that position. Thanks were also extended to Phyllis Coxhill for her work as Administrative Officer.

4.2 Secretary – Jason Raupp Full report attached below. Some issues experienced with the AIMA email list, but as of 1 September 2011, all was sorted out and it is up to date. AIMA Bulletin Vol 34 and the City of Launceston Special Publication were distributed in 2011; thanks to Myra Stanbury, Jeremy Green and the Publications Committee for their efforts. Thanks were also given to Ross Anderson for 6 years of outstanding service as President.

4.3 Treasurer & Auditor – Debra Shefi Full report attached below.

4.4 Administrative Officer on Membership – Phyllis Coxhill Full report attached below. Membership number as of September 2011 is 247 (including 132 renewals), which is down from the same time in 2010 by 11 members.

4.5 Publications Committee – Ross Anderson on behalf of M. Stanbury & J. Green Full report attached below. Key issue for the Bulletin is the downgrading of the publication from an A to B ranked journal in 2011, resulting from irregularity of publication due to a lack of papers being submitted; Ross Anderson put out a request for content. The AIMA Newsletter was given a

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well received facelift, but still struggles to obtain quarterly content; all members were encouraged to submit news about projects each quarter. Thanks to Mark Polzer for his work in the role of Newsletter Editor.

PROPOSALS: 1. That expression of interest and/or nomination be sought from a person or persons

willing to take over/be instructed in the role of Editor of the AIMA Bulletin.

Moved Ross Anderson, 2nd Cos Coroneos.

2. That the following people be appointed as the Publications Editorial Committee for the 2011–2012 financial year with the option to co-opt additional assistance as required. Jennifer Rodrigues (WA) Jeremy Green (WA) Myra Stanbury (WA) Bill Jeffery (QLD) Kieran Hosty (NSW) Nathan Richards (USA) David Nutley (NSW) Peter Harvey (VIC) Ross Anderson (WA) Wendy van Duivenvoorde (WA)

Moved Ross Anderson, 2nd Deb Shefi.

3. That Mark Polzer be re-appointed as AIMA Newsletter Editor.

Moved Ross Anderson, 2nd Jason Raupp.

4. That the web development team liaise with the Publications Committee with

regard to issues relating to future on-line access to AIMA Publications, including Jeremy Green’s Bulletin digitisation project and Ross Anderson’s signing of contract with RMIT Informit.

Moved Ross Anderson, 2nd Andy Viduka.

4.6 Annual Report (AIMA/NAS) – Jason Raupp on behalf of C. Philippou

Full report attached below. Summary of courses for 2010–2011 include: 11 Part 1 courses (including New Zealand and Norfolk Island); 2 Part 2 courses; and 3 sections of Part 3 courses. All were reminded that all course reporting procedures were updated in 2010 and that they must be followed to avoid unnecessary problems and redundancy. A compact disc containing updated power point lectures and supplementary course materials was mailed to each State Tutor in December 2010. Jason Raupp and Ross Anderson thanked Cass Philippou for her efforts as Senior Tutor.

5. Election of 2009-2010 Officers and Council 5.1 Officers: President, Senior VP, 2 x VP, Secretary, Treasurer

The following were nominated to the Executive. All were elected unopposed: President Jennifer McKinnon SA Senior Vice President Ross Anderson WA Vice President Jennifer Rodrigues WA Vice President Andy Viduka ACT Secretary Jason Raupp SA Treasurer Deb Shefi SA NB. Public Officer Corioli Souter WA Moved Roger Halliday, 2nd Wendy Van Duivenvoorde.

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5.2 Election of Ordinary Councillors (maximum 20) The following members were elected unopposed for Ordinary Councillor positions. Whilst 19 nominations were received prior to the AGM, it was noted that there was no representative from Tasmania; during the AGM Mike Nash agreed to represent Tasmania on the Council.

1. Vicki Richards WA 2. Jim Stedman WA 3. Terry Drew SA 4. Peter Bell SA 5. Adrian Brown SA 6. Wendy Van Duivenvoorde SA 7. Amer Khan SA 8. Brad Duncan NSW 9. Sarah Ward NSW 10. Cosmos Coroneos NSW 11. Paddy Waterson QLD 12. David Steinberg NT 13. Matt Carter NZ 14. Andy Dodd NZ 15. Shirley Strachan VIC 16. Peter Harvey VIC 17. Mark Ryan VIC 18. Peter Taylor VIC 19. Ed Slaughter QLD 20. Mike Nash Tas

Moved Roger Halliday, 2nd Wendy Van Duivenvoorde.

5.3 Appointment of AIMA/NAS Senior Tutor – Cass Philippou

Moved Jason Raupp, 2nd Dave Ross Anderson. Appointment approved.

5.4 Appointment of Auditor – see full details in Treasurer’s Report

Appointment of the external auditor to be organized by Public Officer.

Moved Ross Anderson, 2nd Jason Raupp. 6. Selection of Sub Committee and Positions

6.1 Publications Committee and Chair (8 members) – See above under 4.4 6.2 Website Administrator (1 member) – In Abeyance; TBA. 6.3 AIMA/NAS Committee and Chair – (14 members)

The AIMA/NAS committee is made up of each of the State Tutors, the Senior Tutor (Chair), plus the President. The following members were appointed as the 2011/12 State Tutors: QLD: Ed Slaughter WA: Corioli Souter SA: Jason Raupp NSW: Sarah Ward NT: David Steinberg NZ: Andy Dodd VIC: Cass Philippou (Chair) *There will be no Tasmania representative due to a lack of tutors. Cass Philippou will continue to coordinate any possible courses in Tasmania.

Moved Ross Anderson, 2nd Cos Coroneos.

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7. Status Reports 7.1 Administrative Officer – Phyllis Coxhill.

Some issues were experienced due to limited handover, but Phyllis Coxhill is happy to continue in the AO role. AO requested that they AIMA Membership email address (aimamembership@hotmail.com) be used for all correspondence. Digital receipts for membership renewals are now available to members. GVEHO grant application was completed by Jun Kimura, Deb Shefi and Phyllis Coxhill; funding sought for office equipment including a printer, laptop and FileMaker Pro program.

7.2 Scholarship Committee – R. Anderson on behalf of Emily Jateff (Committee Chair)

Emily Jateff has reinvigorated the AIMA Scholarship program over the past 12 months and established a committee. Along with Emily the 2010-2011 Scholarship Committee consists of Ross Anderson, Nathan Richards, Brad Duncan and Wendy Van Duivenvoorde. A decision was made by the Committee to not confine the award to academic candidatures, but to instead include volunteers. The 2010–2011scholarship funds ($2000) were shared among three recipients; these were: Get Under Divers for a project to add sacrificial anodes to the J5 Submarine in Victoria; Cassandra Morris (Flinders University MAP student) for travel assistance with thesis research shipwreck collections in SA museums; Kellie Clayton for shipwreck timber analysis in Victoria.

8. AIMA Projects:

1. Revamp of web site – Ross Anderson on behalf of C. Philippou AIMA has set aside $6000 for the redevelopment of the website and hosting. Cass Philippou took the lead on this and after much research signed a contract with The Web Showroom in Melbourne. The site is currently under construction and Cass will soon request new content and photos from Councillors.

2. AIMA Brochures – Ross Anderson Jennifer Rodrigues and Ross Anderson have been working with University of Western Australia student Kate Dent to update the brochure. All information and photos have been updated and the group are currently waiting to add the new website’s URL before final printing.

3. AIMA Shipwreck Photography Competition – Andy Viduka This competition has been a great success and the operators/sponsors have been very supportive. A decision was made to try for a monthly format in 2011, but due to lack of submissions it will be returned to a quarterly format. Andy Viduka is happy to continue in the role of coordinator, but welcomes assistance.

9. AIMA Membership Fees – Ross Anderson

Due to rising costs of services, it was proposed that membership fees are increased beginning in 2012–2013 to the following: Full memberships = $65 (up from current $45) Student memberships = $35 (remain same as current) Associate Memberships = $35 (up from current $25) Institutional Memberships = $95 (remain same as current) Life Memberships = $500 (remain same as current) Amer Khan raised the question of why increases were necessary and Ross Anderson explained that they result from rising costs of services including postage and publishing. Treasurer Deb Shefi and Administrative Officer Phyllis Coxhill confirmed that these costs had increased. Peta Knott suggested that raising Institutional Membership fees should be considered for the future. Andy Viduka stated that it would be good to see some money from increased fees put directly into the scholarships program. Jason Raupp (on behalf of member Hanna Steyne) questioned whether student memberships included both full and part-time students; it was agreed beginning in 2012–2013 that anyone with a valid student ID would qualify. Proposal to raise membership fees was put to vote and passed.

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10. E-learning – Ross Anderson The development of an E-learning module for maritime heritage was proposed. This would provide an online presence that could help AIMA to better engage with the diving community. This information and a video could be developed into a diving specialty course that could be used by diving certification agencies such as NAUI, PADI or SSI. Andy Viduka suggested that it should not only be geared for open water diving certification, but that it should be suitable for advanced diving courses as well. Ross Anderson suggested that the diving community be involved in order to better understand what is wanted and that at least one member of the committee be a dive shop owner or instructor. Wendy Van Duivenvoorde suggested that at least one student be included on the committee. A call for interest for a working committee was make; the E-learning working committee members include: Ross Anderson, Jennifer McKinnon, Deb Shefi, Mark Ryan, Vicki Richards, Andy Viduka, Peter Harvey and Jason Raupp.

11. DSEWPaC Funding for Asian Academy of Heritage Management (AAMH) Inaugural Underwater Archaeology Conference – Jason Raupp

AIMA was given $12000 from the Commonwealth’s Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPaC) to provide travel assistance to heritage professionals from Pacific Island nations to attend the inaugural Asian Academy for Heritage Management’s Asia Pacific Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage in Manila in November 2011. The funding was advertised widely and a deadline for applications was set for 1 September 2011. Five complete applications were received from individuals around the Pacific region; the AIMA Executive will review these and award funding by 10 September 2010. The AIMA Executive Committee extended thanks to the Commonwealth government for this funding.

12. AIMA UNESCO Convention 2001 activities 2011–12 – Ross Anderson Ross Anderson has been working closely with the UNESCO office in Bangkok, Thailand to obtain temporary accreditation as an NGO to work with UNESCO’s Scientific and Technical Advisory Board (STAB). Ross Anderson and Andy Viduka offered congratulations to the group of Flinders University students for the creation of the “Take the Plunge” initiative to get government support for Australian ratification of the Convention. One member of the group (Danielle Wilkinson) thanked AIMA for support and for providing funds to assist with printing, stationary and postage costs.

13. AIMA 2012 Conference Venue – Ross Anderson

Ross Anderson proposed that the 2012 conference be held in Western Australia. The conference would coincide with the 300th anniversary of the wreck of Zuytdorp and would be a joint effort with ASHA. Ross has discussed this with Shane Burke of Notre Dame University and possible venues include Fremantle and Rottnest Island. A conference organizing committee will be organised between the two organizations.

Moved Ross Anderson, 2nd Cos Coroneos. 14. AIMA Publications – Ross Anderson on behalf of the Publications Committee

14.1 AIMA Bulletin – RMIT status Ross Anderson discussed his efforts to make the AIMA Bulletin available online through RMIT Informit. This action will allow researchers all over the world to access the journal and has the potential greatly increase readership of the journal. The process is in the final stages and Ross will soon sign the agreement on behalf of AIMA.

14.2 AIMA Bulletin Digitization project Jeremy Green has nearly completed the process of scanning all past volumes of the Bulletin and converting them into searchable pdf documents. Once completed these will be made available to members electronically through the new website and will be indexed on a compact disc for sale.

14.3 Call for Expressions of Interest for AIMA Bulletin Editor(s) A reminder that expressions of interest for the position of AIMA Bulletin Editor(s) are being accepted.

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14.4 Short Reports & Book Reviews The idea of adding “Short Reports” and “Book Review” sections to the existing Bulletin format was again raised. Short reports would provide an opportunity to report on the status of projects that are not yet completed or on interesting facets of field research that do not warrant article length submissions. Book reviews are currently published in the AIMA Newsletter and are therefore not considered as academic publications. These sections are included in many other comparable and highly regarded journals. A proposal was made to work with the Publications Committee to develop these sections for upcoming volumes of the Bulletin.

Moved Ross Anderson, 2nd Jason Raupp.

15. Any Other Business

Jason reminded all present that all members are eligible for Council positions and that volunteers were always welcome. Ross, Jason and Deb thanked everyone for attending and for their input into the meeting and into AIMA business over the past year. The new council was welcomed in.

16. Close of Meeting The meeting closed at 6.05pm. Moved Ross Anderson, 2nd Deb Shefi.

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2011 AIMA EXECUTIVE REPORTS

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AIMA AGM President’s Report 2010–2011 Ross Anderson This annual general meeting will welcome a new AIMA President. It has been a busy and rewarding six years in the role and a great deal has happened during that time. When I came into the role I wrote that: The challenges for AIMA as I see it are to:

1) Ensure as much support as possible for the Australian Government's ratification of the UNESCO Convention so that Australia has a seat on the 20 person Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee (STAB ) reserved for the first 20 countries to ratify it, and the trade in shipwreck material obtained by treasure hunting through the Australian marketplace is stopped;

2) To build on links with the recreational diving community and dive industry to maintain strong grass roots support for the protection and conservation of Australian and New Zealand shipwrecks. Education via the AIMA/NAS course is a vital component in building and maintaining these links;

3) Build on strong links with AAA and ASHA including introduction of a discounted combined membership subscription price for members of two or all three associations (the conferences in 2007 was triple header with AAA/AIMA/ASHA);

4) Maintain a campaign against the destruction of underwater cultural heritage sites in South-east Asia by treasure hunters and commercial salvage companies, and to stop the trade in artefacts that are being sold in Australia and elsewhere;

5) “Raise awareness in non-maritime/shipwreck cultural institutions (eg; art galleries, museums, universities) of the necessity of protecting underwater cultural heritage and the ethics surrounding promotion of treasure hunting activities.” (AIMA Newsletter, December 2005, 24(4): 2)

I would like to briefly address these points as a timely way of assessing, and reflecting on the ways in which AIMA is meeting these challenges. Regarding Point 1 the Australian Government has not yet ratified the UNESCO 2001 Convention and therefore missed its opportunity to be on the STAB. Nevertheless AIMA has supported all measures taken by Commonwealth and State governments in Australia to progress to this goal including the Historic Shipwrecks Act 1976 Review that considered measures required to ratify of the UNESCO 2001 Convention. We have written to the Prime Minister, Federal and state heritage and environment ministers in Australia and New Zealand and members of the Environment Protection and Heritage Committee (EPHC) supporting Australia ratifying the UNESCO 2001 Convention. AIMA has been officially represented at the First meeting of State Parties to the UNESCO 2001 Convention in Paris and Pacific UCH workshop in Honiara, Solomon Islands, while members have been involved with the highly successful UNESCO Foundation Courses in UCH Management run in Chantaburi, Thailand and other like-minded organisations such as the Netherlands-based Centre for International Heritage Activities. AIMA itself has been awarded temporary UNESCO accreditation as a Non Government Organisation (pending full accreditation at the next State Parties’ meeting in Paris this November) to provide advice and expertise to the STAB. AIMA member Terry Drew has monitored eBay for sales of shipwreck and UCH material, and notified the Commonwealth and State agencies of possible breaches of the Historic Shipwrecks Act 1976 resulting in a number of artefacts being withdrawn from sale. On Point 2 AIMA has continued to develop the AIMA/NAS curriculum and run AIMA/NAS courses in Australia, New Zealand and Norfolk Island. We have promoted awareness of shipwrecks and UCH with the AIMA Photo Competition for the last two years, supported the work of avocational groups such as the MAAV’s Eleutheria project and presented the inaugural ‘Terry Arnott Award for Avocational Archaeology’ in Melbourne in 2010. AIMA has granted permission for the Western Australian Education Department to include AIMA/NAS content in the primary school curriculum, and we have recently formed a committee to develop an e-learning module for use by recreational diving organisations to educate instructors and students in becoming ‘heritage aware divers’. On Point 3 there have been few developments other than the writing of joint letters on various issues and the holding of joint conferences, the last being the 2009 AIMA/ ASHA conference in Launceston, Tasmania. Given the theme of AIMA’s 2011 conference is ‘Strengthening the Links’, and the fact it is not a joint conference with our partner archaeology organisations shows that this is one area that could be further strengthened, and greater dialogue to develop the partnership(s) into solid outcomes is required. I take responsibility for not creating more opportunities for such a dialogue and developing these links further, but look forward to continuing to work with others to build upon the current situation. One way of progressing this would be to have a conference organising committee that liaises closely with AAA and ASHA, and to formalise the existing informal links in other ways.

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Regarding Points 4 and 5 AIMA has worked with partner organisations such as UNESCO and the Advisory Council on Underwater Archaeology (ACUA) to campaign against treasure hunting/ commercial salvage and promote the UNESCO 2001 Convention, such as the preparation of an amicus legal brief with ACUA for use in US Admiralty courts. The importance of working with other agencies and institutions is evidenced by the recent example of the Smithsonian Institute cancelling its Belitung shipwreck exhibition in the face of public and media pressure. This shows how campaigns by a number of interested groups and individuals (not just nautical archaeologists) are raising awareness of the issues and ethics surrounding commercial treasure hunting. Other heartening developments in the USA and UK include government agencies adopting the UNESCO 2001 Convention Annex as guidelines for the management of UCH sites in their territorial waters, with positive implications for wrecks such as HMS Victory and RMS Titanic. AIMA is also a sponsor, and heavily involved in the organisation of the forthcoming Asian Academy for Heritage Management (AAHM) Inaugural conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage to be held in Manila, Philippines this November. Overall it is great to see so many people actively supporting AIMA whether it be working as a member of the AIMA Executive and Council, administering AIMA/NAS programs and running AIMA/NAS courses, administering our publications and submitting articles and research papers, working on conference organising committees, collaborating with other agencies and institutions, or simply being a paid up member. Thanks to you all! I would also like to especially thank and acknowledge all members of the Executive who I have been privileged to have worked with over the last six years. The workload of the Executive has increased with the number of activities and projects AIMA is involved in, and we are fortunate to have our Administration Officer assist us in this work. I look forward to welcoming the new AIMA President into the role, and offer them my ongoing and wholehearted support in meeting AIMA’s future goals and challenges.

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AIMA AGM Secretary’s Report 2010–2011 Jason Raupp

Publications AIMA Bulletin Vol. 34 was distributed to all 2009-2010 financial members in early 2011 by the WA Museum’s Maritime Archaeology Department. As usual, some problems were encountered with the mail out as the mailing list was not up to date. Members need to ensure that changes to postal and email addresses are forwarded to the AIMA Secretary so that members details are accurate.

In addition to the Bulletins, which are sent only to full members, all members continue to receive the AIMA newsletters a year as part of their membership benefits. The Newsletter has received a very well-received facelift and Mark Polzer is commended for his work as editor. This year, three issues of the AIMA newsletter (2010:3-4 and 2011:1) were mailed out to the Institutional and non-electronic members. There has been some delay with issue 2011:2 due to Mark’s field commitments. All members are reminded that content is always appreciated and is a great way to keep our community informed about current developments.

Members also received Special Publication #16, City of Launceston edited by Ross Anderson. Special Publication #17 on the wreck of the British whaler Lively is currently being prepared and will be distributed as soon as it is ready.

Email Discussion List Cass Philippou and Jason Raupp are now sharing the responsibilities of email list moderator. All members who provide an email address are automatically subscribed to the AIMA Members Discussion List and receive AIMA postings electronically, in addition to their entitled publications. Important notices or news are also published in the newsletters so all members remain aware of events. Some problems were encountered this year due to miscommunication and issues with membership reporting; a full audit of the list was completed in August 2011.

Wendy van Duivenvoorde has kept the email list members up to date with her excellent “Nautical News Weekly Update”. Thanks are again extended to Wendy for keeping us up to date on news of maritime archaeology, history and salvage issues from around the world.

General correspondence/communication Email continues to be the most popular and efficient method of communication between members of the Executive and Council for discussions and limited voting.

Almost all correspondence between AIMA members and the Secretary is done via email. Limited correspondence was received by the Secretary during the 2010/11 year, most of it pertaining to banking. AIMA again applied for a grant through the Department of Environment and Heritage’s National Historic Shipwreck Program in June 2010; the results of the application are pending.

A substantial amount of time has been spent handling membership renewals and enquiries. In addition, a number of members have encountered problems with their membership due to some issues with membership reporting as a result of AIMA/NAS courses. AIMA/NAS Senior Tutor Cassandra Philippou has recently revamped the course and membership reporting for State Tutors, which has alleviated this problem.

AIMA website Progress has been made toward to the redevelopment of the new AIMA website. After much review of various quotes for re-designing and hosting, the Committee choose Melbourne-based company The Web Showroom. Cassandra Philippou has taken the lead on effort and it is well underway. The new site will have a number of exciting features an on-line payment facility for membership renewals and on-line publication access. Thanks are extended to Cass for her hard work in getting this up and running!

AIMA Back Publications Myra Stanbury continued to deal with the sale of back issue AIMA publications. A small number of back copies of Bulletins and Special publications were sold this year. Members are again reminded that heavily discounted back-issues of the AIMA Bulletins and Special Publications are available for sale, and this is a great opportunity to fill gaps in your collection.

Administration work AIMA member Phyllis Coxhill took over the role of AIMA Administration Officer at the 2010 AGM. As per changes enacted at the 2010 AGM, the Administrative Officer assumed Membership coordination responsibilities. Phyllis has done a fantastic job in 2011 despite some issues with membership reporting.

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Administration Officer’s Membership Report 2010–2011 Phyllis Coxhill The total number of AIMA members for 2010–2011 was 247 compared to 258 for 2009–10. The number of members has remained reasonably stable with only a small decrease of 11. The breakdown of members was as follows:

Membership Category 2010–2011 Honorary 11 Institutional 11 Life 11 Ordinary 168 Student 22 Associate 24 TOTAL: 247

The number of AIMA members for 2011–12 as of September 2011 was 132. Membership renewals continue to come in for both the current and past years. The current breakdown is as follows:

Membership Category 2011–2012 Honorary 11 Institutional 10 Life 9 Ordinary 89 Student 10 Associate 3 TOTAL: 132

This is 17 less than the same time last year. Thanks to all members who have continued to support AIMA this year, and particularly those who have been patient with the processing of membership renewals queries and renewals with the appointment of a new Administrative Officer in January 2011.

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AIMA Treasurer’s Report 2010–2011 Deb Shefi, AIMA Treasurer-Elect & Jun Kimura, AIMA Treasurer Summary 2010–2011 The annual budget to maintain the incorporation shows a surplus of $25,135.37 in the main account without including grants from the Commonwealth. This compares to the $12,007.00 surplus in 2006–2007, the $6,487.46 surplus in 2007–2008, and the $3,663.34 deficit in 2008–2009, and the $14,718.39 surplus in 2009–2010. This has been generated for a few reasons including: contribution from membership ($7,183.62); bank interests ($7,064.08); gain by providing the AIMA/NAS courses in SA and WA ($22,125.00); publication sales ($1,088.08); sponsorship for conferences and receipts from 2010 and 2011 conferences ($1,9943.90). AIMA also received $24,000 in grant funds from the Commonwealth, as well as funds to support the inaugural Asia-Pacific Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage in Manila, Philippines. Accounts Statement (30 June 2011) Westpac Bank Main Account: #032277-133742 $ 47,207.58 Westpac Business Maxi-i Direct: #036306-268768 (previous 240730) $ 4,472.97 Westpac Term Deposit: #035-04526-2573 (Renewed 28 June 2011) $ 100,000.00 Manila Conference Account: #035045-283542 $ 13,799.99

Total: $ 165,480.54

(2009–2010 Total: $ 128,201.46)

(2008–2009 Total: $ 128,501.03) 2011–2012 Budget Estimated main expenses for 2011–12 AIMA businesses include costs for the renewal of AIMA’s website (approximately $5,000) and brochure (approximately $2,000). AIMA Scholarship Committee will allocate research grants ($2,000) to members to conduct archaeological projects. AIMA Council may also approve extra funding for other projects, including the publication of online AIMA Bulletins and an e-learning system; however, under the limited budget in the financial year 2011–12, the pursuit of multiple-year funding for these projects is considered. In 2010, AIMA was successful in bidding for a grant of $16,350 from Australia’s National Commission for UNESCO, part of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade to support the inaugural Asian Academy for Heritage Management (AAMH) Asia/Pacific Underwater Cultural Heritage Conference in Manila, Philippines in November 2011. This grant carries over to the financial year 2011–2012. AIMA also obtained US$3,000 from the UNESCO Bangkok office to be expensed for this Conference web-site development. Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (DESWPaC) provides AIMA with grant funding ($12,000) to sponsor some Pacific Islanders to attend the conference. Savings Savings will be left in the term deposit account accruing interest. A new Term Deposit that was opened in Westpac Banking Corporation with a deposit of $100,000 was renewed on 28 June 2011. By earning interest annually approximately $3,000–4,000 through maintaining this amount, AIMA can possibly secure a minimum budget for events, activities, and AO payment. The interest rate is a competitive rate and will need to be reviewed by the executive members annually.

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FULL TREASURER’S REPORT Introduction This treasurer’s report for the financial year 2010–2011 has been prepared for the Australasian Institute for Maritime Archaeology Inc. (AIMA). AIMA AIMA is an organization dedicated to the promotion of maritime archaeology throughout the Australasian region. Based in Australia it has sponsored maritime archaeological projects and training programs throughout Australasia, Asia and the Pacific. The objective of AIMA is to support and undertake scientific research in the field of maritime archaeology within a defined Code of Ethics and to publish the results of this work. Structure of AIMA A group consisting of an executive committee, newsletter editor, and a council of 20 members represents AIMA as defined in the organisation’s constitution. The Executive committee comprises a President, Senior Vice President, two Vice Presidents, Treasurer, Administration Officer and Secretary. An Administration Officer is contracted to maintain memberships and financial records. At present the executive committee is dispersed around Australia. The organisation meets once a year at an annual conference. The conference is held in a different location each year to provide for the large distribution of members in the Australasian region. Members annually receive four newsletters, and a bulletin. Occasional reports are published in some years. AIMA supports the implementation of the UNESCO Convention for the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage and assists in maintaining an AIMA presence at key meetings. AIMA also manages maritime archaeology courses run under license from the Nautical Archaeology Society (UK). The training courses are run through independent coordinators and managed by a Senior Tutor and State Tutors. By the end of 2003, 50 training courses managed by AIMA had been conducted in Australia and New Zealand since 1997. Management of AIMA Accounts Currently AIMA employs an Administration Officer to process financial transactions and to maintain the accounts databases. The AIMA treasurer supervises accounts activity and electronic banking and maintains the budget by cooperating with the other AIMA executives. AIMA currently has three accounts available in the Online Banking System. The main account is a Westpac account that has five signatories; President, Senior Vice President, Treasurer, Administration Officer and Secretary. The second account (opened on 12 July 2005), is a Westpac Business Maxi-i Direct (Term Deposit) account that has two signatories, President and Treasurer. The third account is the Manila Conference Account, which was open 27 September 2010 and has two signatories. A New Term Deposit for the purpose of gaining maximum interest on savings was opened on 29 April 2009 and renewed on 28 June 2011. This Term Deposit requires two signatories of the executives for renewal. Transactions of the general account are entered into a File Maker Pro® database which is maintained by the Administration Officer. The Administration Officer sends the Treasurer copies of the accounts database on the request of the Treasurer. Summary of Budget in AIMA’s Accounts 30/06/11 Overview of AIMA’s money as of 30/06/2011: Westpac Bank Main Account: #032277-133742 $ 47,207.58 Westpac Business Maxi-i Direct: #036306-268768 (previous 240730) $ 4,472.97 Westpac Term Deposit: #035-04526-2573 (Lodged 29 April 09) $ 100,000.00 Manila Conference Account: #035045-283542 $ 13,799.99

Total: $ 165,480.54 Summary of Yearly Receipts and Expenditures Below is a summarised list of AIMA’s main sources of receipts and expenditures for the 2010/2011 financial year. Note that the Historic Shipwrecks Program (HSP) grant from the Commonwealth Department of Environment,

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Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA) has not been included, as this funding is acquitted separately. Further information on each of the categories of receipts or expenditure is included in this review. Summary of Receipts and Expenditure (Excluding Grant Monies) 2010-2011 Receipts Expenditures

Administration Officer* 3,007.99 Membership sub 10/-11 7,183.62 AIMA/NAS General & Courses 5,229.15

Publication sales 1,088.08 Charges (bank fees or Govt) 998.11 Interest (Term Deposit, Westpac Business Maxi-i Direct, Main Account)

7,064.08

Insurance 1,972.92

NAS Course contributions 22,125.00 Audit 50.00 Miscellaneous 5,245.00 Postage (General)/Stationary 1,626.29 Sponsorship 500.00 Advertising (photo comp) 1,676.40 Miscellaneous 180.00 Website Expenses 3,329.55 Total Receipts 43,205.78 Total Expenditures 18,070.41

Surplus $ 25,135.37

(GOV Grant receipts) (24,000.00) (Bulletin) (15,932.41) (Conference sponsorship, receipts from the last conferences)

(19,443.90) (Conference Expenses) (24,845.95)

(Manila Conference Interest) (29.64) (Newsletter Printing) (400.00) (Manila Conference) (19,070.35) (Manila Conference) (5,300.00) Total 105,749.67 Total 64,548.77 Carry over from the financial year 2009–2010

$24,408.15

Bank balance of the Main Account at the end of financial year 2010–2011

$47,207.58

For the year 2010–2011, there was a Surplus of $25,135.37 without including grants from the Commonwealth (i.e., Historic Shipwrecks Program and Manila Conference). The receipt in the Main Account was $43,205.78 (not including Commonwealth funding). The expenditure in the Main Account (excluding Commonwealth funding) was $18,070.41. The total deposit including grants from the Commonwealth in the Main Account was $86,649.68 and the total expenditure including projects’ expenditures supported by the Commonwealth in the Main Account was $60,018.34. When the receipts include the Commonwealth Grants in the Main Account the result is a surplus of $ 25,135.37. Inclusive of the Manila Conference Grant, in total through the last financial year, the receipts totalled $105,749.67 and expenditures totalled $65,318.34, resulting in a total surplus of $40,422.77 between the two accounts. Therefore, the bank balance of the Main Account as at 30 June 2010 was $24,408.15 and the bank balance as at 30 June 2011 was $47,207.58. The Manila Conference Account was not established until the 2010–2011 financial year, which ended with a bank balance of $13,799.99. Tables of Receipts and Expenditures Receipts 2010–2011 The receipt for AIMA does not include Commonwealth Grant funds. Commonwealth Grant funds are spent on the allocated project.

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Expenditure 2010–2011 The list below shows a summary of the expenditure of AIMA’s budget for the year 2010–2011. Expenditure associated the HSP grant, such as newsletter production, postage of bulletin, conference expenditures etc, and the Manila Conference are not included in this summary. Voluntary hours contributed to AIMA have not been included.

Membership AIMA has a strong membership base that includes members of the public, professionals, and institutions. Many members are stable members who renew annually; however, many of the new members who join though the AIMA/NAS courses do not renew their membership the following year.

AIMA Membership Receipt (including members generated through AIMA/NAS part 1 courses) 2003–2004 2004–2005 2005–2006 2006–2007 2007–2008 2008–2009 2009–2010 2010–2011

Receipt 10,164 9,997 10,270 9,472 7,914 7,508 7,660 7,183 Publication Sales

2002–2003 3,430 2003–2004 727 2004–2005 1,078 2005–2006 1,642 2006–2007 2,803 2007–2008 1,714 2008–2009 3,844 2009–2010 716 2010–2011 1,088

Term Investing Account The Home Building Society account was closed in 2005. The funds ($21,689.50) were transferred on the 16th June 2005 into the main account. A five month term deposit account was opened with $60,000 through Westpac with an interest rate of 5.40%. Westpac Business Maxi-i Direct is a accessible term deposit account by President, Senior President, Secretary, Treasurer, and AO, and the interest rate in 2008 was 6.50%. This interest rate dropped to 2.25% by the beginning of April 2009. The Manila Conference Account was opened 27 September 2010 with $0.00. A fix term deposit was opened with $100,000 through Westpac with an interest rate of 3.70% and the term deposit was renewed with an interest of 5.80% The term investment account earned $2,749 in the 2005–2006 financial year, $3,921 in 2006–2007, $1,714 in 2007–2008, $2,923.24 in 2008–2009, and $4,022 in 2009–2010. Receipt from Term Deposit: $ 6,885

Total interest from all accounts: $ 7,064 AIMA/NAS Courses AIMA, under license from the Nautical Archaeology Society (NAS) UK, runs courses to provide maritime archaeology education and training programs to the public. Similar courses are run in the US, UK, South Africa,

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and Canada. The AIMA/NAS courses are a key facility for AIMA to promote maritime heritage awareness. The part 1 short courses are an essential means of building links between government agencies, divers, university students and the general public. AIMA pays a cost of £5 to NAS (approx $15) for a student card. AIMA receives $25 per student as membership fees for part 1 courses. AIMA requires that course coordinators contribute a minimum fee of $45 per student to AIMA to cover membership expenditures, administration and NAS payment. Part 1 NAS course contribution from SA and WA in 2010 and 2011. Receipt: $ 22,125 Year 2006–2007 2007–2008 2008–2009 2009–2010 2010–2011 Amount 1,540 3,570 5,112 7,055 22,125 Expenditure to provide AIMA /NAS cards, tutors, and a Part 3. Expenditure: $ 5,229 Course coordinators are encouraged to suggest AIMA/NAS students upgrade to full or student AIMA membership so course graduates receive more membership benefits and ideally more incentive to renew their membership annually. Administration Officer (AO) Since May 2003, an Administration Officer (AO) has been employed to accommodate the increasing administration loads of the organisation. In 2007, the new AO position is established independently from Treasurer. The role of the new AO is to: maintain accounts databases; prepare accounts and receipts for annual audit; assist the conference organisers; update AIMA memberships/NAS records and distribute the AIMA newsletter hard copies to approximately 40 members. The AO is employed on a wage of $25/hr. The AO has been budgeted to work 2 days a month. This workload will increase at times during a conference and decrease during periods of little activity. The table below shows the expenditures of the AO:

Year 2005–2006 2006–2007 2007–2008 2008–2009 2009–2010 2010–2011 Amount 3,912 1,900 6,315 2,928 3,108 3,007

$4,800 has been budgeted as annual wage for the AO. The AO has been funded by the GVEHO grant (Grants for Voluntary Environment and Heritage Organisations) for previous years. The position of the AO 2008–2011 was not covered by the GVEHO grant. Expenditure: $ 3,007 Bank Fees These are fees to cover banking costs and for the processing of credit card transactions. Expenditure: $ 998 Insurance AIMA pays an annual fee for insurance for professional indemnity and public liability. Barrenjoey Lifestyle Pty Ltd provides the insurance. For the year 2005–2006 the expenditure for professional indemnity was $1,413.43 and the cost for Public Liability Insurance was $639.76. The total insurance cost for the year 2005–2006 was $2053.19. The total insurance cost for the year 2006–2007 was $2044.58. In 2007–2008, the cost Public Liability Insurance to was $609 and professional indemnity insurance was $1,453. The total insurance cost for the year 2007–2008 was 2,062. The total insurance cost for the year 2008–2009 was $1,956. In 2009–2010, the cost Public Liability Insurance to was $ 566 and professional indemnity insurance was $ 1,387. The total insurance cost for the year 2009–2010 was 1,953. In 2010–2011, the cost of insurance paid to Barreljoey Insurance brokers was $1973. Expenditure: $ 1,973

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Advertising Major expenditures for advertising is associated to the photo competition including a payment of $1,676. Expenditure: $ 1,676 Website Administration For the AIMA’s web administration cost, $3,329 was released. Expenditure: $ 3,329 Commonwealth Government Grants Grants Summary – Historic Shipwrecks Program AIMA applies annually to the Commonwealth Government’s Historic Shipwrecks Program. The success of the applications is not confirmed until late in the financial year which causes problems in budgeting. AIMA is normally successful in acquiring funds to produce and distribute an annual Bulletin and quarterly newsletter. In previous years, Commonwealth grants have also funded a National Training officer and special publications. The following is intended to provide an indication to the situation of Commonwealth Funding to AIMA as part of the Commonwealth Historic Shipwreck Program. For more detailed information consult the Grant Application and Acquittal records. The table below shows the funds received from the Commonwealth in the last five years. Financial Year 2002–2003 2003–2004 2004–2005 2005–2006 2006–2007 2007–2008 2008–2009 2009–2010 Amount 21,000 18,600 19,800 19,454 13,181 14,500 14,500 14,500

The following table shows the breakdown of funds allocated to 2000– 2010 projects.

2010–2011 Project Amount Publications (4 Newsletters and Bulletin) 17,102.01 Conference (AIMA Conference in Brisbane) 24,845.95 Total Funds for Grant Application 41,947.96

Grants Summary – Manila Conference Grant AIMA was successful in bidding for a grant of $16,350 from Australia’s National Commission for UNESCO, part of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, to support the inaugural Asian Academy for Heritage Management (AAMH) Asia/Pacific Underwater Cultural Heritage conference in Manila, Philippines in November 2011. Sponsorship to delegate AIMA members to attend the conference may be considered. The present policy is to use interest earned on AIMA’s term deposit to provide sponsorship for activities aligned with AIMA’s goals, however AIMA Council may also approve extra funding for other projects. Other expected costs in 2010–2011 are for development of AIMA’s website, and any special publications not funded under the Historic Shipwrecks Program, including the SS City of Launceston and Lively Special Publications.

2010–2011 Project Amount Manila Conference Expenses – Website 5,3000 Total Remaining Funds for Grant Application 13,799.99

Receipts/Expenditures for Commonwealth Funded Grants – HSP Publications 2010/2011 Commonwealth Grant – Allocated funds $17,102.01 Newsletter A newsletter is published and distributed to members on the AIMA website and to some by post, four times annually. The expenditure of the 2010–2011 newsletters includes printing, postage, labour and the purchase of stationery. Based on an average of cost of $450 per edition, estimated expenditure for the year is $1,800. AIMA members make a significant volunteer contribution to the newsletter, especially the newsletter editor. Estimated

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expenditure of the labour to compile the newsletter is $3,250 (130 hrs @ $25 per hour) annually. This expenditure is covered by volunteer labour. Newsletter Expenditures 2010–2011 Expenditure Printing of newsletter 400 TOTAL 400 Bulletin Bulletin Costs 2010–2011 Expenditure Printing of the Bulletin 13,824 Postage of the Bulletin 1,968 Editor 140 TOTAL 6,189 Conference 2010–2011 Commonwealth Grant – Allocated funds $5,000 The 2010 conference was held in Melbourne, Victoria. The conference was organized by a conference committee set in Melbourne, Victoria. A total of main receipts of the conference was $19,443.90 and a total of main expenditure was $24,845.95.

Receipts Expenditures Registrations 16,424 Venues 17,467 Miscellaneous 3,020 Overseas speaker (1 key note speakers) 220 Printing (Program, Poster board) 509 Wurundji Welcome 550 Reimbursements 4909 Ecosilk bags 705 Advertising 485 TOTAL $19,444 $24,845

Grants Summary – GVEHO Grant Every year AIMA applies for a grant from the Commonwealth Department of Environment and Heritage. The funding is from the Grants for Voluntary Environment and Heritage Organisations. AIMA applied for $10,000 and was granted $4,000 for the 2006–2007year. The money was banked in the 2007–2008 year. The grant is for expenditures relating to administration, meetings, insurance and banking fees. However, AIMA could not receive the GVEHO Grant 2007–2008 and missed the 2008–2009 Round as well as the 2009–2010 Round and 2010–2011 Round. The table below shows the expenditures the funding was in.

Receipt Expenditure GVEHO Grant Round 2005–06 $1,800 Admin Officer (2005–06 Round) $1,485.50 GVEHO Grant Round 2006–07 $4,000 NCHF travel (2005–06 Round) $314.50 GVEHO Grant Round 2007–08 $0 Admin Officer (2006–07 Round) $3,415.00 GVEHO Grant Round 2008–09 N/A Banking Fees (2006–07 Round) $585 GVEHO Grant Round 2009–10 N/A GVEHO Grant Round 2010–11 N/A

Audit AIMA’a accounts and paperwork for the year 2004–2005 were prepared for audit by Additions Bookkeeping Services WA. AIMA was charged $363.for this service. These documents are with Anning and Associates, Hobart for completion of the audit. Records for the 2005–2006 and 2006–2007 were submitted to for audit by Anning and Associates. Audit fee ended 30 June 2008 was charged by the UHY Haines Norton Chartered Accounts based in Adelaide. In 2009, by the same auditing company, a total of $875 including $50 for audit certificate fee was charged. In 2010, also by the same auditing company, AIMA was charged $50 for an audit certificate. Expenditure: $ 50

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PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE REPORT Myra Stanbury, Bulletin Editor Committee Members 2010–2011

Myra Stanbury — AIMA Bulletin/Special Publications Editor (WA) Jeremy Green — AIMA Special Publications Editor (WA) Kieran Hosty — Editorial Committee (NSW) Bill Jeffery — Editorial Committee (QLD) Nathan Richards — Editorial Committee (USA) Ross Anderson — Editorial Committee (WA) David Nutley — Editorial Committee (NSW) Peter Harvey — Editorial Committee (VIC) Wendy van Duivenvoorde — Editorial Committee (WA/SA) Sarah Ward (Marketing, NSW)

Mark Polzer —Newsletter Editor (SA)

Cass Philippou — Website development (VIC) The Editor thanks the above for their continued support during the past year. AIMA Bulletins Bulletin Volume 34 for the year 2009–10 was mailed to members in March 2011. This included 31 overseas members—from New Zealand, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Tahiti, Canada, United States, Denmark, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, South Africa, Sweden and the United Kingdom—and 158 to Australian members. The print run for this Bulletin was reduced from 300 copies to 250 to reduce the number potentially left in stock. Members will note that this was the first full colour volume as many of the figures would otherwise have been difficult to interpret. The contributions by overseas authors to this volume was most welcome and demonstrates, once again, that the AIMA Bulletin is recognised internationally as a forum for publication. Again, a number of members had not advised the Membership Secretary of their change of address and/or new addresses had not been updated on the database, which resulted in several postal returns. When this relates to overseas members it incurs a significant cost as the publications are sent Airmail to ensure safe delivery, and overseas mail is charged at normal international rates not Print Post rates. Bulletin Volume 35 (2010–11) is still in the early stage of production with promised papers still to be submitted. The lack of copy continues to be disappointing, and is in part due to papers presented at AIMA conferences either not being written up for publication and/or being submitted for publication elsewhere. I apologize to those authors who submitted their manuscripts by the 31 March 2011 deadline and who now have to wait patiently for their work to be published. The Call for Papers is published in the last issue of the AIMA Newsletter (as a reminder to conference presenters), and subsequent issues. People who have presented papers at the annual AIMA conference (e.g. September 2011 in Brisbane) and wish to publish then have almost 6 months in which to finalize their text before the March deadline!! I would remind members that AIMA receives a Grant-in-Aid from the Commonwealth (SEWPAC) to support its conferences and publications, and that the dissemination of information about maritime archaeology is one of the Institute’s key objectives. Ranking of the Bulletin It was reported last year that because the Bulletin had not been able to adhere to a regular time schedule (i.e. does not appear at a set time in the financial year) its Excellence in research for Australia (ERA) ranking had been dropped from A to B. This had implications for professionals and academics wishing to build a research profile for grants (e.g. Australian Research Council Grants) etc., who needed to publish in A* or A rated journals as much as possible. In March/April 2011, the Australian Research Council undertook a review of journal rankings and members of AIMA were called on to file a submission in support of the Bulletin and other journals (e.g. the ASHA Journal, that had also dropped to B ranking). As Editor, I sent in a submission, and I know from emails I received that many AIMA members filed individual submissions—so thank you all for your time and effort in doing that.

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The outcome—as many of you will have read in the news media—was that the Minister for Innovation, Industry, Science and Research, Kim Carr announced on 30 May 2011 that the prescriptive A*, A, B and C ranks would be abolished in the future rounds of the Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA) initiative. The controversial rankings will be replaced by ‘journal quality profiles’ that will indicate the most popular journals in which each discipline publishes. So, we need to keep the standard up and attract as much input as possible into the Bulletin. Future of the Bulletin Issues relating to the future of the Bulletin have been repeatedly raised at previous AIMA AGMs (see 2009–2010 Publications Report). In terms of actions arising from the 2010–2011 proposals: • An expanded Editorial Committee was established to broaden the field of peer reviewers. • Jeremy has continued to typeset the Special Publications with Myra assisting with the copy-editing. • Myra produced the last Bulletin (Volume 34) and will continue with the production of Volume 35. However, the

time has come for this work to be handed over to others! Jeremy and Myra are prepared to offer initial supervision and training as offered previously.

• Jennifer Rodrigues investigated the possibility of JSTOR in New York including the Bulletin in their on-line service. Unfortunately, they replied that “the scope of these [AIMA] publications is a bit outside what we are currently adding in archaeology at this time…[but] will certainly keep the Bulletin of the Australasian Institute for Maritime Archaeology and Australasian Institute for Maritime Archaeology Special Publication in mind as our content development plans evolve, and we will be in touch if we have an opportunity to extend an invitation to your journals.”

• Print-on-demand: Jeremy has almost finished converting all the Bulletins and Special Publications (including those no longer in print) into pdf format so that they can be incorporated into the new website and printed on demand at determined prices.

Special Publications Series Special Publication SP 16 was mailed to members in February 2010. Anderson, R., (ed.), 2010, Final report on SS City of Launceston (1863–1865) excavation and conservation 1997–2009. Australian National Centre of Excellence for Maritime Archaeology Special Publication No. 14, Australasian Institute for Maritime Archaeology Special Publication (No. 16). ISBN 9781876465049 (pbk.). RRP A$35.00 Available at RRP + Postage from AIMA Publications, c/o Department of Maritime Archaeology, Western Australian Museum, 45–47 Cliff Street, Fremantle WA 6160. Forthcoming issues, in preparation: Stanbury, M., (ed.). The Mermaid Atoll shipwreck—a mysterious early 19th-century loss, believed to be the Lively. In the early 1980s, the remains of a shipwreck thought to be the British whaler Lively, lost in the early part of the 19th century, was surveyed and partially excavated at the Rowley Shoals, some 296 km west of Broome. Although several feature articles and short book chapters have been published about the site, a publication is now in the final stages of production that will detail the archaeological survey and excavation of the site; the archival research undertaken in order to try and confirm the identity of the ship and the circumstances of its loss; and, the analysis of the archaeological collection with a view to establishing whether the vessel is indeed the former French prize Abeille, built in 1787, captured by a British naval fleet in 1795 and purchased by entrepreneurial London shipowner Daniel Bennett for service as a South Seas whaler. Sexton, R.T., Their Majesties’ Ship Roebuck 1689–1701. In 2001, the Western Australian Museum organised an expedition to the Falkland Islands in search of Louis de Freycinet’s Uranie, lost in 1820, and thence to Ascension Island seeking the Roebuck which under the command of William Dampier had foundered off the island precisely 300 years before the group’s visit. The team, led by Dr Michael McCarthy was successful in finding evidence of the wreck in Clarence Bay including the ship’s bell, a large clam and pieces of ceramic. This publication will focus on the research undertaken in order to reconstruct the plans of this 17th-century Royal Navy fireship.

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Publication Sales There have been regular requests for individual articles and/or sets of Bulletins/Special Publications throughout the year, notably from overseas tertiary institutions, students and researchers.

Year Bulletins/SPs Income $

Postage Income $

Total Income

2006–2007 2872.94 2872.94 2007–2008 1048.30 513.50 1561.30 2008–2009 3178.05 917.30 1895.35 2009–2010 563.00 274.60 837.60 2010–2011 1107.38 264.30 1381.68

AIMA Website The re-development of the AIMA website is proceeding under the Project Management of Cass Philippou. Jennifer Rodrigues is the Website Manager and has been updating the site information; and, supervising an intern to update the AIMA brochure. AIMA Newsletter Mark Polzer (Editor) has done an excellent job producing a ‘New-Look’ Newsletter, which has been commended by many members. AIMA members are also to be congratulated for providing interesting content and illustrative material. Proposals 1. That expression of interest and/or nomination be sought from a person/or persons willing to take

over/be instructed in the role of Editor of the AIMA Bulletin. 2. That, given no objections from the nominees, the following people be re-nominated as the

Publications Editorial Committee for the 2011–2012 financial year with the option to co-opt additional assistance as required.

Jeremy Green (WA) Myra Stanbury (WA) Ross Anderson (WA) Kieran Hosty (NSW) David Nutley (NSW) Bill Jeffery (QLD) Peter Harvey (VIC) Nathan Richards (USA) Wendy van Duivenvoorde (SA) 3. That Mark Polzer be re-appointed as AIMA Newsletter Editor. 4. That the Web development team liaise with the Publications Committee with regard to issues relating

to future on-line access to AIMA Publications.

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AIMA Senior Tutor 2010–2011 Cassandra Philippou I took on the role of AIMA/NAS Senior Tutor in September 2009 and it has been a long transition. Corioli Souter has been the Senior Tutor for more than 6 years, with a brief hiatus when David Nutley took on the role in 2008. We has great aspirations for a revamp of the AIMA/NAS program following the State Tutors meeting and training workshop in Launceston in 2009. The revamp was to involve updating the Part I and reviewing Part II curriculum, and getting from Part III programs off the ground. A comprehensive hand over of the role of Senior Tutor from Corioli to me only took place in August, and at that time we also held discussion regarding the updates and new courses. Consequently I still have plenty of work do flowing on from the 2009 meeting. Only Flinders University ran portions of Part III in 2010, with students completing approximately 80 hours as a component of its field school. However, since July 2010 Sarah Ward has been organising a number of Part 3 topics, as well as identifying other courses outside of the AIMA/NAS program available in NSW that may meet requirements of the Part III. Also, in conjunction with the 2010 AIMA Conference, Patrick Baker will be taking a one day Part III workshop on Archaeological Photography. So we are making some headway with Part III topics, and intend to have some more developed during 2010/11. Corioli and I wrote a paper on the NAS training program in Australia, which was presented by Corioli at the 2010 Society for Historical Archaeology (SHA) Conference in Florida in January. Peta Knott has left Tasmania and I am now seeking a willing AIMA member who could take on the role of coordinator for courses in Tasmania. Due to the low number of courses I have decided to make the Victorian State Tutor also the State Tutor for Tasmania for now and to promote courses in Victoria to Tasmanian residents. Should there be sufficient interest a course could be run by mainland tutors in Tasmania. A new AIMA/NAS reporting and training procedures document is being developed and will be distributed to state tutors prior to the annual meeting on September 19. This document will clarify and streamline reporting for Part I courses, as well as establishing a system for development and approval of Part III topics in Australia.

Summary of AIMA/NAS Part I courses in Australia 2009–2010

STATE PART I COURSES PARTICIPANTS New South Wales July 2009 14 September 2009 8 May 2010 8 South Australia 30/31 January 2010 10 Victoria 17/18 October 10 (9 graduates) 21/22 November 2009 7 13/14 March 2010 7 Western Australia 12–13 September 2009 5 27–28 February 2010 5 1–2 May 2010 13 TOTAL NUMBER OF COURSES 10 77 (76 grads)